"Pig farm biosafety" and "pig farm epidemic prevention" are two terms with different meanings. "Swine epidemic prevention" generally refers to the prevention and control of infectious diseases, mainly to prevent infectious pathogenic microorganisms from invading pig farms and preventing infectious diseases from spreading in pigs, while "pig farm biosafety" not only includes the prevention and control of infectious diseases, but also mainly refers to maintaining the health level of pigs themselves. Biosafety in pig farms includes epidemic prevention in pig farms, but it is not the same as epidemic prevention in pig farms.
The expression of bio-safety in pig farms means "the production that considers the health limit of pigs is the safe production of pigs". In the absence of a major epidemic, a group of pigs should be healthy. Because the pig-raising technology excessively pursues high-tech indicators and high efficiency, it challenges the health limit of pigs, ignores the supply and guarantee that its high production level should be fully exerted, exceeds the health tolerance of pigs, and damages the health of pigs. This kind of production is unsafe.
Biosafety management in pig farms is a concept of systematic management. Many pig diseases are not caused by infectious pathogenic microorganisms, but by bad environment, bad technical operation methods, inferior feed and other factors. These bad factors attack and destroy the original healthy pigs, and pathogenic microorganisms take advantage of it, causing greater safety accidents. To solve these problems, it is necessary to do a good job in pig farm system management.
Second, the importance of biological safety At present, the immune memory of high-selection pigs in large-scale pig farms for specific and non-specific resistance to diseases is decreasing from generation to generation, and the limited space and high feeding density further aggravate the reduction of pig resistance. All kinds of pig farms have problems such as epidemic disease, difficult treatment, poor reproductive performance and low production performance. At the same time, how to interrupt the three links of epidemic diseases through various means, establish a healthy pig herd, prevent the occurrence of epidemic diseases, ensure the normal production development of pig farms, and obtain higher production performance and economic benefits is a problem faced by every pig farmer, which is the basis and background for the establishment of biosafety system.
Third, how to do a good job in the biological safety of pig farms? Biosafety system of intensive pig farm is the general name of a collection system of methods to eliminate the threat of epidemic diseases, protect the health of pigs, ensure the normal development of pig farm production and give full play to production advantages. Generally speaking, it mainly includes two aspects: isolation and disinfection. To prevent harmful pathogenic microorganisms (including parasites) from entering the pig farm; Prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms (including parasites) in pig farms; Prevent pathogenic microorganisms (including parasites) from spreading to other pig farms.
Four. Matters needing operation in implementing biosafety system. Isolation: specifically, it includes the isolation of the pig farm itself from the external environment, the isolation of newly introduced breeding pigs inside the pig farm, the isolation of personnel, and the isolation of sick pigs from healthy pigs.
(1) Isolation of pig farm from external environment:
1. When choosing a pig farm, we should consider the obstacles of the natural environment. There should be no other farms and meat processing plants around, and the distance from the village and the main roads should be at least 1 km.
2. It is forbidden to keep animals such as birds, dogs and cats in isolation from the outside world, and do a good job in controlling pests such as rodents, mosquitoes, flies and blood-sucking insects. If possible, net covers can be set around and above the site to prevent birds from entering, effectively cut off the route of disease transmission and reduce the contact between pathogens and susceptible animals.
(2) Isolation of newly introduced breeding pigs in pig farms: introduction of quarantine isolation: pig farms should have special breeding pig isolation rooms. Before the introduction of live pigs, do a good job in investigating the epidemic situation in the place of origin to ensure that imported live pigs do not carry epidemic diseases. When they are taken to their destination, they should be kept in an isolation room for 30 to 60 days, preferably 60 days. After passing the quarantine inspection, each row of pigs should be mixed with 1 pig, so that foreign pigs can adapt to the microbial community in this field, and all kinds of vaccines should be inoculated during the quarantine period. The isolation room adopts the all-in and all-out system, and the batches should be strictly emptied, cleaned and disinfected.
(3) Isolation of personnel
1, the internal division of the farm should be clear, in order to produce the due epidemic prevention effect, especially the office area and living area of the production area should be clearly divided, and the production areas should be clearly divided, and the clean roads and dirty roads should be clearly divided to avoid the formation of epidemic prevention hidden areas.
2, pig farms should be fully enclosed management, it is strictly prohibited to personnel and vehicles in and out of the pig farm gate.
