Structure: it is two rooms and two halls-left and right atria and left and right ventricles. It has four doors-aortic valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve and tricuspid valve. It has walls-atrial wall and ventricular wall (myocardium). It has water pipes-blood vessels of the heart. It laid wires-the electrical conduction system of the heart.
First, the door of the heart, the technical term is called the valve. If the door is not wide enough, the access space will become smaller, which is called valve stenosis. If the door is not closed tightly and leaks air, it is called incomplete closing/backflow. If the door falls off, it is called valve prolapse, which can also cause incomplete closure and reflux.
maintenance instruction
Mode A: Mild symptoms, suitable for drug treatment.
Mode B: Severe insufficiency, regurgitation or prolapse (below), which requires surgery, and generally adopts plastic replacement, which belongs to overhaul! There are differences between domestic and imported valves, as well as differences between biological valves and mechanical valves.
Second, the wall of the heart is called myocardium. If there is a hole in this wall, air leaks and rain leaks, which is called atrial septal defect/ventricular septal defect. If the wall is too thick, the room becomes smaller, which is called hypertrophy. It may be that the wall is thick when building a house. This is called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. If the wall is too thin, the room is big, but it is very fragile and has no shrinking power. This is called dilated cardiomyopathy.
Maintenance mode:
Mode A: Mild symptoms, generally treated with drugs.
Mode B: If it is serious, intervention or surgery is needed to block the missing part and remove the hypertrophy part, which belongs to overhaul!
Mode C: The heart is scrapped and transplanted with a new one.
Third, the water pipes of the heart, that is, blood vessels, are used to transport blood and nourish the myocardium. Water pipes will inevitably age after being used for a long time, which is called arteriosclerosis. Even if you always pour "garbage" into it, it may narrow the water pipe and block it, which is called arterial plaque. If the water pipe is narrow, the water flow will not be smooth; Cut off the water pipe if it is blocked! Without blood nutrition, the myocardium will be ischemic or even necrotic!
Maintenance mode:
Mode A: Conservative drug therapy or thrombolytic therapy. Drug therapy can regulate blood pressure, blood lipid and blood sugar, and give the heart a clean chance.
Mode B: Stent, which opens the coronary artery on the heart surface, especially for acute myocardial infarction, rapid and effective stent implantation can effectively prolong the life of patients.
Mode C: Bypass: Take a blood vessel from other parts, pass through the blocked blood vessel, and establish a new channel to ensure the normal passage of blood needed by the heart.
Fourthly, the circuit of the heart is called ECG conduction system. Sinus node is a generator. So it's called normal rhythm and sinus rhythm. Guided by this circuit, the heart contracts and relaxes. If there is something wrong with the circuit, there may be abnormal heart rhythm, frequency or excitation sequence, and bradycardia and sinus arrest may occur. Or tachycardia, arrhythmia, etc.
maintenance instruction
Mode A: Pacemaker, divided into single cavity, double cavity and triple cavity.
Mode B: radiofrequency ablation, which is mainly suitable for arrhythmia diseases such as supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia.
The heart is the most complicated instrument in the human body. The Department of Cardiology of Jixi People's Hospital is a professional place for heart maintenance.