At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, farmers lived in poverty because of the confusion of government and local laws and regulations. In view of this, the three brothers Zhang Bao, Zhang Jiao, Sean, used spells and spells to treat diseases everywhere. Many sick people drank his water and recovered without taking medicine. Zhang Jiao is regarded as a living immortal by people. So there were more and more followers, even hundreds of thousands, all over Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan and Yu, accounting for almost three-quarters of the country at that time.
In A.D. 184 (the year of Jiazi), Zhang Jiao met his followers on March 5, and under the slogan "Heaven dies, Huang Tian should stand, the year is in Jiazi, and the world is prosperous", he rose up against Han. Within a month, war broke out in eight states and twenty-eight counties across the country, and hundreds of thousands of yellow turban insurrectionary troops were on a roll, threatening the capital. The Han Dynasty suppressed the national elite, and the two sides fought fiercely in the Central Plains for nine months, and finally ended the victory of the Han Dynasty with the death of three brothers Zhang Jiao and the slaughter of 400,000 yellow towels.
However, victory did not save the Han Dynasty in the storm. After the chaos, small-scale rebellions continued to occur in various places, such as Montenegro, Bai Bo, Huanglong, Zuojiao, Niu Jiao, Lu Wu, Yan Fei, Yangfeng and Du Yu. There are thousands of small forces and even millions of big forces.
In the imperial court, due to the decentralization policy of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, the state secretariat was changed to state shepherd, and local troops were encouraged to support themselves. In the suppression of the Yellow turban insurrectionary, emerging heroes rose in succession, attacking each other and vying for the Central Plains. Even the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty was in the hands of warlords, and the curtain of troubled times finally slowly opened.
Nomadic peoples such as Xianbei, Xiongnu, Wu Heng and Qiang, who have been under the pressure of the Great Han Dynasty for a long time, finally began to stir. Powerful nomadic warriors gathered under the temptation of their leaders, waiting for the opportunity to go south. The great rivers and mountains in the Central Plains are like a rich dining table in the eyes of these aliens.
Our story begins in this turbulent era, in the hinterland of Xianbei nationality in the north. ...
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the emperor was young, consorts and eunuchs were authoritarian, political corruption, social darkness and increasingly decadent rule. Eunuchs and consorts monopolized the political power and blocked the political outlet of scholars, so a group of scholars composed of enlightened bureaucrats and landlords set off a political movement against eunuch autocracy. Eunuchs, on the other hand, don't let others criticize them. They used their power to manipulate the emperor and suppress the opposition of bureaucrats and literati.
At the end of the Han Dynasty, politics became darker, official rank transactions became increasingly popular, farmers' livelihood was cut off, and they had to take the road of armed resistance, so the famous peasant uprising "Yellow Scarf Uprising" broke out at the end of the Han Dynasty. After nine months of fighting, the main force of the rebel army failed, but the rest of the country continued to fight for more than 30 years, which greatly shocked the decadent ruling regime of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the relations among ethnic groups were complicated. After three blows to the Huns in the heyday of the Han Dynasty and the division within the Huns, the strength of the Huns was greatly weakened. The southern Xiongnu belonged to the Han Dynasty, while the northern Xiongnu moved westward and retreated to Mobei. Its hometown was occupied by Xianbei people. After the Southern Xiongnu joined the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wuhuan, Xianbei and Han resumed friendly relations. In 49 AD (the 25th year of Jianwu), more than 900 leaders of various ministries of Wuhuan went to Luoyang to appear before Emperor Guangwu, and Emperor Guangwu appointed 8/kloc-0 of them as princes and rewarded them. The adults of Xianbei ministries also belong to Han, who gives Xianbei 270 million yuan every year, and sets up a captain of Wuhuan, who lives in Gu Ning City and manages the affairs of Wuhuan and Xianbei.
Since Hanzhong Leaf, Xianbei has gradually become strong. When Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, Tan, an adult of Xianbei, unified the ministries of Xianbei and made laws to establish a court in the north of Zhangjiakou today. Shortly after Tan's death, Xianbei split into several parts and its strength weakened.
