Reporter (hereinafter referred to as reporter): In 2004, what prompted you to write "Sichuan People's Congress Anti-Japanese War"?
Zheng Guanglu (hereinafter referred to as Zheng): There are two opportunities. First, the editor of a newspaper in Chengdu invited me to write about War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Sichuan Army. At that time, there were few such articles, and I looked up a lot of information. On July 4th, 2004, on the eve of the 67th anniversary of the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a newspaper in Chengdu published my commemorative article "Sichuan People's Anti-Japanese War", which caused great repercussions and heated discussions. The Sichuan media also published many discussion articles, arguing that War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of Sichuan, should become the "city spirit" of Chengdu. All these show that the history of Sichuan People's Congress's Anti-Japanese War was unknown before, and people from all walks of life were eager to know.
Another reason is that a university asked me to give a report on the history of the Anti-Japanese War. I asked college students, "Do you know what contribution Sichuanese made to the War of Resistance?" Some people are at a loss, while others are in distress situation: "What contribution? Pull the able-bodied man, and captain Lu flirt with sister-in-law Ah, and that crazy commander Hal who sings Sichuan Opera in women's underwear and urinates on the gun head ... "It is not enough for us to just condemn the Japanese government for not facing up to history on textbooks and other issues. Every country has its own plans and ideas for educating future generations. The key is how we educate our future generations. Our predecessors once sang march of the volunteers, who built the Great Wall with flesh and blood and fought bloody battles. If today's China people don't know the national humiliation and national tragedy, and don't understand the outstanding contributions and tragic sacrifices made by their predecessors, it is not only sad, but even dangerous. We advocate patriotism every day. If a nation forgets its history of resisting aggression so easily, then the so-called "patriotism" is just a slogan. We talk about loving our hometown every day. If even the history of Sichuan, the largest national war base in history, is so easily forgotten, then the so-called "love for hometown" is even more empty talk.
Reporter: At that time, there was almost no research work on War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a native of Sichuan.
Zheng: I decided to write a book that comprehensively and systematically introduced the important position and historical achievements of Sichuan's home front in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China, a book suitable for ordinary readers and teenagers. This book has more than 200,000 words and was published by Sichuan People's Publishing House in February 2005. As a key bibliography to commemorate the 60th anniversary of China's victory in the Anti-Japanese War, this book won the 10th "Five One Project Award" and the 5th "Sichuan Literature Award" in Sichuan Province, which was reprinted by hundreds of publications, newspapers and the Internet, and also became a common reference for many academic papers. On the marble of the Monument to the Soldiers of Sichuan Army killed in the Anti-Japanese War in Chengdu People's Park, there is a description of "A Record of the Anti-Japanese War of Sichuan People's Congress".
Reporter: You spent a lot of time from Sichuan People's Congress Anti-Japanese War to Sichuan Great Anti-Japanese War. ...
Zheng: This 400,000-word Sichuan Anti-Japanese War is not a simple reprint of Sichuan People's Congress Anti-Japanese War. It really took a lot of effort. Many chapters have been rewritten and many precious historical materials and pictures have been added. Sichuan Anti-Japanese War is more rigorous and substantial, and it is better than Sichuan People's Congress Anti-Japanese War in readability and historical value.
"History of Anti-Japanese War" in Precious Historical Materials
Reporter: Sichuan Anti-Japanese War can be said to be the most complete long monograph describing this real history so far.
Zheng: This book has a long history (from the eve of the Anti-Japanese War to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the endings of some historical figures are even longer); It has a wide area (from the Sichuan army, which fought bloody battles in the anti-Japanese front all over the country, to Sichuan in the rear area); There are many aspects (involving historical figures, events, tragic battlefield scenes in Sichuan before and after the Anti-Japanese War, and even folk customs and historical mysteries) ...
I searched hard, bought a batch of "extra" periodicals about Japanese invasion of China, and found a book, History of Sichuan Army, which was written by 194 1 based on a large number of first-hand battlefield reports and eyewitness accounts. This is very real and historic. For example, there have been two sayings about Wang's death: "heroic sacrifice" and "suicide", and the movie "A bloody battle in Taierzhuang" is called suicide. "Historical Records of the Sichuan Army" revealed: "... the enemy was outnumbered and died at 3 pm on June 5438+07. The enemy boarded the city from two gaps in the southeast city and fled to the west city. My chief of staff, Zhao, two brigade commanders and the head of the team, Wang, were all killed. Teacher Wang was shot in the abdomen, and Wang Xuan witnessed the general trend. Cheng Wei was difficult to defend, and he was seriously injured. He didn't want to fall into the hands of the enemy, so he committed suicide with a pistol. On his deathbed, he still shouted:' Fight to the end!' ……"
What is particularly shocking is that the book reveals the tragic feat of ordinary soldiers of the Sichuan Army: after the Japanese army broke the city, hundreds of officers and men of the Sichuan Army were seriously injured, and their uniforms were broken and scarred. "They didn't want to be killed by ferocious enemies, all of them blew themselves up with grenades" and all of them "died in difficulties" and disappeared into the rumbling explosion smoke. ...
