First of all, the war 50 years ago
Nothing can understand the pain of a country or a nation's backwardness better than its army.
1952 In the second half of the year, the Korean War entered a stalemate stage. For China and North Korea, China took advantage of the Yalu River at the end of 1950. Under the harsh facts, even Comrade Kim Il Sung, who started the war first, gave up his wishful thinking of "reunifying Korea and liberating the South". At this time, the Oriental Group has to face: under the strong military pressure of American imperialism, can we hold the bridgehead of Zen in East Asia?
Although our propaganda was so optimistic that decades later, we thought that we could accomplish the great cause of the Korean people's reunification as long as we were willing, but history will tell people the truth: the situation at that time was so grim.
Pointing to the map of North Korea, Peng told Qin Jiwei, commander of the 15 Army, "Wusheng Mountain is the gateway to the central line of North Korea. If we lose the five mountains, we will retreat 200 kilometers, and there is no danger. You must remember that whoever loses the Five Holy Mountains will be responsible for the history of North Korea. " From our point of view today, this seems to be just a threat, but the fact at that time was that in September and 10, the United Nations troops successively captured the "wyndell dichinson Ridge" and the "Broken Heart Ridge" which were heavily guarded by the North Koreans. Because the North Korean side prefers victory to defeat, it is now difficult to find a name for the two wars between China and North Korea, so we have to describe them as the United States. Although the United Nations troops lost thousands of people, there is no doubt that they have achieved their strategic goals. Their next goal is Wusheng Mountain, which the United States calls the "Triangle Mountain". Van Frith expects to achieve his goal in five days at the cost of 200 people. To this end, he used the US Seventh Division, the US 187 Airborne Regiment, the South Korean Second Division, the Ninth Division, the Canadian Infantry Brigade, the Philippine Battalion, the Colombian Battalion, the Abyssinia Battalion and other large troops of more than 70,000 people.
The volunteers made great mistakes in judging the enemy's situation. We concentrated almost all the artillery and most of the troops of the 15 Army in the West Valley, but only one 45th Division, which even Qin Jiwei himself admitted was not the main force, stayed in the direction of the Fifth Holy Mountain, with only 10,000 men.
According to Mao Xuan, the ratio of concentrating superior forces to annihilate the enemy is relatively determined to be three to four to one. At the foot of Vu Thang Mountain, the enemy concentrated six to seven times the superior forces, not to mention the advantages of artillery, planes and materials. There seems to be no need to talk about this battle.
195210 June 14 At 3: 30 in the morning, the fighting started.
Van Frith plans to capture two hills in front of Vu Thang Mountain-597.9 and 537.7 Beishan Highlands in one day. Behind these two highlands, there is a small mountain village with more than a dozen families called Shangganling. This campaign is called "Shangganling Campaign" in China and "Triangle Mountain Campaign" in the United States.
More than 320 US heavy artillery and 27 tanks poured steel at the two hills with a fire density of 6 rounds per second. Due to our misjudgment of the enemy's main attack direction, the troops along the front line failed to get strong artillery support for eight hours, killing more than 550 people a day.
All the telephone lines leading to the front positions were cut off, and Cui, the commander of the 45 th Division, could only watch the enemy climb to the front, leaving the soldiers to fight alone.
On this day, the enemy fired more than 300,000 shells and more than 500 aerial bombs at Shangganling, and the altitude of the main peak of Shangganling was cut by two meters, leaving nothing to grow.
Even so, it was not until four days later-10, 18, that the forward troops of the 45th Division retreated into the tunnel because of too many casualties, and lost all the surface positions for the first time. The fifteen infantry companies that the division has successively invested in are all disabled, with at most 30 people, and none of them can make up a class.
19 night, the 45th Division launched a counterattack.
On the No.9 position of 597 9 Highland, the American army hollowed out a bunker under the boulder at the top of the position, and our army's attack was blocked. This bunker was later shown in the film Shangganling.
/kloc-Long Shichang, a 0/9-year-old Guizhou Miao warrior, rushed up silently with an explosive bucket. The enemy's cannon blocked the shooting, and a shell blew his left leg knee high. Witnesses recalled decades later: "That bunker is just above the entrance of our main tunnel, 40 to 50 meters apart. The fire is burning on the highland, and it is clear from bottom to top. Looking at Long Shichang, he dragged his legs to get up and put the explosive barrel in the loophole. He was just about to leave when the explosive barrel was pushed out by the people inside, and there were bursts of smoke. He picked it up and poked it in, but he couldn't push it. Long Shichang resisted the pressure with his chest, and it burst when he pressed it. He was blown to pieces and we found nothing. "
In position 0, only 16 people were left in the sixth company of 135 regiment. During the blasting of four auxiliary bunkers, three blasting groups failed to get close to the bunkers, and all casualties were exhausted on the way. There are battalion chief, company commander Wan Fulai, company instructor and camper Huang Jiguang, company correspondent Wu Sanyang and Xiao. Everyone knows what happened afterwards, but Huang Jiguang didn't shout out the slogan that excited 450 million people: Let the people of the motherland wait for our good news! They blew up three bunkers at the cost of Wu Sanyang's sacrifice and minor injuries. When Huang Jiguang climbed to the last bunker, he was already wounded in seven places. He got up, propped up his upper body and said something to his comrades. Only the instructor Feng Yuqing realized: "Come on, Huang Jiguang wants to plug the loophole." After the sacrifice, there was no blood in Huang Jiguang's wounds, and there was no blood in front of the bunker-all the blood flowed out on the way.