Wu Huan
Historical customs:
Wu Huan, Ben Donghu also. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the Huns rashly destroyed their country, while the rest kept Wuhuan Mountain because they thought it was nameless. Vulgarity is good at riding and shooting, and hunting animals is a thing. Pasturing with aquatic plants, living in impermanence. Take the vault as the residence and open the sun to the east. Eat meat, drink cheese and wear Mao Cui clothes. Expensive and cheap, fierce by nature. Anger will kill father and brother, but never hurt mother. Mother has clan, but father and brother have no enmity. Those who are brave, can reason and can go to court have all been promoted to adults and have no career. Every town has its own handsome boy, and hundreds of thousands of them are their own. If an adult calls, he will carve the wood into letters. Although there is no clear text, the Ministry does not dare to violate it. Surnames are impermanent, taking the names of adults and healthy people as surnames. Adults and below, their own livestock production, do not fight each other. Their marriage makes sense. They are still half a year old for a hundred days, and then they give cows, horses, sheep and livestock as good coins. When you go home with your wife, your wife's family has no respect, but she worships, not her parents. Being a servant of his husband's family, I have been idle for a year or two. My wife's family is a rough girl, and I have to do everything to live in. His vulgar wife and stepmother, widowed, died of her husband. Judging from the strategy of using women, only war is self-determination. Father and son, men and women are squatting.
The cutting head is light. When a woman marries, her hair is coiled up, tied in a bun and decorated with gold and jade, as in China. [4] Women can embroider and knit Wei's works. Men can make bows, arrows and saddles and forge gold and iron as weapons. Its land is only suitable for the east wall. The east wall is like grass and grass, and it will be ripe in October. Watching birds and animals conceive milk in order to bid farewell to the four festivals.
Conflict with the Han Dynasty:
In the winter of Yang's family in Shun Di, Wu Huan Kouyun blocked more than a thousand merchants' cattle on the road, and Master Geng led more than two thousand people to pursue them, which was unfavorable. He also fought in Anshan, beheading 500 people. So Wu Huan surrounded Chicheng in Lan, so he sent a total of two thousand shooters, spent a thousand men in Liao camp, and won Wu Huan with the county chariot, but Wu Huan retired. In the fifth year of Yonghe, Wu Huan's adults, A Jian and Qiang Qu, rebelled against Wu Si, the commander of the Southern Xiongnu, and Zhang Dan broke it, and Yuxian learned to surrender. In the eternal life of Emperor Huan, Northern Wuhuan and Xiutu became one party, and Zhang Huan, a corps commander, was leveled. In the summer of nine years, Wu and, Xianbei and the southern Xiongnu * (Xianbei) * Kouyuan border nine counties, all against, Zhang Huan discussed, all out of the plug.
At the beginning of Emperor Ling, Lord Wu Huan, who went to the valley to build a building, lost more than 9,000 people, and those who lived in Qiuli in western Liaoning lost more than 5,000 people, all of whom were kings; Liaodong, Su Shiyan, thousands of people fell, claiming to be the king of the mountain; Yanwu, right to Beiping, lost more than 800 yuan, calling himself King Hanlu: brave and resourceful. In the fourth year of Zhong Ping, Zhang Chunpan, the former prefect of Zhongshan Prefecture, settled in Qiuli and proclaimed himself King Midian. He became a marshal of the counties of Wuhuan and plundered the four States of Qing, Xu, You and Ji. For five years, he served as a shepherd in Youzhou, and bought a purification head.
Xianbei or Xianbei
History and customs
Xianbei people are also a branch of Donghu people, so they don't rely on Xianbei Mountain, so they don't name it. His speaking habits are the same as Wu Huan's. Just get married first, spend the Spring Festival in Raoleshui, and then cooperate after the swallows have finished. Animals are different from those in China, such as wild horses, goats and horned cows. They use horns as bows, commonly known as horns as bows. There are also minks, jackals, scorpions and soft fur, so the world thinks it is famous for its fur.
Contact with the Han Dynasty:
The early Han Dynasty was also broken by modu chanyu. He fled to the Great Wall of Liaodong and was connected with Wuhuan, but he didn't communicate with China often. At the beginning of Guangwu, the Huns were powerful, led Xianbei and Wuhuan to copy the north, and killed several officials. No one was better. In the twenty-first year of Jianwu, Xianbei and Xiongnu entered Liaodong, and the satrap of Liaodong broke it, and they all got it, so it was a shock. And the south Khan is attached to the Han, and the north Lu is lonely and weak. In twenty-five years, Xianbei began to pass through the post. Later, He Liannian sent troops to attack Beilu and was rewarded with a head in Liaodong. In the past thirty years, Xianbei adults have led people to congratulate each other in hatred and profundity, and they are eager for justice. The emperor was crowned king of Chuben, and his head was full of Hou. When Yu Yang Akayama Wu Huanxin Zhiben and others came to the valley.
