Stamps are a kind of valuable securities. It is a postage certificate issued by the competent postal department of a country or region for posting mail. It has both cultural and commodity attributes. In the field of philately, stamps are the main objects of collectors' collection, appreciation and research, the carrier of knowledge and the embodiment of art, and can also be used as propaganda tools. Dimitrov, a famous Bulgarian revolutionary, called stamps "the name card of the country", and this praise was widely quoted by postal circles.
Stamps usually have three elements: the symbol of the country to which the postal service belongs or the stamp issuing agency; Mark of face value or equivalent postage effect; The corresponding pattern. Although name, perforation, watermark, adhesive tape, paper quality and ticket type are not the main elements, with the development of postal service and philatelic activities, many countries adopt the same or similar regulations and practices in these aspects, which makes them more related to the general connotation of "stamp". It is an important research content of modern stamps and philatelic activities.
The Rise and Development of Philatelic Activities in China (1end of 9th century to 1949)
China's stamp collecting activities are imported from abroad. 19 12, "Shanghai Philatelic Association" was founded by foreigners in Shanghai. 1922, China Stamp Research Association, the first China philatelic organization in China, was established in Shanghai. By 1949, there are nearly 50 national philatelic organizations with a total membership of about 20,000. China Stamp Club, Guangxin Stamp Research Association and JOE Stamp Club were the most influential philatelic organizations at that time. During this historical period, China's philatelic activities were mainly as follows:
1. Stamp collectors are mainly foreign companies, bank employees and businessmen.
Driven by patriotic stamp collecting, they bought back a large number of precious China stamps from foreign stamp collectors. The world's unique product "Red Stamp with Small Print" was bought back from the first collector Feral's postal collection by China philatelist Mr. Zhou Jin Jue for 2500 Liang Yin, and was known as "the king of China postal service".
2. The collection and research objects are mainly China Daqing Dalong stamps, red stamps and various stamps stamped during the Republic of China, as well as related seals, stamps and stamps. At the same time, the collection and research of foreign postal stamps in China and commercial port letters and calls bureau stamps are also carried out.
1933, Mr. Jiang, a philatelist, won the silver prize in the first air mail exhibition in Brussels, Belgium, becoming the first person in China to participate in the international mail exhibition and win the prize.
3. Published a number of influential philatelic books and periodicals at home and abroad. Postal riding (1926 won the special bronze prize of new york International Postal Exhibition), postal code, Guangxin stamp, JOE postal publication (1935 won the prize of Guangxin Brussels International Postal Publication Exhibition), quintessence postal publication and modern postal publication. These philatelic books and periodicals basically represented the level of stamp collecting and academic research at that time, and now they have become the main historical documents of stamp collecting.
4.1965438+In July, 2004, Fuzhou philatelists exhibited Chinese and foreign stamps at Fujian Exhibition, which became the first exhibition for collecting stamps in China.
19 18 In April, the "stamp exhibition" held by stamp collectors in Changzhou Park became the first competitive stamp exhibition in China. Since then, philatelic organizations around the world have also held philatelic exhibitions of different scales. The biggest one was the "Postal Exhibition of the General Post Office of the Ministry of Communications" jointly organized by China Post Office and Guangxin Stamp Research Association in Shanghai in May, 1948.
5. China Post Office provides services for philatelists, and the special stamp sales course started at 1934. Later, postal agencies in Shanghai, Beiping, Nanjing, Xi, Chongqing and other cities 15 successively set up post offices or post office groups.
6. The earliest stamp dealers in China appeared in 1909, one was Li Huitang in Shanghai, and the other was the "World Philatelic Club" in Fuzhou. By 1949, there were more than 400 postal merchants in China, mostly concentrated in some big cities such as Shanghai, Tianjin, Beiping, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Harbin. 1936 1, "China postal merchants association" was established in Shanghai, but it was dissolved in 1937 due to the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
Before 1949, due to the social and economic instability and the self-raised funds of philatelic organizations, the philatelic activities in China were difficult and slow.
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Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, philatelic activities have flourished.
Since the founding of New China, mass philatelic activities have been carried out gradually, and grass-roots philatelic organizations have been established one after another. Encouraged by the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party and supported by the government, the philatelic culture of the motherland has developed healthily.
1982, the All-China Philatelic Federation was established. 65438-0983 joined the International Philatelic Federation (FIP) and the Asian Philatelic Federation (FIAP) and became member countries. This is an important symbol of the vigorous development of philatelic cultural activities in China.