3. Personnel isolation: Personnel are dangerous, common and difficult to prevent in the spread of livestock and poultry diseases, and must be effectively controlled. The activities of pig farm personnel should be as follows: (1) Foreign personnel are not allowed to visit the production area and receive visitors, and stay at the designated place in the living area. (2) On-site employees are not allowed to eat purchased live pig products and keep pets. (3) When the production personnel enter the production area, they must take a shower and change the disinfected special work clothes, shoes and hats before entering. Work clothes, shoes and hats must be disinfected after each use. (4) The personnel and appliances in each production stage in the production area shall be fixed, and shall not be used together at will, and the appliances in each workshop shall not be borrowed or used interchangeably. When technicians need to check the condition of pigs, they must wear sterilized work clothes, hats and shoes. Check from healthy pigs to sick pigs, from piglets to big pigs, and enter different pig houses at the same time to be disinfected again. (5) The staff in the production area shall not provide services such as diagnosis and treatment. (6) Before entering the production area, employees in the production area should be isolated in the living area for 48 hours.
(4) Isolation of sick pigs: In order to prevent the disease from spreading and spreading in this field, it is necessary to establish an isolation house for sick pigs, and all sick pigs will be transferred to the isolation house, which will be kept and treated by special personnel until they are released.
Second, disinfection.
(a), hospital disinfection
1, disinfection of hospital personnel. A cement disinfection pool with the same width as the gate is set at the entrance. The disinfectant in the pool is replaced every 2-3 days, and sodium hydroxide can be selected. Personnel entering the site must change their shoes, step on the disinfection pool, and enter after disinfection in the ultraviolet disinfection room 15 minutes or spray disinfection. Personnel should also wash their hands and disinfect at any time after admission. The disinfectant used should be non-irritating and odorless to human skin, and hydrogen peroxide and bromogeramine (quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant) solution can be selected.
2. Vehicle disinfection. No vehicles are allowed to enter the production area, and the wheels and inside and outside of the carriage of foreign pig transport vehicles need to be fully sprayed and disinfected. Peracetic acid can be selected.
(2) Disinfection of production area
1, put an end to outsiders visiting the production area. Employees are not allowed to keep pets, enter slaughterhouses or carry animal products or articles that may be infected. Veterinarians in this field are not allowed to treat diseases outside. Pig buyers and vehicles are not allowed to enter the production area.
2. Workers who enter the production area from the living area must be disinfected, showered and changed (wearing work clothes) in the disinfection locker room before entering the pig farm.
3. The breeders in different pig houses are not allowed to gather together during the feeding time, and the utensils in each workshop are not allowed to be borrowed or cross-used: when technicians need to check the situation of pigs, they must wear sterilized work clothes, hats and shoes, and the inspection should be from healthy pigs to sick pigs, from piglets to big pigs, and they should be disinfected again when entering different pig houses.
4, equipment after soaking, spraying or ultraviolet direct irradiation disinfection rear can come into play.
5. Bags or straw mats soaked with disinfectant should be placed at the entrances and exits of sick pig houses and isolation houses. The disinfectant can be 3% caustic soda solution.
(3), pigsty disinfection
1, routine disinfection. Insist on cleaning the pigsty every day, keep the trough, net bed and utensils clean, and clean the ground, and choose disinfectant with high efficiency, low toxicity and broad spectrum for disinfection.
2, regular disinfection. Disinfect the environment around the pig farm and pigsty regularly, and disinfect the pigs in the pigsty regularly, 2 ~ 3 times a week. During the epidemic, delivery rooms and nursery rooms were disinfected l times a day, and other pig houses were disinfected l times every 2 days.
3, the implementation of unit feeding, all-in and all-out system. After each batch of pigs is transferred out, before the next batch is transferred to the pen, the ground, pen room, walkway, trough, utensils and sewers of the pigpen should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
4. When sows go to the delivery bed and piglets are transferred to other groups, the body surface of pigs should be disinfected. During sow production, it is necessary to ensure that the breasts and vulva of sows are clean and hygienic, strictly disinfected, dried and sent to the designated place.
5, syringes, needles, scalpels, scissors, tweezers, ear pliers, hemostatic forceps and other items of disinfection, after washing, boil in a disinfection pot for 30 minutes before use.
6. Piglets' ear piercing, tooth cutting, tail cutting and other injuries, as well as those of other pigs, should be disinfected in time to prevent infection. Rub with 5% iodine cotton ball several times until it is healed.