In the first year of Yongping, ancestor worship was biased and broken. So Xianbei adults came to join them and got a reward in Liaodong. The second state of Qingxu gave money of 270 million yuan a year. Zhang Ming II, you are safe.
Conflict with the Han Dynasty:
General Dou Xian, the Emperor of Yong Yuanzhong, sent Geng Kui, the right captain, to defeat the Huns, and North Khan fled, so Xianbei moved the capital. There are more than 100,000 Huns, all surnamed Xianbei, and Xianbei is gradually flourishing. In nine years, Xianbei in Liaodong attacked Feijun. The satrap sacrifice was defeated and died in prison. In the 13th year, Xianbei Kou from Liaodong went to Peiping, but because he entered Yuyang, the prefect of Yuyang broke it.
In Andiyong junior high school, Xianbei's adult Yi Quechao congratulated him, and Empress Dowager Deng gave Yin a ribbon, riding a bare bike, and let a captain Wu Huan live at the gate. Because of the construction of two quality halls in the north and south, Xianbei City was reduced to 120 units, each of which was sent to the quality. Later or later, it was even more aggressive with Xiongnu and Wuhuan.
During the reign of Emperor Huan, Xianbei's father joined the Xiongnu army for three years, and his wife gave birth at home. Throw a deer and wait. I want to kill it. The wife said that she tasted Lei Zhen during the day, but looked up at the sky and cheered her mouth. She was born in October because she swallowed it. This child must be very strange. He should be farsighted. If you don't listen to the deer, you have to do it. The wife whispered that the family adopted the child named Shi Huai. 14, 15 years old, you are brave and wise. Adults from different departments copied their cattle and sheep from other families, and Shi Huai chased them alone. He knew he was dead along the way, so the tribe didn't dare to take them. It is forbidden to cast spells, and those who dare not commit crimes are considered adults. Shi Huai is standing by the water of Khan Mountain. He has traveled more than 300 miles to the north. The army is very prosperous, and everything belongs to adults. Because of copying the border in the south, refusing Dingling in the north, Manchu in the east and Wusun in the west, according to the hometown of Xiongnu, it is more than 4,000 miles from east to west and more than 7,000 miles from north to south, and it is trapped in the mountains and rivers of Shuize Salt Pond.
In the autumn of the second year of Yongshou, Shi Huai rode three or four thousand in Kouyun. In the first year of Yan Xi, Xianbei North Kou. In winter, Xiongnu corps commander Zhang Huan led Nan Khan to capture the fortress and beheaded him 200 times. In two years, he re-entered the Wild Goose Gate, killing hundreds and plundering everything. In the summer of six years, Liaodong rode more than a thousand people. In the summer of nine years, he rode tens of thousands of people into the border of nine counties and killed hundreds of officials, so he sent Zhang Huan to attack again and Xianbei was out of the fortress. The imperial court accumulated troubles, but it could not control them, so it sent a special envoy to seal Shi Huai as king, hoping to live in peace with him. Shi Huai refused to accept it, but Kou copied it. It is divided into three parts, from right Beiping to Liaodong in the east, Fuyu and more than 20 towns in the east, from right Beiping to the middle of Shanggu Valley in the west, and from Shanggu to Dunhuang and Wusun in the west, all of which belong to Shi Huai.
Lingdi Li, Youdi, Binhe and Liangzhou border counties are all young and will not be copied by Xianbei Kou, killing countless people.
Xiping three years in winter, Xianbei into the north, the satrap Yu Xia came to rest Tuge chase. Wu Huan was transferred to be a captain. Five years, Xianbei Kouyouzhou. In the summer of six years, Xianbei Kou was trilateral. Autumn, Yu Xia said: "Xianbei Koubian, since the beginning of spring, more than 30 rounds, please recruit troops from counties in Youzhou to attack, one winter and two springs, birds will be extinct." The court won't allow it. First of all, Tian Yan, a captain of Qiang, sat down to discuss the original punishment and made contributions. He made Wang Fu, a regular servant, a general, so he discussed sending troops to educate the people to hire thieves. The emperor worshipped Yan as a corps commander who broke Xianbei. There were many different ministers, but they called hundreds of officials to discuss the court. Cai Yong, a negotiator, said, "Books can't deceive the summer, it's easy to cut off the devil's side. Zhou has a stubborn and savage teacher, and Han has something like beauty and wealth. (Liang Wudi ordered General Qi Qing to attack the Huns, attack Yan Yanshan and behead more than 10,000 people. Huo Qubing crusaded against the Huns, sealed the wolf in Xushan and boarded the vast sea. The conquest of different categories makes sense. But there are similarities and differences, and there is no doubt that there are gains and losses, and there are successes and failures. "
Shi Huai died at the age of forty-five, and He Zi passed it down from generation to generation. Hector even less talented than his father, also calculate copy, lust, injustice, each half. After attacking the north, he was cheap and good at crossbow shooting and joint death. His son, Qianman, is young, while his brother, Zi Kui, is tall. When Qianman grew up, he competed with the champion for the country, so he dispersed. When the leader died, the younger brother took root. Since Shi Huai, adults have been handed down from generation to generation.