1. Philatelic organizations are all over the country.
At present, philatelic associations have been established in 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Local, city and county philatelic associations 2 1, 5 1, and philatelic associations of factories, mines, enterprises, institutions and schools 2 1, 000. There are also five national philatelic organizations (China Sports Philatelic Association and China Petroleum Philatelic Association). ). As of 1993, there are nearly 2 million members. According to incomplete statistics, there are about150,000 stamp collectors.
2. Various stamp collecting activities.
According to the needs of different philatelic levels, philatelic organizations regularly or irregularly organize activities of different scales and forms, such as philatelic days, lectures on philatelic knowledge, philatelic knowledge competitions, roving reports on advanced philatelic deeds, philatelic observation, philatelic lectures, philatelic essays, selection of best stamps, philatelic summer camps, short-term training, visits and philatelic exchanges. Some cities have established philatelic activity centers to provide various services for stamp collectors.
3. Philatelic exhibitions are constantly developing to standardization all the year round.
China advocates small and medium-sized exhibitions, and stamp collecting organizations around the country organize stamp exhibitions in combination with local central activities. Its forms include competition exhibitions, observation exhibitions, special exhibitions, commemorative exhibitions, publicity exhibitions and roving exhibitions. From 1983 to 1993, the All-China Philatelic Federation has held six national stamp exhibitions. "93 China National Philatelic Exhibition" is the largest exhibition, with 246 philatelic products, 1049 frames and 102 document exhibits. At the same time, philatelic products from the United States, Germany, Japan, Singapore, the Philippines and Hong Kong were also invited to be exhibited. For the first time, 565,438+0 postal booths were set up, and 65,438+00 postal merchants from the United States, Italy, Australia, Thailand and Taiwan Province Province of China participated in the sales activities. During the stamp exhibition, activities such as philatelic report meeting, new China philatelic seminar, and stamp exhibition strategy seminar were held. It has become a national stamp exhibition with the highest historical level, the most complete exhibits and the most activities in China.
Since 1982, China has actively selected and sent philatelic products and documents and participated in international (world) stamp exhibitions. Three philatelic products won the gold medal, and 10 won the gold medal.
In order to strengthen the leadership and planning of the China Postal Exhibition, 199 1 established the National Postal Exhibition Committee, and successively promulgated the General Rules for Philatelic Exhibition of the All-China Philatelic Federation, the General Rules for Evaluation of Philatelic Exhibition of the All-China Philatelic Federation and the Special Rules for Evaluation of Various Postal Exhibitions.
There are 3 international stamp exhibition judges, 36 national judges and 58 provincial judges in China.
4. Organize philatelic academic research activities.
Academic committees or research groups have been set up by the National Philatelic Federation, various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, and larger philatelic organizations, with more than 1 000 members, basically forming a relatively large academic research network of philately in China. According to the development needs and problems of China's philatelic culture, the scope of research is constantly expanded, research topics are uniformly determined, and research activities are organized. The research content covers the history of postal service, stamp distribution, stamp collecting history, development strategy of stamp collecting activities, stamp collecting ethics, stamp collecting and stamp market, etc. According to the requirements of the research object and purpose, there are many research methods. The research results are mostly exchanged in the form of academic seminars. More than 450 research articles have been published in 1992 on the theoretical research of philatelic culture alone. Since 1983, the National Philatelic Federation has held 14 academic seminars. Philatelic academic research activities have promoted the development of philatelic culture in China and laid the foundation for the establishment of philatelic culture theory. On the basis of summarizing the theoretical research results, China Philatelic Dictionary, China Philatelic History, China Liberated Area Philatelic History (Soviet Area Volume has been published) and Introduction to Philatelic Culture are being compiled.
China has also held many international symposiums on philatelic theory, such as the symposium commemorating the 1 10 anniversary of the China Dalong stamp issue and the symposium on the 60th anniversary of the China People's Revolutionary War, which initiated new activities of international stamp activities.
In order to standardize the philatelic language in China, the National Philatelic Federation has set up a philatelic terminology examination and approval committee, which has started its work. At present, three batches of more than 300 nouns have been published.
5. Philatelic publications are unprecedentedly prosperous.
There are 34 kinds of philatelic newspapers and periodicals officially published in China, with a total circulation of about10.5 million copies, among which "Philatelic", "China Philatelic", "China Youth Philatelic Magazine" and "China Philatelic Newspaper" have a large circulation.