Reporter: At present, the film and television dramas on the theme of the Anti-Japanese War are far from the facts. ...
Zheng: The bloody battle of tengxian led by Wang is the most tragic and glorious page in the history of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China. At present, many anti-Japanese film and television dramas are mostly "divine" plots: tearing devils with bare hands, bombing planes with grenades, climbing over the eaves and killing people with white blades ... War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is a very painful experience in the history of our nation, and there is no place for obscenity and banter without a bottom line. The tragic historical truth revealed in Historical Records of the Sichuan Army is a powerful medicine for these "anti-Japanese films" that are shoddy and entertain the history of suffering.
Reporter: You mentioned "Ballad against the Enemy", a primary school reading material in Sichuan during the Republic of China. This is not only extremely rare, but also the most neglected "unpopular" in studying the history of anti-Japanese poetry in Sichuan.
Zheng: Ballad against the Enemy is published by Chengdu Experimental Primary School in Sichuan Province, with a total of 29 pages, and the cover is marked as "supplementary literature reading". The editors are Li, Lu, Wang and Zhao. They should be school teachers. The publication time is "the first edition in October, 27th, Republic of China" (i.e. 1938 10), and the price is marked as "net price of three cents". 1 September, 1938, the price of rice in Chengdu was 20 yuan per stone (1stone 167 Jin), and 0.03 yuan could buy two or two meters a month, so the price of books was cheap, unlike the current sky-high "teaching supplementary materials" which mainly focus on profit. How touching these songs are: "Send Home": "A tree with nine branches bears grapes and melons. I just want to make a big bomb so that I can send the barbarians back to their hometown. " "Lotus Blossom": "Lotus Blossom, here comes the devil. There are many devils, so I just call my brother. When the devils come less, I will ask my sister-in-law to unite with the devils and kill them as lightly as possible. " Sunshine: "There is sunshine everywhere, and guns in every household are unhealthy. My brother went to war with a gun, and my sister made uniforms with needles. My younger brother and sister are young and sing a song to scold the orientals. " "Don't lose": "Never mind, no guns, a hoe. Work hard to produce, and Li Jiangshan will not lose money. "
Sichuan Army Killed Japanese Lieutenant General in Mine War
Reporter: You mentioned the important historical fact that Naoko Sakai, a senior Japanese general, was wounded and killed by the Sichuan army on the frontal battlefield.
Zheng: Male, 192 1, from Rongchang County, Chongqing. 1After July, 1937, he studied in Chengdu Shuhua Middle School and was admitted to the Sichuan Army 2 1 Army, fighting side by side with hundreds of thousands of Sichuan athletes. In September 1938, 10, the Sichuan army defending the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River began to sink Japanese warships on both sides of the Yangtze River in August, with remarkable results. The Japanese army carried out a crazy sweep of the Sichuan army. In order to consolidate the artillery position of the Meishanhe Army, Hu, the general staff of the 23rd Army of Sichuan Army stationed in Qingyang, Anhui Province, led Zhang, a trainee staff officer, and a platoon of Independent Engineers 18 Battalion to sneak into the area to lay mines. According to Huang Shiwei's recollection:1May, 942, Sakai rate 15 division set out from Nanjing and Xiaoshan and went south along the west bank of the Yangtze River. Sakai once led his troops to "mop up" bestiality, and asked his men to have a rape contest in China, and named them "Tiger", "Leopard" and "Jackal". ...
Tang Shizun, commander-in-chief of the 23rd Army of Sichuan Army, strictly ordered: "The situation is critical. Our Sichuan Army 145, 146, 147 divisions must sacrifice their lives for the country and prevent the enemy from committing crimes in the north! " 2 1 Commander Chen of Sichuan Army 146 Division stubbornly blocked Changshan Sakai Division. 146 division commander Shi issued an urgent order: "Order the acting battalion commander of Battalion 8 to lead the engineers to set mines to kill the enemy!" Huang Shiwei immediately led engineers to set up dozens of mining groups.
On may 28th 10: 45, the Japanese army went to the fork in the road1500m north of Lanxi. There was a loud bang, and the air churned up, lifting the wine on horseback into the air! Sakai's war horse was killed on the spot, and Sakai died of excessive blood loss.
Mr Huang Shiwei, who has been living in Chengdu, told me this thrilling story excitedly. He also recited a seven-rhythm poem written to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War: "Japanese Chief Sakai led the arrogant soldiers, and the drums built their own virtue. Get to Fuchun to fight tigers, and get to Jiangxi, Zhejiang to fight dragons. Kua China rode, but I didn't expect to bury Haijing with thunder. Guo Jing's gods add ghosts, and the grass is dying and famine! "
"Running Alarm" and "Famous Snacks"
Reporter: There are many folk records of the War of Resistance in Sichuan. ...