strong
History and customs
Xiqiang originated from the three temples, and Jiang's family was different. Its country is near Nanyue. And the four evils, the three dangers of migration, and the Qiang land in the southwest. From the shore to the support, to the river head, scratch thousands of miles. Give support, Yu Gong's so-called analytical support. The south is connected with barbarians outside Shu Han, and the northwest is connected with Shanshan and Cheshi countries. Live impermanently, depending on the grass. There is less land and more grain, and the industry is animal husbandry. Its folk clan is uncertain, or takes the father's surname and mother's surname as the species number.
After twelve, my father was away, married his wife and stepmother, and my brother died, and he accepted it. So the country is widowed and varied. If you don't set up a monarch and a minister, you will grow into one. If you are strong, you will be classified as a chief. Weak is dependent on others, strong is violent, and strong is the male. There are no other regulations prohibiting homicide. His soldiers were in the valley, shorter than the ground, and could not last long, but they were lucky to die because of sudden contact, and their illness was ominous. The same cold and bitter, the same beast. Although a woman is born, she does not cover the snow. Strong and brave, won the spirit of the Western Jin Dynasty.
Conflict with the Han Dynasty
In the second year of Emperor Huan's founding, Baima Qiang took Guanghan as the state and killed the dragon officer. At that time, Xiqiang and Hufupan in Huangzhong were bandits, and Yizhou secretariat led a stubborn leader to break them and beheaded 200 thousand people. In the first year of Yongshou, Zhang Gong, a captain, toured Nanyang Mansion for the fifth time, which was very powerful and nothing happened. Yan Xi two years, visit pawn, with corps commander Duan Qirui as a captain. When eight kinds of dragon swims were burned, Xi encountered a big break. In the past four years, Mrs. Zero has combined the combination of Chu Zero, Shang Jun Shenbian, Prison Sister and Qi Xin, which is cool and auxiliary. At the meeting, I sat down and took Hong from Jinan as the captain. Wei was helpless, so the Qiang attacked Liu Liang and destroyed the camp. The enemy lost more and more, and the corps commander Huang was breached. In the past five years, all kinds of Shenbian belonged to Zhangye and Jiuquan, and Huangfugui recruited them, all of which fell. Everything is handed down by the rules. I planted birds to recover Hanyang, and soldiers in Longxi and Jincheng broke it, each with its own attachment. In winter, five or six thousand people in Yunnan attacked Wuwei, Zhangye and Jiuquan and burned people's houses. In six years, Sun Qiang, the prefect of Longxi, smashed it, beheaded it and drowned more than 3,000 people. Hu Hong's illness made Duan Qirui captain again.
In the first year of Yongkang, Daisuke Kishio, a native of Dongqiang, and others threatened three fellow clansmen, and Zhang Huan, a corps commander, chased them and chopped them. It's been reported. (Dong Qiang and Qian 056,000 rode through Guanzhong, surrounded by water, and plundered Yunyang. In summer, no two battalions were attacked again, killing more than 1000 people. In winter, Qiang, Mo and other places. Threatening similar banknotes. He sent Sima Yinduan and Dong Zhuo to attack, break it, behead it, capture more than 10,000 people and set three states. I don't care about eunuchs, so I can't reward them. I only give 200 thousand, except for one person at home. I won't accept my resignation, but I want to go to Hongnong Huayin. The old system did not allow border people to move in, but just because they listened to their contributions, they began to promote farmers. )
The Qiangkou Wuwei was bombed, and the general Duan Qirui was shattered, and the rest were scattered. (In the first year of Yongkang, all kinds of speculation were repeated. More than 4,000 people wanted to attack Wuwei, hunt down the phoenix bird, break it, kill its canal length and behead 3,000 people. Xi Qiang decided here. )
After three years in Jianning, Lingdi became a servant of Qiang. In the first year of Zhong Ping, the zero Qiang people in the north fell because of the Yellow Scarf Rebellion, which was contrary to * (Han) * * [Huang] * and Hu Apollo and Koulongyou. What happened is the story of Dong Zhuochuan. In winter, the northern region first rose up against the Qiang people and the thieves of Hanshui River, so it was appointed as the general from Gonghe Li, Hubei Province, to kill and protect the Qiang people. Apollo, etc. Robbed Jincheng people's side chapter and Han Sui, made them full-time military and political officials, killed Jincheng satrap Chen Yi, and attacked and burned counties. Next spring, tens of thousands of people will ride into the bandits' Three Chu, invade Yuanling, and punish eunuchs in the name of Huangfusong Dong Zhuo. In the first year of Xingping, Feng Yi rebelled against Qiang and defeated the counties. Guo Si and Fan Chou smashed it and beheaded thousands of people.
