First, people's democracy combining electoral democracy with deliberative democracy is a prominent feature and political advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's democratic system.
The people's democracy combining electoral democracy with deliberative democracy is a socialist democratic political system suitable for China's national conditions and an inevitable historical choice proved by practice. Sixty years ago, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beiping. It was on the basis of deliberative democracy that the new China regime was established through electoral democracy. Since the founding of New China 60 years ago, the state has continuously improved the system of people's congresses and guaranteed people's democratic rights in elections. At the same time, CPPCC continues to play an important role in deliberative democracy in China's political life. Especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, with the process of reform and opening up, electoral democracy and deliberative democracy have been further developed and improved. In addition to the electoral democracy of the National People's Congress, the electoral democracy in urban and rural grassroots autonomy has also been greatly developed. At the same time, deliberative democracy has also been well played in the construction of people's congresses, governments, CPPCC, United front, regional ethnic autonomy, grass-roots democracy and the ruling party. As two forms of socialist democracy in China, electoral democracy and deliberative democracy are becoming increasingly clear, and they are constantly rising from practical experience to theoretical understanding. In February 2006, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued "Opinions on Strengthening the Work of the People's Political Consultative Conference in China", clearly stating that "the people exercise their rights through elections and voting, and all factions within the people fully consult before making major decisions, and try their best to reach an agreement on the same-sex issue, which are two important forms of socialist democracy in China", enriching Socialism with Chinese characteristics's democratic theory.
In China's socialist democratic political life, electoral democracy and deliberative democracy complement each other, support and promote each other, and play an important role in the development of socialist democracy. Electoral democracy is based on full deliberative democracy, and major issues are fully negotiated and considered before voting; Important personnel arrangements should be fully negotiated before the election, and there should be no so-called election system that excludes consultation. The process of consultation is a process of deepening the understanding of the problem and a process of constantly unifying the understanding; Without fully discussing the negotiation process, blindly making decisions by voting will not only fail to fully develop democracy, but will easily make wrong choices. Deliberative democracy cannot replace electoral democracy, and the result of deliberative democracy must be achieved through electoral votes. Electoral democracy follows the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority, and deliberative democracy follows the principle of reaching consensus. The combination of electoral democracy and deliberative democracy makes China's socialist democratic system both extensive and inclusive.
The two forms of socialist democracy in China-electoral democracy and deliberative democracy-share the same fundamental interests and the same values, that is, we must adhere to the organic unity of the leadership of the Party of China, the people being masters of the country and governing the country according to law. To implement a socialist democratic system that combines two kinds of democracy, we must oppose two tendencies. One is to advocate pure electoral democracy, reject deliberative democracy, and demand western competitive electoral democracy, separation of powers and multi-party system; One is to exaggerate the function of deliberative democracy, realize the will of individuals or a few people through consultation, and make electoral democracy a mere formality. China's national conditions determine that it is not feasible to adopt western competitive electoral democracy. China has no tradition of competitive democracy, and completely adopts the form of western competitive electoral democracy, which is easy to lead to chaos. Rich people can finance their own representative elections or bribe elections, or violently control elections, or organize the masses to engage in street politics. This situation can't really achieve the goal of people's democracy. Now we are also developing competitive democracy to a certain extent, which is manifested in the expansion of the differential election system, but we must never adopt the model of separation of powers and multi-party competition. We should rely more on the democratic system that combines electoral democracy with deliberative democracy.
Implementing electoral democracy on the basis of deliberative democracy can not only adhere to the leadership of the * * * production party, but also fully carry forward democracy, which is a democratic form in line with China's national conditions; The practice of deliberative democracy is also an effective democratic form to coordinate people's fundamental interests and specific interests, long-term interests and immediate interests, overall interests, local interests and personal interests. The democratic system combining electoral democracy and deliberative democracy is one of the important characteristics of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. This democratic system is deeply rooted in the soil of China, conforms to the essential requirements of socialist democratic politics, embodies the characteristics and advantages of the socialist political system, embodies the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups in China, and has great superiority and strong vitality, which is an important feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Second, CPPCC is an important part of China's democratic system that explores the combination of electoral democracy and deliberative democracy, and it is a democratic system with deliberative democracy as its main form.
