The United States was the first country to establish a coast guard. The United States Coast Guard is the originator of coast guards in various countries, the only comprehensive law enforcement agency in the United States, and one of the most powerful maritime law enforcement teams in the world today. The US Coast Guard is one of the five largest armed forces in the United States, and it is also one of the subordinate departments of the Department of Homeland Security, the largest department of the US federal government. As the originator of the Coast Guard, the United States Coast Guard is a model for the construction of maritime law enforcement teams in many countries. Among the five armed forces in the United States, it is the only one with law enforcement power and the only one that is not controlled by the Department of Defense.
The history of the United States Coast Guard is very complicated. It was formed by the gradual merger of five different federal agencies, and the competent departments have been changed several times.
1789 On August 7th, an organization responsible for lighthouse business was established, which was later called American Lighthouse Service Company, and was subordinate to the Ministry of Finance.
17901August 4, 1990, a maritime customs enforcement agency was established under the Ministry of Finance, which was later called the Tax Inspection Department.
1838 On July 7th, an organization responsible for steamboat safety was established, which was later called the steamboat inspection service and was subordinate to the Ministry of Justice. On August 30th, Kloc-0/852 was transferred to the Ministry of Finance.
American lifesaving service, established in June 1878, belongs to the Ministry of Finance.
Waterway Bureau was established on July 5th, 1884, and it is under the Ministry of Finance.
On February 4th, 1903, the Ministry of Commerce and Labor was established. BoN and SIS were transferred to the Ministry of Commerce and Labor.
1915 65438+1On October 28th, President Woodrow Wilson signed the "Establishment of Coast Guard" bill passed by Congress on1October 20th, and USL-SS and RCS merged to formally establish the United States Coast Guard, which is under the Ministry of Finance.
1965438+On April 6, 2007, the Coast Guard was handed over to the control of the Admiralty. 1965438+returned to the Ministry of Finance on August 28th, 2009.
1on June 30th, 932, BoN and SIS merged into the Bureau of Navigation and Ship Inspection, which was under the control of the Ministry of Commerce. May 27th 1936 was renamed as the Maritime Safety Administration.
In July 1939, 1, USLS was incorporated into the Coast Guard.
194 1 year 1 month1day, the coast guard was placed under the jurisdiction of the admiralty.
1942 On February 28th, Bomin was temporarily assigned to the Coast Guard.
1 946 65438+1October1,the coast guard returned to the Ministry of Finance.
1July, 946 16, Bomin was officially incorporated into the Coast Guard.
In April 1967, the Coast Guard was transferred to the newly established Ministry of Communications.
On March 1 2003, the Coast Guard was placed under the newly established Department of Homeland Security.
The size of the US Coast Guard
The flag of the United States Coast Guard is equivalent to the badge of the American police, and it is a symbol of law enforcement. The flag of the Coast Guard consists of 65,438+06 red and white vertical bars (when the flag was designed, there were 65,438+06 states in the United States), the dark blue American national emblem with white characters on a white background in the upper left corner, and the Coast Guard badge with double anchors on the second red road on the right.
The United States Coast Guard has a large number of ships of various types. Among them, large and medium-sized ships (more than 65 feet in length) are called Cutter, whose name is prefixed with USCGC, and there are about 200 active ships. Small ships are called boats, and there are about 1400 ships in active service. The US Coast Guard also has more than 200 fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. China National Marine Police in People's Republic of China (PRC), referred to as "China National Marine Police" for short, is a new institution established in accordance with the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress, the new round of reform plan of "multi-ministry system" and the plan of institutional reform and functional transformation in the State Council. The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the National Marine Police will be established by integrating the China Maritime Supervision Corps of the State Oceanic Administration, the Marine Fisheries Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Frontier Defense Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security and the Anti-smuggling Bureau of the General Administration of Customs. Accept the business guidance of the Ministry of Public Security. The official English name is China Coast Guard.
201March 14 The first meeting of the 12th National People's Congress adopted the plan for institutional reform and functional transformation in the State Council;
Reorganize the State Oceanic Administration. In order to promote the unified law enforcement at sea and improve the efficiency of law enforcement, the team and responsibilities of the State Oceanic Administration and its China patrol, the border police of the Ministry of Public Security, the China Fishery Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture and the General Administration of Customs were integrated, and the State Oceanic Administration was re-established and managed by the Ministry of Land and Resources. The main responsibilities are to formulate marine development plans, implement maritime law enforcement, supervise and manage the use of sea areas and marine environmental protection. The State Oceanic Administration carries out law enforcement on maritime rights protection in the name of the China National Marine Police and receives professional guidance from the Ministry of Public Security.
In order to strengthen the overall planning and comprehensive coordination of marine affairs, a high-level deliberation and coordination body, the National Oceanographic Commission, was established to study and formulate a national marine development strategy and coordinate major marine issues. The specific work of the State Oceanic Administration shall be undertaken by the State Oceanic Administration.
20 13 In the early morning of July 22nd, with the five-star red flag Ran Ran rising in Ran Ran of Tiananmen Square, two brand-new brands "State Oceanic Administration" and "China Marine Police" were put up in the office building of State Oceanic Administration.