7. Before breeding, the lower abdomen, allantois and vulva of boars should be cleaned and disinfected. When using artificial insemination, we should have the concept of aseptic operation to avoid the influence of personnel, equipment and environment on semen quality.
(4) Disinfection during illness
When infectious diseases such as diarrhea occur, the pens of infected pigs shall be isolated and adjusted, and the pens shall be cleaned, washed, disinfected with drugs, disinfected with flame and dried. Cement bed surface and pigsty that is easy to dry after washing need to be washed with water. When the symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease ulcer appear, use 3% caustic soda water solution in the corridor of the house and disinfect the ground with Baidu. When respiratory diseases and other diseases occur, they should be cleaned, ventilated and disinfected with pigs. At this time, the concentration of disinfectant is l times higher than usual. When killing eggs, clean the ground, disinfect it with 3% caustic soda water solution, and then disinfect it with flame.
(5) Harmless treatment of wastes such as feces.
1, the manure can be disinfected by bio-thermal method (fermentation tank or manure pile method), and the pig manure accumulation place should be far away from the pigsty and disinfected regularly. Sewage can be treated by precipitation, filtration or chemical substances (2.5g bleaching powder per liter of sewage).
2. Disposal of dead pigs, stillbirths and fetal membranes. Strictly deal with dead pigs, stillbirths, fetal membranes and wastes, pack them in sealed bags, burn them or bury them deeply. Where sick pigs stay, after removing feces, sewage and dirt, thoroughly disinfect them with 4% sodium hydroxide solution; Manure and dirt are transported out of the pigsty through a dedicated driveway.
3. Garbage disposal. Domestic garbage should be placed in a designated place, burned regularly or transported to a special garbage disposal site for treatment. Always remove rubbish, sundries and weeds, and do a good job in environmental sanitation around the pigsty.
(6), disinfection matters needing attention
1, before disinfection, clean, soak, brush to remove surface attachments, thoroughly clean, disinfection work is almost half finished; Then prepare disinfectant for disinfection according to regulations. In the absence of epidemic diseases, the surrounding environment should be disinfected more than twice a month, mosquitoes and flies should be eliminated regularly, and the provisions of withdrawal period should be strictly implemented.
2. Indoor temperature, disinfection time, drug concentration and spraying amount have influence on disinfection effect. Room temperature 10 ~ 30℃, the higher the temperature, the better the disinfection effect. General drug action time is not less than 0.5 hours.
3, preventive disinfection, the use of medium concentration drug instructions, sick disinfection using the concentration instructions.
4, disinfection, should be comprehensive without dead angle.
5. Replace disinfectants every month to avoid drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms.
6. It is forbidden to use the "three noes" disinfectant without manufacturer, production date and specification.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) intensive animal husbandry puts forward higher requirements for biological safety. However, at present, the industry attaches great importance to biosafety and the corresponding applied technology research does not match the speed of intensive development. Many so-called biosafety measures are only "formalism" to some extent. Some practices can only seek a kind of "psychological comfort".
First, according to the established immunization procedures, livestock and poultry will be safe, and disinfection is not important.
Actually, immunity is not a panacea for all diseases. After immunization, the body produces a certain level of antibodies to prevent the occurrence of corresponding diseases. The level of antibody produced by immune response will be affected by many factors, such as immunization time and immunization mode, vaccine quality, disease infection pressure, animal health level, feed quality and so on. Therefore, immunization according to the set procedures is only one of the key steps of biosafety measures in livestock farms.
2. Disinfectants should be rotated regularly to avoid drug resistance.
Whether disinfectants are used alternately depends on the sterilization mechanism of disinfectants used. The sterilization mechanism of the selected disinfectant is osmotic sterilization, so there will be no problem of drug resistance. In the penetrating sterilization mode, the disinfectant directly penetrates the cell membrane of bacteria or viruses, oxidizes lipids, protein components and DNA in bacteria and viruses, and kills bacteria and viruses. Once the disinfectant comes into contact with bacteria and viruses, it can complete the killing process. Bacteria and viruses have no chance to adapt to disinfectants, alcohol, aldehydes, phenolic preparations and so on.
The principle of disinfectant rotation should be determined according to the biosafety situation faced by livestock farms.
Third, washing the house with high-pressure water can get good cleaning effect, and thorough disinfection can rest easy.
High-pressure water can only wash away the organic matter attached to the inner surface of the house and discharge it to the outside, which will bring new pollution to other workshops or the whole production area. Biofilms on indoor walls and equipment surfaces will continue to adversely affect production.