At that time, most of the witnesses died in the later counterattack. Only Wanfulai was seriously injured and survived. In the hospital, he heard in the newspaper that Huang Jiguang was only a posthumously awarded "second-class hero", and was greatly dissatisfied. He wrote a letter to express his feelings. Huang Jiguang's "second-class hero" was revoked by the headquarters of the Volunteers, and he was posthumously awarded the title of "superhero"-only Yang Gensi and Huang Jiguang in our army have won this honor so far.
The History of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea compiled by 15 Army after the war said: "In the Battle of Shangganling, it became a common phenomenon to fire grenades, grenades, explosive packs and explosives at critical moments, and it became a common phenomenon to sacrifice one's life to blow up enemy bunkers and block enemy gun holes." Only the outstanding sons and daughters of such a nation can put personal life and death on the back burner.
On the morning of 20th, the enemy retaliated again, and the surface position of Shangganling fell again. The 45th Division did not have a complete company, and the 2 1 infantry company suffered more than half of the casualties. The United Nations Army invested 17 battalions, with 7,000 casualties, so that each company was less than 40. American journalist Wilson reported that a company commander called the roll, and only a staff sergeant and a private answered.
The battle entered tunnel warfare. This story is mainly reflected in the film Shangganling. 1 On the evening of October 24th, 65438 Qin Jiwei General Security Company added to1tunnel, and 120 people crossed two fixed artillery blockade lines, leaving only one platoon leader and 25 soldiers in the whole platoon.
The volunteers in the tunnel bought time for the rear. 10 year1October 30th, we counterattacked again.
We used 133 heavy artillery. Nicky, the captain of the 7th Division of the United States, told reporters in horror: "The artillery fire of China's army is like rain, and it happens every second. It's terrible. We have no hiding place at all. " The American army can't stand one shot per second, but our soldiers faced six shots per second on June 10+04.
Five hours later, the volunteers resumed the main peak. Early the next morning, the 3rd1Regiment of the 2nd Division of South Korea and Abyssinia Battalion began to counterattack and launched more than forty attacks. In the end, the Thirty-One Regiment, which devoted itself wholeheartedly, completely lost its fighting capacity until the end of the Korean War. 1 65438+1October1,the seventh division of the United States and the ninth division of South Korea launched a counterattack again. At dawn on the second day, our army fought back and recovered all the water positions in May 1997. The 10 company used for counter-offensive after the 45 th division was supplemented was also completely exhausted. 165438+1October 15, South Korea's Ninth Division and the United States 187 Airborne Division attacked in five ways, and the last company of the 45th Division was reinforced. At three o'clock in the afternoon, the company commander Zhao Heilin wrote a note on the enemy's body and sent someone back: I consolidated the main peak, but the enemy couldn't get up.
On that day, the Americans frankly admitted to the press: "So far, the Allies have been defeated in the Triangle Mountain."
There were three or four hundred people in the No.1 tunnel, and only eight people came out. When they left the ground, two people died under fire. When he arrived at the army, he was killed by biscuits and canned beef.
Grab the dirt and count 32 shrapnel. There are 38 1 bullet holes on a red flag, and more than 100 warheads and shrapnel are embedded in a trunk less than one meter.
In the Battle of Shangganling, there were many statements about the number of casualties on both sides, but without exception, they all exaggerated the losses of the other side and underreported their own losses.
Our battle report: more than 25,000 people were wiped out, 15 army casualties 1 1529 people, of which 52 13 people were killed. US Army Battle Report: More than 9,000 people were lost, and * * * Chen Party was killed or injured19,000 people. But there is no doubt that this 3.8-square-kilometer mountain has been soaked with blood.
Second, whose victory?
Pointing to the map of North Korea, Peng told Qin Jiwei, commander of the 15 Army, "Wusheng Mountain is the gateway to the central line of North Korea. If we lose the five mountains, we will retreat 200 kilometers, and there is no danger. You must remember that whoever loses the Five Holy Mountains will be responsible for the history of North Korea. "
During September 1952 and October 10/0, the North Korean army lost two heavily guarded passes one after another-on September 5, the United Nations troops captured the "wyndell dichinson Mountain" held by the North Korean army; 101October 13, the United Nations forces captured the "Sad Ridge". 65438+1October 65438+April, the United Nations troops attacked Shangganling, and the battle route was165438+1mid-October. After a hard battle, Americans admitted defeat.
We are responsible for the history of North Korea. North Koreans may not be responsible for their own history.
There are only the flags of North Korea and the United Nations at the negotiating table in Panmunjom. North Koreans believe that South Koreans are not worthy to be negotiating opponents. For China people, how can we show the greatness of "subject thought" if we overemphasize our achievements? They thought it was a great victory of Kim Il Sung's thought, that is, the "subject thought", so they took off the national flag of China. Shangganling is doomed to be forgotten by North Korean history books together with Sad Ridge and wyndell dichinson Mountain. But history will eventually return to its true colors. I can only hope that we will never forget the honor our ancestors won for our country in another land.
