During the period from the first year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty to the third year of Tongzhi (1851-kloc-0/864), the leading group composed of Hong Xiuquan, Yang, Xiao Chaogui, Feng Yunshan, Wei Changhui and Shi Dakai took the lead in launching a peasant uprising war against feudal rule of Qing Dynasty and foreign capitalist aggression from Jintian Village, Guangxi, which was/kloc.

2. Westernization Movement

It was a self-help movement launched by the Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty in 19, 60-90 to maintain feudal rule and introduce western military equipment, machine production and science and technology. The slogan of the Westernization Movement was "self-improvement" in the early stage and "seeking wealth" in the later stage.

3. 1898 Reform Movement

1898 June 1 1 to September 2 1, the reformists advocated learning from the west, advocating scientific culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing the political reform movement of agriculture, industry and commerce.

The Reform Movement of 1898 was an important political reform in the modern history of China, and it was also an enlightenment trend of thought, which promoted ideological emancipation, social progress, ideological and cultural development, and promoted the progress of modern China society.

4. Late Qing New Deal

In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1), with the acquiescence of Empress Dowager Cixi, the Qing government carried out reforms, and the court tried to carry out a series of systematic reforms in military, official system, law, commerce, education and society.

The reform also extended to the mainland, Northeast China, Mongolia, Northwest China and Tibet. Due to the fragmentation and delay of the reform policy and the perfunctory of some officials, little progress has been made, but the "New Deal" has promoted the modernization of China society to a certain extent, and also provided preparatory conditions for the rise of the Revolution of 1911.

5. Xinhai Revolution

China Lunar New Year (the third year of Qing Dynasty), that is, from191to the beginning of 19 12, was a national revolution aimed at overthrowing the absolute monarchy and establishing a * * * and political power. The Revolution of 1911 was a bourgeois democratic revolution in modern China. Politically and ideologically, it has brought immeasurable liberation to the people of China.