Zheng: "Running the alarm" has greatly broadened the urban area of Chengdu. For example, in the western suburbs, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, an old man surnamed Huang built a thatched cottage next to a bamboo forest to sell tea, which became a "Modianzi" (Xiaochang Town) over time and was called a "tea shop". "Running the alarm" has made the horrible Yaodianzi streets and lanes more, and shops are everywhere, which suddenly "prospered" ... Chengdu garrison headquarters once moved here. Sanwayao, Liulixiang, Shahepu and Longquanyi outside the East Gate, Hongpailou and Cluster Bridge outside the South Gate, Wukuai Stone and Tianhui Town outside the North Gate, etc. , are similar to the tea shop. Many snacks in Chengdu were used to satisfy hunger when "running the alarm", and later developed into "famous snacks".
Reporter: "wartime snack bars" are everywhere. There are many kinds of steamed bread, steamed stuffed bun, Guo kui, cold noodles, bean jelly, hot and sour powder, tea eggs and boiled corn, and the prices are certainly high.
Zheng: Mr. Li Yuchuan pointed out that at that time, Zhao Jinshan opened "Dongzikou Zhao Liangfen" near the old Nanmen Bridge, which was very popular. In Wuhou Temple area, local farmers are busy cooking and waiting for tourists as soon as they hear the alarm. People slice rice with knives, commonly known as "Fang Ya rice". There is a "Zhangguokui" in South Street, and the business is better: make the guokui before the air raid, and then buy cold lung slices or shredded kohlrabi from Huangchengba. After the alarm sounded, the whole family went out in unison and peddled in the Baimulin area of Wuhou Temple to avoid air strikes and do business. There is also a company selling "noisy" sesame cakes in Caotang Temple and Longzhaoyan, which later developed into the famous "Supoqiao Crispy Sesame Cake". In Guojialinzi next to Liuxiang Cemetery, a Xiajiang man who fled to Sichuan set up a mat shed to sell "alarm" food. He pulled the noodles as thin as hair, cooked them as soon as they were served in hot pot, and then poured them with minced meat, shredded pork, fried sauce and shrimp soup. It can be said to be wartime food. Later, the boss introduced Guo Kui's steamed beef, cold noodles with shredded chicken and braised pork, which became famous for a while. "Anti-Japanese fast food" embodies the indomitable survival spirit of the people in the rear area during the war years and constitutes one of the rich contents of "Anti-Japanese War Culture". (Chengdu, 20 13, May 22nd)
In recent years, Mr. Zheng Guanglu has published many books, such as Old Stories of Sichuan, Old Stories of Chengdu, The Truth of Zhang Tuchuan, The Thunder that Exploded the Revolution of 1911-The Historical Truth of Sichuan Road Protection Movement. He devoted himself to the research and writing of history and culture for more than 30 years, and paid attention to the major historical events in Sichuan that had a great impact on the historical process of China. Because of his rigorous academic attitude, well-founded writing and literary appeal, his works are widely welcomed by the reading community.
The author has a good relationship with Zheng Guanglu. Whenever I encounter textual research problems, he can always solve my worries by memory or from his rich books and materials. Newspaper editors often ask him for contributions, which are often obscure topics, and he can always finish them well. He said it was all out of affection for local culture. He has a lot of precious materials, because he realized the importance of collecting literature and history materials during the Cultural Revolution, and he even traded his bike for some books on the spot. ...
All kinds of materials are collected in one room, and then through comparison, textual research, screening and oral records, his academic and writing characteristics are more and more clear.
He summed up the characteristics of his own scholarship, and there are roughly three points-
First, try to study history from the unique perspective of "grand historical view". The so-called "grand view of history" is to reflect the real history in a long-term, long-distance, multi-angle and panoramic way with awe of history. Insist on restoring history with historical truth instead of discussing history with "air-to-air" theory or subjective criticism. Only in this way can we stand the test of history.
Second, strive to make the writings authentic, historic and academic. Adhere to the use of rare first-hand information (original files, eyewitness memories, newspapers at that time, diplomatic historical materials, etc.). ) to reproduce history, and never use the usual simple narrative way of "talking about history" to avoid the defects of being thinner than historical facts and more important than comments in historical writings. While using real historical materials (including historical details that have been neglected) to restore history, many new academic viewpoints are also expounded according to historical materials. All kinds of historical facts strictly follow the principle of "there is a reason for it, and there is evidence for it", and in strict accordance with the requirements of academic works, notes are attached to the text, indicating the historical basis and data sources. For some controversial historical facts, we should never choose one based on subjective likes and dislikes, but various theories coexist for readers and researchers to verify and further explore.
Thirdly, in terms of research methods and writing skills, we insist on "unifying rigorous academic research with vivid forms of expression", hoping to objectively, truly, comprehensively and vividly reproduce fresh historical flesh and blood and become a valuable reference book for readers to understand the historical truth and experts and scholars at home and abroad.
These three experiences are precisely the crystallization of Zheng Guanglu's decades of painstaking efforts, and also the key to the success of his new book "Sichuan Anti-Japanese War". This reminds me of Sima Qian's pure writing road of "regardless of literature and history"