stringed instrument
String is a band in the band, which can be played alone in the form of a string band. String bands include:
The violin is divided into two parts: the first violin and the second violin. The former is often used to play the theme in music. Violin is a stringed instrument with the highest range and the richest expressive force. It is Wen Ya, deep, passionate and resolute.
Viola is a little bigger than violin, and its timbre is a little darker, which gives people a hazy feeling in softness. Mainly used for accompaniment, as the alto part of string ensemble, occasionally solo.
The cello is bigger than the viola, and the music is beautiful and profound. It is good at expressing sincere and warm feelings.
The double bass is the largest, and its height is equivalent to a person's height, so it needs to be played standing. It is the lowest alto instrument in the string band and the foundation of the whole symphony orchestra-the deepest bass, which can make the rhythm of music firm and prominent, and the timbre low and hazy.
The harp is an ancient musical instrument, which is played by plucking the strings with both hands. Its timbre is clear and clear, and it is good at playing chords to express the artistic conception of rippling blue waves.
woodwind instrument
Woodwind instruments are another family in the symphony orchestra, in which each member has a very rich and varied color.
The flute is crystal clear, as clear as a silver bell, soft, elegant and passionate. The flute can not only play fast and lively phrases, but also soft and beautiful lyric paragraphs, and often depicts various natural scenery in the title music, such as running water, bird singing, wind and rain, lightning and so on. The introduction part of the violin concerto "butterfly lovers" is to use the flute to describe the birds, flowers and mountains in the south of the Yangtze River.
Piccolo is an octave higher than flute. It is the decorative instrument with the highest range in the symphony orchestra. The sharp voice is often used to describe the marching of the army or the whistling of the wind.
The oboe is bright and fresh, resembling a shepherd's flute, which is easily reminiscent of rural scenery. It is good at expressing tender and sincere feelings. The oboe can not only play lyrical, soft and moving music passages brilliantly, but also express those humorous, grotesque, melancholy and contemplative feelings. Some musicians even think that the simplicity and harmony of oboe can't be expressed by any orchestral instrument. In Greg's pearls? We can hear wonderful oboe solo passages in the first suite of Golden Morning Music.
The timbre of the English pipe is slightly darker than that of the oboe, which has a meditative mood and gives people a feeling of melancholy and loneliness. Used to describe the feeling of recalling the past and present.
Clarinet is one of the woodwind instruments with the widest range, the richest expressive force and the most brilliant technique. It is both gentle and warm. Some parts of it are as gentle as oboe and as clear as flute. At the same time, it has a unique melancholy, which can best show the hidden affection in people's hearts. There is a bass clarinet with a deep and mysterious tone.
Bassoon is a bass instrument in woodwind group. Its midrange is rich, and the timbre in the high and low areas is a bit dull. Especially in its high-pitched area, the timbre is very dramatic, and it is called "the clown of the orchestra", and it is good at expressing banter and ridicule. Actors in humorous roles often choose the big tube. The theme of the interlude in the second act of Bizet's opera Carmen, and the dance of four cygnets in Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Sticker all have wonderful fragments of Bassoon performance.
brass instruments
The strength of brass instruments in the orchestra exceeds the sum of woodwind instruments and stringed instruments, and it is an indispensable instrument when it is necessary to show the strength of the orchestra, generally including horn, trumpet, trombone and tuba. Among them, the horn is the link between the "copper" pipe and the "wood" pipe. In symphony orchestras, brass instruments often appear independently. The brass group has a unique personality. It has a unique function in music, showing magnificent, magnificent, sacred and warm emotions. At the same time, it can also create a deep, solemn, gloomy and horrible atmosphere, and sometimes it is good at lyric, praise, nostalgia and narrative music.
French horn belongs to alto instrument, which is the gentlest and most poetic brass instrument. Its timbre is sweet and charming, which often brings tenderness and nostalgia to the audience. Horn is suitable for playing long melodies such as songs, grand and even angry call sign melodies, and also for expressing serious and solemn atmosphere or humorous and grotesque musical images. In some headline music, horns are often used to describe natural scenery, such as sunrise, night, forest, river and ocean, or to imitate hunting horns, trumpets and distant echoes.
Trumpet has a fierce and loud voice and golden color. It is good at expressing the call of battle, the advance and victory of the army and the scene of triumph. In "Zarathustra says this", it outlines the magnificent scenery of a red sun bursting out.
The timbre of trombone is similar to that of trumpet, with bright and powerful timbre, majestic momentum and majestic power. It is often used to play those magnificent, resolute, unrestrained, magnificent and epic melodies. Trombone can also describe a solemn, solemn, deep and sinister atmosphere. For example, the theme of "feudal forces" extended in the middle of violin concerto "Butterfly Lovers" is played with trombone.
The tuba is the lowest sound in the brass instrument group, and the sound is heavy and heavy. If exaggerated, it can also make people feel funny. In Night on a Barren Mountain, Musorgskiy played a gloomy tone with tuba and trombone, symbolizing the image of the "king of darkness" worshipped by demons.
percussion instrument
Percussion instrument is an important part of modern orchestra. In orchestras, most of them play the role of decoration and strengthening rhythm to emphasize or highlight the overall outline of music. According to its musical performance, it can be divided into two types: one is fixed pitch, such as timpani; The other is that there is no fixed pitch. They make a noise that can make people feel happy and give something a unique personality.
Timpani, symphony orchestras usually use a group (3 ~ 4) of timpani with different pitches, which is rich in dynamics. Timpani is often used to gradually strengthen and weaken the sound of the whole band, which can cause overwhelming momentum when it is gradually strengthened; When it fades, it can be reduced from a loud sound to a faintly audible sound. The rolling of timpani is very expressive. When playing strongly, it is deafening like thunder in the distance, and when playing weakly, it can vividly show the gloomy, horrible, mysterious and distant artistic conception.
Triangle iron, a triangular steel bar, is struck with a metal bar, making a crisp and pure sound, which is very penetrating. It can make the sound of the orchestra more elegant and beautiful, and paint the music with clear and gorgeous colors.
Drums can be used to imitate the surging waves and the roar of artillery, and also to render a warm atmosphere.
The snare drum has a strong, clear and diverse rhythm effect, which is used to increase the sense of rhythm of music. In the March, the bright rhythm of the tambourine makes the pace more firm, and the rhythmic drums of the tambourine are often used to create the scene of running horses.
Besides, percussion instruments include tambourines, castanets, cymbals, gongs, bells, Zhong Qin, xylophone and piano.