Since then, there have been 150 generations. Nine of them are in the west of Heyuan and north of Shuhan, and the previous history does not include several. Only a wolf in Wudu is better than a thousand soldiers. Fifty-two of them were weak, unable to stand independently, scattered as accessories, or were not extinct or taken away. Among its 89 kinds, only the clock is the strongest, winning more than 100 thousand soldiers.
Xiongnu (South):
The previous book tells the story of Huns without talking about the north and the south. Today is called the south, and obviously it is also the north. South Khan was particularly deep, so everyone who followed was crowned. Dong Guanji said that the Xiongnu Khan was a legend, but Fan Yeyin forgot the word "Khan". Southern Xiongnu is the grandson of Uhaanyehe, and Uju is the son of Khan. Since Xie Han's call, philosophers have been inferior. When they honor their father in the current season, they will chase after the king and lead the south and Wu Huan in the days of the son of heaven.
Conflict with the Han Dynasty
The remains of Yiling Khan were built and established in the first year. In the first year of Yongshou (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), the Xiongnu left Taiwan and Qubode resumed. Money is beautiful and stable, and Zhang Huan, the length of a country, has broken it down.
In the first year of Yan Xi, Khan in the south was near the ministries, so he joined the nine counties of Wuhuan and Xianbei Koubian, and Zhang Huan negotiated for the northern corps commander, but Khan was told by the ministries. Huan was arrested for Khan's inability to govern the country and made Zuo king. Emperor Huan said, "In the Spring and Autumn Period, you lived in the son of heaven, in the car, and devoted yourself wholeheartedly. What crime? It was sent back to the court. "
If Tute's corpse is one by one, it will be Khan and Xiping will be established in the first year. In six years, Khan and corps commander Zangmin led an army to attack Xianbei Shi Huai and were defeated. I'm 30 years old, Khan, I appeal. Yu Shouzheng, Guanghe first year. In the second year, Zhang Xiu, a corps commander, could not be compared with Khan, so he revised it and even made Wang Xianqiang's song Khan. Don't ask, don't kill people first, and punish Ting Wei.
Qiang Quhan, Daoguang for two years. Zhong Ping four years, the former Zhongshan satrap Zhang Chun defected, leading Xianbei Koubian County. Emperor Ling sent someone to take Liu Yu, a shepherd from Youzhou, to the southern Xiongnu soldiers for letters. Khan sent Zuo to Youzhou. The people of China were afraid that Khan would send his troops without him. In five years, the right tribe rebelled against more than 100,000 people, including Hugh Hubai Matong and Khan.
Khan was in Qiang area for ten years, and his son Right Wang Xian helped Li Luo.
Holding the body waiting, Khan was established in Luo Fu and Zhong Ping for five years. China people kill their fathers. * * * Xu Li, the capital of Oracle bones and tortoise shells, is Khan, but he helped Se sue herself. When Emperor Hui Ling collapsed, the world was in chaos. Khan joined thousands of cavalry and Bai Bo thieves to attack Hanoi counties. When the people get together, the money is plundered, and the soldiers are black and blue. If we want to return to China, the people of China will not be affected, but will stop Hedong. Oracle bones were supposed to die for Khan for a year, so Nanting took its place, and Lao Wang was in charge of state affairs.
Khan kitchen spring, Xingping two years. My brother was expelled and could not return to China, and the number was paid by Xianbei. In the first year of Jian 'an, Xian Di returned from Chang 'an East, and went to Xiangbei with the servants such as the thief Shuai Han Xian, and refused to attack and Guo Si. The driver returned to Luoyang, moved to Xu, and then returned to China. In twenty-one years, Khan came to Korea, and Cao Cao was sent to a humble prison for staying in power.