Crusades (Latin: Cruciata；; 1096- 129 1) This is a series of battles licensed by the Roman Catholic Pope. Feudal lords and knights in western Europe waged a religious war against a country (the Eastern Mediterranean) that they thought was a pagan for nearly 200 years. The original members of the Crusaders, such as knights, merchants, peasants, etc., mostly volunteered to take part in the war to recapture the holy land at the invitation of the Byzantine Empire. These crusaders were not the main force of the Byzantine Empire. Orthodox Christians also took part in several crusades.
Soldiers who participated in this war were all equipped with crosses, so they were called crusaders. Crusaders, mainly Roman Catholic forces, occupied Muslim-ruled West Asia and established some Christian countries, so they were also compared to "the cross against the new moon". But it also involves the conquest of "Christian heresy", other heretics and "hostile forces" against other Catholic churches and feudal lords. For example, the goal of the Fourth Crusade was the orthodox Byzantine Empire.
The original purpose of the Crusaders was to recover Jerusalem, the holy land occupied by Muslims. When the Turkish Muslims in Dancel won the military victory over the Christian Byzantine Empire in Anatolia, the Crusaders were ignited in response to Byzantine's request for help. In the Levant region, protracted fighting is intermittent. [Note 2] In war, the boundary between enemies and friends is not completely defined by religion. For example, during the Fifth Crusade, Christians allied themselves with the Sultanate of Rome. Although the crusade took the slogan of defending religion and liberating the holy land, it actually focused on political, social and economic purposes. With a certain degree of plunder, all the groups participating in the Crusades have their own purposes. Even in the fourth crusade in 1204, Constantinople, the capital of Byzantine Catholicism and Orthodox Church, was looted. By 129 1, Akka, the last bridgehead of the Christian world on the Syrian coast, was captured, and the fate of the Crusader countries ended. The Crusades had a far-reaching social, economic and political impact on the western Christian world.
Knights Templar (French: Ordre du Temple；; 1119-1314), the full name of which is "The Order of the Poor in the Temple of Christ and Solomon" (Latin: paupers es communes Christi Templique Solomon ici), is a Catholic military order that existed in the Middle Ages and is one of the three famous knights. Its members are called "Templars", while senior members are allowed to wear white robes marked with the Red Cross. The Knights Templar was once one of the richest and most influential Catholic military monks in European history. During its nearly 200 years of existence, it had a great influence on the European economic system in the Middle Ages.
The Knights Templar was founded after the First Crusade (1096- 1099), and was mainly composed of French knights who believed in Catholicism. Its leaders were originally stationed in the corner of Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. Legend has it that it was built on the temple of King Solomon, hence its name. 1 129, the knights templar got the official support of the holy see and had many privileges, so they quickly increased their scale, power and wealth and even developed the earliest banking industry.
The Knights Templar is closely related to the fate of the Crusaders. 129 1 year, the holy land fell, they lost their base areas, and finally fell victim to the financial problems of French king Philip IV. 1307, many of its members were arrested in France and burned at the stake on charges of heresy after a cruel trial.
13 12, Pope Clement V of avignon was pressured by Philip IV to dissolve the Knights Templar. This religious and military organization, which has been active for nearly two centuries, has since disappeared in major regions of Europe, and its tragic ending has spawned many related legends and literary works.
Paladin (French: Paladin; In European history, it refers to the twelve warriors who followed Charlemagne around 800 AD. Charlemagne's story is widely circulated in the official history of Christianity, which is mixed with many stories such as myth, magic and love. Charlemagne's guards and cronies are knighted. They first appeared in early martial arts songs, such as Song of Roland, representing Christian fighters against Saracens tribes. Later, paladins became the mainstream object of praise in ancient legendary literature, and they were adapted to refer to many historical battles. Chivalrous literature, which shows courage and sacrifice, has become a trend and lasted for a long time.
With the rise of modern fantasy literature, paladins have evolved into sacred warriors fighting for light and justice, dressed in ornate silver armor with carved flowers, and paying attention to the cultivation of faith in addition to martial arts. Paladins in western literature can be said to be a combination of priests and soldiers. They can use some sacred magic, and most of them use blunt weapons without blood as weapons. The eastern version of the paladin also believes in light and sacredness, but the weapons are mostly fought with swords or spears, and the image is closer to that of medieval knights.
The earliest legend about them is Fierabras, and the time is about 1 170. The names of the Twelve Warriors vary from legend to legend, sometimes exceeding twelve. All the paladin stories in Charlemagne have stories of Roland and Oliver; Other frequent figures include Archbishop Du Ping, Danish ogier, Horn of Bordeaux, Ferrabra, Renault of Montaubin and Gong Long.