In China's socialist democratic political system, deliberative democracy is in the basic position of the whole democratic system, which is an important feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's democratic politics and an important advantage of China's socialist democratic system. In China, there are many forms of deliberative democracy: CPPCC, some people before election and decision-making, governments at all levels before and after decision-making, urban and rural communities in democratic autonomy, and enterprise professional congress system.
CPPCC is one of the basic systems of deliberative democracy in China. Exploring the combination of electoral democracy and deliberative democracy is an important part and form of democratic political system. It is a democratic system with deliberative democracy as its main form. The constitution of China People's Political Consultative Conference clearly stipulates the nature of CPPCC: "China People's Political Consultative Conference is an organization of the patriotic United front of China people, an important institution for multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of China Party", and "China People's Political Consultative Conference is an important form of promoting socialist democracy in China's political life". CPPCC's political consultation is to negotiate the major policies of the country and important issues in political, economic, cultural and social life before making decisions, and to negotiate important issues during the decision-making process. This deliberative democracy has promoted the scientific decision-making of the party and the government, and made important contributions to promoting the unity and cooperation of all ethnic groups, parties, social circles and Democrats without party affiliation in China and promoting the development of socialist construction.
CPPCC's deliberative democracy is fully reflected in the process of fulfilling its three major functions. First, promote deliberative democracy in political consultation. China * * * Production Party insisted on extensive political consultation with democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce and representatives from all walks of life on the platform of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and extensively listened to opinions through the plenary session of the CPPCC, meetings of the Standing Committee, meetings of chairmen and symposiums, forming a * * * knowledge. Secondly, promote deliberative democracy in democratic supervision. Organizations and members at all levels of CPPCC give full play to their extensive advantages in contacting the masses, and supervise the implementation of major decisions of party committees and governments at all levels and the work of party and government organs at all levels through various means such as inspections, proposals, social conditions and public opinions, and specially invited supervisors, so as to continuously deepen democratic supervision. Third, promote deliberative democracy to participate in and discuss state affairs. CPPCC organizations at all levels adhere to the principle of "focusing on the center and serving the overall situation", fully respect and reflect the opinions and suggestions of democratic parties by conducting research on key topics, organizing special Committee activities and holding symposiums for sector members, and play an important role in contacting people's feelings, collecting public opinions and gathering people's wisdom. Since the founding of New China 60 years ago, CPPCC has held extensive consultations at all levels on many major issues such as national and local economic construction, political life, social life and United front. On the stage of China People's Political Consultative Conference, China's * * * Production Party has formed a * * * knowledge through extensive consultations with democratic parties, representatives of the Federation of Industry and Commerce and people from all walks of life, which has condensed its strength and is an important guarantee for Socialism with Chinese characteristics's continuous victory.
In the 60 years since the founding of New China, especially in the 30 years since the reform and opening up, our Beijing CPPCC has earnestly performed the functions of political consultation, democratic supervision and participation in the discussion of state affairs stipulated in the Constitution of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, and made positive contributions to the development of the capital's political, economic, cultural, social and ecological construction. We actively play the role of CPPCC deliberative democracy in promoting the construction of democratic politics in the capital, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, we participate in the negotiation of major decisions and important personnel arrangements in the capital; The second is to negotiate major policies for the economic, cultural and social development of the capital; The third is to negotiate on improving the environment and people's livelihood in the capital; The fourth is to hold consultations around maintaining the stability and stability of the capital. Through extensive political consultations, CPPCC members put forward many valuable opinions and suggestions to promote the economic and social development of the capital, strengthen the protection of the ancient capital, improve and solve people's livelihood problems, and provide important reference for the decision-making of the municipal party Committee and municipal government; Some opinions and suggestions have become an important part of the decision-making of the municipal party Committee and municipal government. For example, during the formulation of the 11th Five-Year Plan for the national economic and social development of our city, members of the Standing Committee organized a large number of investigations and studies, and put forward more than 100 opinions and suggestions on regional economic cooperation, new rural construction, independent intellectual property rights and other issues through consultations in the form of plenary meetings, meetings of the Standing Committee, and symposiums, which played a positive role in promoting the 11th Five-Year Plan to better reflect the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development. In view of the problems existing in the income distribution of some state-owned enterprises in Beijing, such as the low income of ordinary employees, the low pension of retirees and the difficulties of some low-income employees, in 2007, CPPCC organized members to conduct in-depth research in different types of state-owned enterprises, and formed the Standing Committee's Proposal on Solving the "Two Low and One Difficult" Problems of State-owned Enterprise Employees in this Municipality. The attention of city leaders and the widespread concern of society have played a positive role in standardizing the income distribution of state-owned enterprises and promoting the solution of the problem of "two lows and one difficulty".