The publication of stamp collecting books in China is constantly filling the gap, with a complete range and increasing varieties year by year. From 1982 to 1993, China * * * has published more than 300 philatelic books. Such as Postmark of Qing Dynasty, Stamp History of China Liberated Area, Soviet Volume, Dalong Stamp Collection, Dalong Stamp and Postal History of Qing Dynasty, China Philatelic Yearbook, Basic Philatelic Course, etc.
6. Promote stamp collecting through the news media.
Through the efforts and cooperation with the news media, local philatelic organizations have included stamp collecting in their publicity reports, and besides reporting dynamic news, they have also jointly held lectures and competitions on stamp collecting knowledge. 1993 During the China Stamp Exhibition, various news organizations in Beijing broadcast related reports for more than 60 times.
7. The exchanges between the mainland and the philatelic circles of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao are increasing.
Stamp collectors from Taiwan Province Province, Hongkong and Macau visit the mainland every year, visit stamp exhibitions and have academic exchanges. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Symposium has developed into a forum for stamp collectors in Guangdong, Fujian, Qiongtai, Hong Kong and Macao. Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan Province Province and Macau successfully held the 1994 Hong Kong Philatelic Exhibition.
8. Strengthen international philatelic cultural exchanges.
After the All-China Philatelic Federation became a member of FIP and FIAP, it actively participated in the activities of two international organizations. We also hosted 1988 and 1992 FIAP Executive Committee meetings; Invited internationally renowned philatelists to give lectures in China for many times; We have also held joint exhibitions, mutual exhibitions and mutual visits with some countries and regions. Our international contacts are constantly expanding.
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The first time in the history of stamp collecting in China.
1905, the earliest (official) stamp catalogue of China, A Brief Introduction to the Stamps of Guangxu 40-30 Years, was published in Postal Bulletin.
The earliest stamp dealer in China appeared in 1909. One is Li Huitang, and the other is the "World Philatelic Club" in Fuzhou.
1965438+In July, 2004, Fuzhou philatelists exhibited Chinese and foreign stamps at Fujian Exhibition, which became the first exhibition in China for collecting stamps.
19 18 In April, the "stamp exhibition" held by stamp collectors in Changzhou Park became the first competitive stamp exhibition in China. Since then, philatelic organizations around the world have also held philatelic exhibitions of different scales. The biggest one was the "Postal Exhibition of the General Post Office of the Ministry of Communications" jointly organized by China Post Office and Guangxin Stamp Research Association in Shanghai in May, 1948.
1922, the first non-governmental philatelic organization-China Stamp Research Association was established in Shanghai (the last issue).
From 65438 to 0926, China People's Philatelic Literature "Postal Ride" edited by Zhou Jinjue won the first prize (special bronze prize) at the American International Postal Exhibition.
1933, Mr. Jiang, a philatelist, won the silver prize in the first air mail exhibition in Brussels, Belgium, becoming the first person in China to participate in the international mail exhibition and win the prize.
1934, Chunghwa Post began to offer "Special Stamp Sales Course".
From 65438 to 0948, Chunghwa Post held the first special stamp exhibition in Nanjing.
1950, China's official stamp collection was first exhibited abroad (Czech Republic).
1955, china national philatelic corporation opened in Beijing. Stamp collecting magazine was founded.
From 65438 to 0957, China philatelists participated in the International Stamp Exhibition (Soviet Union) supported by the International Philatelic Federation (FIP) for the first time, and Jiang Zhifang won the gold medal.
1982, the All-China Philatelic Federation was established.
1983, the first professional committee of the All-China Philatelic Federation was established. The All-China Philatelic Federation has joined the International Philatelic Federation and the Asian Philatelic Federation (FIAP). The First National Stamp Exhibition (Beijing).
From 65438 to 0984, China philatelists participated in the World Stamp Exhibition (Spain) for the first time, and Chen, Chen and Chen won the big silver prize.
1985, China Stamp Museum opens.
During 1987, China philatelists participated in the (3rd) Asian Stamp Exhibition (Singapore) hosted by FIAP for the first time, and Chang Zengshu won the grand gold medal.
1989 allows individual industrial and commercial households to handle stamps and philatelic products. Taiwan Province philatelists participated in the national stamp exhibition for the first time.
From 65438 to 0996, the 9th Asian Stamp Exhibition was held in Beijing, and China philatelist Shen Zenghua won the national prize.
1999, China '99 World Stamp Exhibition was held in Beijing, and Shen Zenghua won the national prize.
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