Modern logistics system has four characteristics: (1) long span. Modern logistics is a long-span system, which is reflected in two aspects: one is the large geographical span, and the other is the large time span. The system is difficult to manage and highly dependent on the network. (2) It is dynamic. The logistics system is unstable and dynamic. The logistics system connects multiple production enterprises or users. With the changes of demand, supply and channels, the elements of the system and the operation of the system often change, and it is difficult to be stable for a long time. (3) separability. Modern logistics system belongs to the intermediate level category and can be divided into several subsystems. (4) complexity. The elements of the logistics system are very complex, and its operating objects (objects) are all over the social material resources, which finally integrates the complexity of the national economy and brings the complexity of the logistics system.
Logistics management has five new features: (1) systematization of decision-making-pursuing the overall optimization of enterprise logistics activities; (2) Conforming to the marketing concept-planning and evaluating the enterprise logistics system from the enterprise marketing strategy and target market demand; (3) Emphasize operational benefits-regard logistics as a market operation behavior, not an engineering work. Reducing cost is the key point of logistics decision. Logistics cost accounts for about 50% of the total marketing cost. (4) Customer service is one of the main business contents. Logistics marketing is essentially a kind of service marketing. The higher the customer service level, the higher the expected sales level. (5) Logistics management is developing towards informationization. The prominent feature of modern logistics management is systematic and computerized information management.
This paper analyzes the new characteristics of modern logistics from the perspective of the development trend of logistics industry: (1) M&A characteristics of logistics enterprises. The global logistics enterprise M&A is surging, which increases the scale of the enterprise, reduces the operating cost and has a wide range of business operations. It can better adapt to the trend of diversified customer needs. (2) The third party logistics is dominant. The third party logistics (contract logistics or distribution socialization) plays an important role in the development of international logistics industry. 30,000 logistics will not only save operating costs, reduce traffic congestion, save energy and protect the environment, but also become the leading role in the international logistics industry. (3) The logistics industry is characterized by "no inventory". The future development of logistics industry will depend on the technical support of e-commerce. Make the workflow of logistics enterprises procedural and continuous, and make logistics enterprises respond to market changes quickly and make corresponding adjustments in time. Logistics service tends to be "timely" and logistics industry tends to be "no inventory".
As we all know, the logistics industry is relatively dependent on information technology. Therefore, while logistics companies have mushroomed, a large number of logistics information service providers have emerged. A large number of IT companies have developed or represented foreign mature products by themselves. We provide various warehouse management and transportation management systems, order management systems, satellite positioning systems, bar code management systems, etc. For domestic customer enterprises, these systems can only solve the information processing problem at the logistics transaction level. Even the current fiery ERP system, its value is only reflected in the generation of the master production plan and the procurement requirements around the master production plan, and its financial management is centralized through orders.
Yi Jie spent three months investigating the logistics information systems of domestic manufacturing and circulation enterprises, including SAP, Oracle and Baan, which successfully implemented well-known ERP systems. We find that the following problems are not supported by the system, and it is difficult to solve them well within the scope of ERP itself because of the limitation of ERP design concept.
Through investigation, we also found that almost all enterprises applying ERP have not established a basic supply chain planning dispatching system. It is impossible to produce consumer electronics or consumer goods strictly according to orders. Even Dell's direct sales model requires 8 days of inventory. Because consumers and even retail stores can't stand waiting for a delivery cycle that includes a complete production and logistics process. Therefore, on the basis of forecasting, it is necessary to consider the planning and scheduling of various constraints, including inventory planning, procurement planning, transportation planning and so on. But at present, these plans are basically in a primitive and completely artificial state in domestic enterprises, and only the results of planning and scheduling are reflected in ERP.
Most logistics information service providers consider the logistics problem from the IT perspective, and can only see some superficial phenomena, but if they really want to solve such problems as: how many levels of warehouses are set? How many/much? In which cities? Cross-checking or stocking? Daily replenishment or vehicle replenishment? Choose road transportation or railway? What kind of strategy is formulated to control inventory? And so on. The problem that has been bothering enterprises for a long time must go deep into the actual operation of logistics. Only through some operating systems to improve transaction efficiency, but also to reduce logistics operating costs. The real logistics solution is not to use IT to support logistics, but to use IT system to create a new logistics model.
Promoting the modernization of logistics in China and establishing an efficient supply chain system is not just a simple slogan, but a step-by-step process from the idea of supply chain reform to the formation of a clear supply chain strategy, from the strategy to the feasible implementation plan of the system, from the plan to the concrete implementation of organizational structure, IT system and operation mode, and then to the creation of real benefits and competitive advantages reflected in enterprise financial statements.
It is not difficult to predict that with the brand concentration, capital reorganization, the rise of retail and China's entry into WTO, various industries in China are undergoing the most exciting and tremendous changes after the reform and opening up, and new business models and industry leaders will be born in the next 5- 10 years.
Different from the past, supply chain innovation has become the most beautiful theme in industrial transformation for the first time.
In the next three years, in the field of consumer electronics, the most successful manufacturers and retailers will achieve sustained profits and growth in the market where consumers' personalized requirements are constantly improving, prices are constantly falling, and competitors are unable to support huge losses. Because of their efficient supply chain, the journey from offline to consumers will be shortened from more than 60 days to less than 15 days, and the total cost of supply chain will be reduced by two-thirds.
In the next five years, we only need to buy a mid-range domestic car at less than half the current price, and we can get first-class service in any corner of China, because the best automobile manufacturers, together with their best spare parts partners and the best after-sales maintenance network, will establish an integrated supply chain cooperation system from today's fragmented pure trade relationship, thus crowding out high-cost automobile manufacturers, fake and shoddy spare parts dealers and unreliable automobile repair shops.
In the next five years, we will see more than a dozen most creative logistics enterprises develop rapidly in China. Although their business income today may be only tens of millions of dollars, which is insignificant to the overall market, they will gradually integrate millions of transportation companies, and their professional outsourcing services will become a necessary operating platform for supply chains in various industries, eventually occupying half of the overall logistics market in China.
We will also see that regional logistics hubs gradually replace chaotic and inefficient freight terminals and parking lots, and supply chain innovation is promoting the transformation of industrial clusters. Behind all the changes, it is an unchangeable goal to reduce costs internally and open up profit margins externally, and supply chain cooperation is a weapon to make the ideal come true.
Investigation and Analysis of Enterprise Resource Planning in Yi Jie;
In order to clarify the role of ERP in logistics, Yi Jie conducted a survey on 1 1 manufacturing and circulation enterprises, among which 9 enterprises have the following characteristics:
1, the company's business scale is in the top five in China;
2. They all adopt the most famous ERP system software in the world;
3. The management of the company thinks that the implementation of ERP is successful;
As can be seen from the following survey results, only two enterprises are satisfied with the warehousing and transportation functions of ERP, and intend to continue to apply it. The remaining enterprises have either established a special WMS system or are ready to adopt it.
In addition, only 1 enterprises have used the ERP planning module, two are ready to use it, and the rest are either ready to use it or have already adopted it.
At the same time, in the survey, none of these enterprises that have successfully implemented ERP think that they have established a supply chain management system, and the supply chain execution based on warehousing and transportation and the supply chain scheduling based on inventory plan have not been applied.