Third, further develop the deliberative democracy of CPPCC and promote the construction of socialist democratic politics.
As an important political form and organizational form of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), CPPCC is the main channel to realize deliberative democracy. At the conference just held to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of China People's Political Consultative Conference, Comrade Hu Jintao pointed out: "CPPCC should stick to the road of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics and constantly consolidate the ideological foundation of the United struggle of all parties, groups, nationalities and people from all walks of life who participated in CPPCC; Unswervingly adhere to the leadership of China * * * Production Party over CPPCC, perform functions and carry out work closely around the party's major decisions and work arrangements, and ensure that the party's line, principles and policies are fully implemented in CPPCC; Give full play to the important channel and platform role of CPPCC in expanding citizens' orderly political participation, and extensively attract people from all parties, groups, ethnic groups, all walks of life and all walks of life to participate in state affairs. "Learning the spirit of General Secretary Hu Jintao's speech at the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of China People's Political Consultative Conference, and upholding and improving the deliberative democracy of CPPCC need to be promoted from the following aspects.
1. Fully respect and give play to the important role of democratic parties and federations of industry and commerce in deliberative democracy. In the political party system of multi-party cooperation in China, the democratic parties are independent and equal, and the production party and the democratic parties are close and cooperative friends. Win-win cooperation is the essence of political party relations in China. At present, great changes have taken place in the membership and self-construction of democratic parties in China. The relationship between the democratic parties has changed from the original class alliance to the political alliance of some socialist workers, socialist builders and patriots who support socialism. The cooperation between the production party and the democratic parties has changed from class cooperation in the past to cooperation on the basis of socialism and patriotism. In the deliberative democracy of CPPCC, we should respect the independence and equal status of democratic parties, pay more attention to the social interests and requirements represented by democratic parties, give full play to the role of democratic parties in national life, and strive to achieve mutual benefit and win-win in democratic consultations.
2. Further enrich and improve the forms, contents and procedures of CPPCC's performance of duties, and strengthen the system construction of deliberative democracy. It is necessary to improve the rules and procedures of CPPCC to carry out deliberative democracy and avoid the arbitrariness of consultation. Further clarify the procedures for proposing consultation topics, the specific implementation procedures for consultation activities, the procedures for informing information, listening to opinions and participating in consultations, the procedures for timely sorting out and submitting consultation results, and the procedures for handling opinions, suggestions and responding to feedback. We should attach great importance to and actively adopt the results of democratic consultation to avoid deliberative democracy becoming a mere formality. Through the institutionalization, standardization and procedural construction of deliberative democracy, we can negotiate better and reflect the interests and aspirations of the broad masses of the people more comprehensively. In fulfilling the functions of CPPCC, we should gradually open up and absorb ordinary citizens to participate in political consultations, improve citizens' enthusiasm for political participation, and give play to the important channel and platform role of CPPCC in expanding citizens' orderly political participation.
3. Further improve the way of producing CPPCC members and improve their quality. Members are the main body to realize deliberative democracy, and their consultative ability and level reflect the level of deliberative democracy. It is of great significance to recommend outstanding members to improve the level of deliberative democracy in CPPCC. On the mechanism of CPPCC members, it is necessary to strengthen the consultation of members, increase the openness, democratization and transparency of members, and improve the standards, procedures and methods of members. We can explore the formation mechanism of CPPCC members, allow them to explore the application of electoral democracy in the sector, and introduce competition and elimination mechanisms to ensure that members are representative and have high consultation and deliberation ability and level.
4. Further create an environment and atmosphere conducive to CPPCC's deliberative democracy. Party and government leading cadres at all levels should enhance their democratic awareness, actively support the work of CPPCC at all levels, and create a democratic, harmonious, relaxed and active environment and atmosphere for CPPCC organizations to play their functions of political consultation, democratic supervision and participation in the discussion of state affairs. CPPCC organs and leading cadres at all levels should strive to improve their own quality and provide quality services for members to perform their duties. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of democratic culture in the whole society and create a harmonious democratic culture atmosphere. As Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out, "a political situation of centralized democracy, freedom of discipline, unity of will and individual relaxation and liveliness" has really taken shape.