What do you mean by hero? He is a hero who can destroy the front line in Sharp and turn the tide in extreme danger.
Throughout the Battle of Shangganling, there was never a plane in the sky; Our tanks have no record of participating in the war; When our artillery was the largest, it was only a quarter of the enemy's. The U.S. military fired 1.9 million shells and more than 5,000 aerial bombs. We only had more than 400 thousand shells, and almost all of them were used later.
Millions of shells ravaged these two hills with a area of 3.8 square kilometers. These two hills should have been captured on the first day of Van Frith's battle plan, and they proved the courage of human beings with their own chess pieces.
After this campaign, the U.S. military never launched an attack on me at or above the battalion level, and the Korean war situation has since stabilized at the 38th parallel. This war laid the northern boundary of South Korea.
On the 1,000,000 map published by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1986, Wushan Mountain with an altitude of 106 1.7 meters was not found, but Shangganling was marked.
This is a magnificent mountain in history, and people can see her at a glance: "Oh, this is Shangganling!" " "
It turned out to be the 45th Division of the Second Class Army 15 Army, and the World War I was basically finished. But from then on, she strutted into the ranks of the first-class main force of China People's Liberation Army, because her record was Shangganling.
196 1 in March, the central military commission transferred three main forces of the first army, the fifteenth army and the thirty-eighth army from the whole army, and handed them over to Liu Yalou, commander of the air force, to select one and rebuild it into the first airborne troops in China.
The general chose 15 army because: "15 army is a force capable of fighting. They played a national prestige in Shangganling. Not only in China, but also the whole world knows that there is a 15 army. "
Ever since the country won its status, Americans have regarded China as one of the most powerful countries in the world-the standard of westerners is: to become a powerful country, you must defeat the army of another powerful country. Generals were honored, and decades later, General Qin Jiwei ascended the position of Minister of National Defense with ambition, which cannot be said to have nothing to do with Shangganling.
History can't remember the names of more than 10 thousand soldiers who died in the war. Their bodies have been wiped together with Mount Vu Thang on the Korean peninsula.
We don't have enough cannons or even enough anti-tank grenades. At that time, the only hope of the soldiers in the frontier position was to equip more grenades, because this thing was "bombed one by one", and bombing bunkers was much more powerful than grenades. But Huang Jiguang still has only one Grenade in his hand, because we can't make it, and we don't have that much money to import it. Americans can bomb a bicycle with a B-29, but the anti-tank grenades in our hands can only be reserved for enemy tanks, so bombing the bunker is an extravagant hope. American army correspondent Bevan. Alexander wrote: "When (China) troops attack, they usually rely mainly on light weapons, machine guns and grenades. Mortars are only used when dealing with the most favorable targets. "
Nothing can understand the pain of a country or a nation's backwardness better than its army.
This is our lovely soldiers-they never make peace with their own China, have no extravagant demands, never give up attacking because there is no air support, never complain about the lack of artillery firepower, never complain about the lack of supplies, and they will not give up their positions as long as they are alive ... They can even hide all night in the temperature of MINUS 20 degrees Fahrenheit in Changjin Lake; They can stay still in the fire; Every one of them is always ready to pick up the explosive barrel and die with the enemy. ...
Stage art is often exaggerated on the basis of reality, such as the American blockbuster Pearl Harbor. The historical fact is that the Japanese army lost 9 planes, 2 1 pilot, and none of them was a fighter, but you might as well borrow one and carefully count how many "zero" fighters Rafe and others killed! However, if we look at our films Shangganling and Heroes and Children, we can say that none of the heroic deeds in the films are fabricated by the directors. If they are not enough, they cannot completely reproduce the shock of six heavy artillery shells exploding every second on the screen.
In a narrow area of 3.8 square kilometers, more than 300 thousand bullets were dropped a day; 1 10,000 people, fighting more than 70,000 enemies; At the front, there are often one or two broken companies fighting with one or two Manchu regiments, with almost no artillery support and ammunition often not replenished. A bucket of water, a box of ammunition and an apple are often at the expense of several lives. ...
The victory in this situation can be said to be a miracle. Americans didn't lose to geography. They forgot what Napoleon said more than a hundred years ago: "China is a sleeping lion, and I hope she will never wake up."
Shangganling is not only the victory of one or two great men, but also the victory of dozens of generals. When a nation that has been brilliant for two thousand years falls behind and regains self-confidence, this power is terrible. What great men and generals have done is just to make rational use of this power.
Will the blood of Shangganling be forgotten? Fifty years have passed, and both soul and flesh have turned into a cool breeze and a bright moon. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary, I would like to pay tribute to the underground martyrs. I hope everyone can join me to get rid of the material desires in life for a while and recall that incredible time.
In memory of the great leader Chairman Mao and the people who gave their precious lives and blood for the liberation of the Chinese nation.
You will live in our hearts forever.
People's heroes are immortal! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !