The dynasties with Xi 'an as its capital are Western Zhou, Qin, Western Han, Xin Mang, Eastern Han, Western Jin, Zhao Qian, former Qin, later Qin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang Dynasties.
The dynasties of Luoyang with its capital are Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Western Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty, Northern Wei Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Wu Zhou Dynasty, Hou Liang, Later Tang Dynasty and Later Jin Dynasty.
1, Xia Dynasty
Xia dynasty (about 2070- 1600 BC) was the first hereditary dynasty recorded in China's history books. There are a certain number of bronze and jade ritual vessels in the cultural relics of the Xia Dynasty, dating from the late Neolithic Age to the early Bronze Age.
According to historical records, Biography of Yu was written, which changed the abdication system of primitive tribes and initiated the hereditary system in China for nearly 4,000 years. Therefore, the "home world" in China's history began with the establishment of the Xia Dynasty.
1 1 tribes of Xia nationality are related to the central royal family in Xia Houshi by blood, political enfeoffment and economic tribute, which roughly constitute the core territory of Xia dynasty.
Summer begins in the west of Henan Province and the south of Shanxi Province, east to the junction of Henan Province, Shandong Province and Hebei Province, south to the north of Hubei Province and north to the south of Hebei Province. The geographical centers of this area are Yanshi, Dengfeng, Xinmi and Yuzhou in Henan Province.
It is generally believed that the Xia Dynasty * * * spread from the14th generation to the17th generation (the ruler of the Xia Dynasty called it "Hou" when he was in office and "Emperor" after his death), which lasted about 47 1 year and was destroyed by the Shang Dynasty. Later generations often call themselves "Huaxia", making it synonymous with China.
2. Shang Dynasty
Shang Dynasty (about 1600 BC-about 1046 BC) is the second dynasty in China history, and it is also the first dynasty with direct written records of the same period in China.
Shang Tang was the monarch of the Xia and Shang Dynasties. He led the Shang Dynasty to be destroyed in the battle of Mingtiao, and established the Shang Dynasty in Bo (now Shangqiu), with the name "Shang". After that, the capital of Shang Dynasty moved frequently until its descendant Pan Geng moved to Yin (now Anyang), which was the capital of Yin for 273 years. Therefore, Shang Dynasty was called Yin or Yin Shang by later generations.
The Shang Dynasty experienced three main stages. The first stage is "the first venture"; The second stage is "early business"; The third stage was the "Late Shang Dynasty", which lasted for more than 500 years from 17 to 3 1 Wang. Di Xin, the last monarch, set himself on fire after being defeated by Zhou Wuwang in the battle of Makino.
3. Western Zhou Dynasty
During the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-77 1), Zhou was an ancient tribe in Guanzhong, and its ancestors abandoned their names and planted them. During the period of Yao and Shun, it was named "Hou Ji" and was named Taitai (now Wugong County and Yangling District of Shaanxi Province).
Gong Liu moved from Tai (now between Binxian and Xunyi counties) to Gugongfu, and moved again (now at the junction of Fufeng and Qishan counties) under the sun of Qishan.
Zhou people built cities, ruled fields, set officials and built the army here, and became a powerful vassal state in the middle reaches of Weihe River in the late Shang Dynasty. Ji Chang (King Wen) moved the capital to Feng (now Mawang Village, Chang 'an District).
Ji Chang died and his son Ji Fa succeeded him. He built Haojing (now Doumen Town, Fengdong New District) on the east bank of Fenghe River and wrote about Wang Xuye. BC 1046, after the Battle of Makino, the Shang Dynasty perished, which was called the Western Zhou Dynasty in history.
In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, social contradictions, including those within the ruling clique, intensified day by day, and the struggle for land and political power accelerated the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The uprising of China people shook the foundation of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In 77 1 year BC, it was killed by dog Rong and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.
4. Eastern Zhou Dynasty
The Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC-256 BC) was a dynasty in the history of China. After the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the vassal states established the formerly abandoned Prince Yijiu as the king, known as Zhou Pingwang in history and Luoyi in history (now Luoyang, Henan).
The first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was called the Spring and Autumn Period. In 453 BC, after the Han, Zhao and Wei clans joined hands to destroy the branch, the three clans were divided into Jin and the princes conquered each other, which was called the Warring States.
After Zhou Pingwang moved eastward, its jurisdiction was greatly reduced and it became a small country. Coupled with the alleged killing of his father, his prestige among the princes is not as good as before. According to Zuo Zhuan, there were 140 vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period.
In the face of the attack and merger between princes and the invasion of foreigners on the border, the son of heaven could not bear the responsibility of the Lord and often turned to some powerful princes for help. In this case, the powerful vassal will pretend to be the overlord, and the vassal of the Central Plains will "respect the king and reject the foreign countries" and unite for self-defense.
In the seventeenth year of King Xiang of Zhou (635 BC), there was a riot. King Xiang of Zhou couldn't make peace, so he asked for help, and Wen Gong unified his uncle, so he got the land of Hanoi for Bo.
In the twentieth year of King Xiang of Zhou (632 BC), King Xiang was forced by Jin Wengong to establish a land alliance in Heyang? [。 When Zhou Nanwang was in China, the country became weaker and weaker, and at the same time, internal struggles continued, even splitting into the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty.
In the eighth year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 307 years), the State of Qin attacked South Korea through the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and neither side of the Zhou people dared to offend, so they were in a dilemma. The imperial city of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was located among the great powers, so they could not fight together, but attacked and killed each other.
In the fifty-ninth year of Zhou Nanwang (256 BC), the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was destroyed by the State of Qin. In the same year, Zhou Nanwang died of illness and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty perished. Seven years later, the State of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was also destroyed by the State of Qin. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty * * * spread to the 25th King for 5 15 years. This period is a period of social system transformation in China, marked by the extensive use of iron.
5. Western Han Dynasty
The Western Han Dynasty (202 BC-8 February AD +65438) is a unified dynasty in China history after the Qin Dynasty, which lasted 12 emperor and enjoyed the country for 2 10 years, also known as the former Han Dynasty.
At the end of Qin dynasty, the world rose. After the battle between Chu and Han, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu. In 202 BC, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Han, and moved the capital to Chang 'an (now Shaanxi 'an).
The Western Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system in many systems. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the national policy of less taxes and relaxation was implemented, the social economy recovered rapidly, and agriculture, handicrafts and commerce flourished unprecedentedly, which was called the rule of Wenjing in history.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he implemented the system of promotion, China-Korea, secretariat of history and salt and iron official camp. Strengthen centralization, and admire the Confucian thought of unification.
Externally, it has opened up a vast territory with Korea in the east, Vietnam in the south, Qingling in the west and Yinshan in the north, laying the basic scope of the Han Dynasty. He also sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, which opened up the Silk Road to communicate with Eurasia, expanded foreign exchanges and created a prosperous Hanwu. ?
After Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, Huo Guang assisted in the administration of state affairs, followed the ethnic policy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years, and restored the national strength of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty proclaimed the Emperor, the Western Regions were formally incorporated into the territory by surrendering the Xiongnu and setting up the Western Regions' capital protection government, and the bureaucracy was reorganized internally, thus creating the rule of filial piety with strong national strength.
In 36 BC, Chen Tang killed Zhi Zhi Khan, marking the end of the Sino-Hungarian War in the Western Han Dynasty. In 8 AD, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang abolished the emperor and made Chang 'an his capital, which was called the New Dynasty in history and the Western Han Dynasty perished.
6. Xin Mang
The New Dynasty (8-23 years) was established after the Western Han Dynasty by Wang Mang, the consort of the Western Han Dynasty. In the twelfth lunar month of the eighth year, Wang Mang abandoned the Confucian scholar Liu Ying of Han Dynasty as Anding Gong, changed his country name to Anding Gong, and established Chang 'an (now the site of Chang 'an City in Han An) as his capital, which was called Xin Mang in history.
After Wang Mang proclaimed himself emperor, he carried out many reforms, including: implementing the imperial land system, restricting the holding of private land, turning the surplus part into state-owned land, and allocating 100 mu to the landless, aiming at solving the serious problem of land merger since the end of the Western Han Dynasty, but it was completely impossible to implement.
It is forbidden to reward handmaiden; Promote state-owned enterprises; Reform the monetary system, etc. It was just that the laws of the new dynasty were complicated and changeable, and the reform eventually failed, which led to the rapid demise of the new dynasty.
In the fourth year of Emperor Huang (23 years), the new dynasty was overthrown by the outlaw hero; *** 1 emperor, 15 years.
7. Eastern Han Dynasty
The Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) is another unified dynasty in China history after the Western Han Dynasty. It spread to the eighth * * * fourteenth emperor, enjoying the country 195. Together with the Western Han Dynasty, it is called the Han Dynasty.
At the end of the New Dynasty, the Red Eyebrow Uprising in Greenwood broke out, and Liu Xiu, the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty, took advantage of the situation. In AD 25, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, made Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) his capital, established the Eastern Han Dynasty, and started Guangxu Zhongxing. east
By the Han Dynasty, the power of Sangong was greatly weakened, and the power of Shangshutai was improved. During the reign of Emperor Hanming and Zhang Han, the Eastern Han Dynasty entered its heyday, which is known as the reign of Zhang Ming.
In the later period of Zhang Han, consorts became more and more overbearing. After Han and Emperor ascended the throne, the consorts were eliminated, and the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak, which was known as Yuan Long through the ages.
In the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, the Empress Dowager said that the consorts were in charge of affairs, and the young monarch who succeeded in childhood was able to take charge of affairs with the help of eunuchs. History is called the battle between officials, the increasingly corrupt political affairs, and the powerful forces wantonly annexed land.
During the period of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, the peasants could not bear multiple cruel oppression, and the court ordered all states and counties to recruit soldiers by themselves, which basically put down the rebellion, but led to the self-respect of local strongmen.
In the first year of Chuping (190), Dong Zhuo's rebellion broke out again. From then on, the imperial court was sidelined, which opened the prelude to the warlord melee in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After Dong Zhuo was killed, in the first year of Jian 'an (196), Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Han Xian to Xuchang. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, and the Eastern Han Dynasty was destroyed, entering the period of the Three Kingdoms regime.
8. Cao Wei
Wei State (May +03, 265438-February 4, 266) was one of the separatist regimes in the Three Kingdoms period, and later historians often called it Cao Wei. Since the Northern Wei Dynasty was later called the "post-Wei" and Cao Wei was also called the "pre-Wei" or "pre-Wei", it became the most powerful country among the three countries.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was chaos and competition. In the melee of warlords, Cao Cao's power gradually increased, and he controlled the court of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Cao Wei.
When Cao Cao was awarded the title, he ruled Ye, the seat of Wei Jun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Therefore, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty named him Wang Wei, hence the name Wei.
In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Pi forced Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to abdicate, formally replaced the Han Dynasty, established Cao Wei, and made Luoyang its capital. In the second year of Xian Di (265), he usurped Wei, changed his title to Jin, and Cao Wei perished.
9. Western Jin Dynasty
The Western Jin Dynasty (AD 266-AD 3 16) is one of the unified dynasties in the history of China after the Three Kingdoms period, and it is also called the Jin Dynasty with the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Pass it on to the four emperors, and the country will be fifty-one years. If you start by destroying Wu Dong, you will only stand for 37 years. In order to distinguish it from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the history is called the Western Jin Dynasty, and the two Jin Dynasties are also called Sima Jin.
At the end of the Three Kingdoms, Qiu, a general of Cao Wei, Sima Yi, a teacher, and Sima Shi, the second son, were all powerful ministers. In 265 AD, Sima Yan replaced the Cao Wei regime and established a new regime. The founding country name is Jin, and its capital is Luoyang.
After the Western Jin Dynasty replaced the Wei Dynasty, the battle of Xiling occurred, and Sun Wu was destroyed in 280 AD, ending the division and reunification of the three countries.
However, after the destruction of Wu, the whole country in the Western Jin Dynasty was immersed in an atmosphere of extravagance and corruption. Emperor Wu of Jin was born in a clan, and his family has long developed into a huge powerful group. Therefore, since the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, the political style has been very dark and bribery has become the norm. ?
A major feature of the Western Jin Dynasty is that a large number of nomadic tribes moved inward. Since Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty allowed border people to move in, a large number of nomadic people moved in. By the time of the Western Jin Dynasty, the foreigners in Guanzhong and Liangzhou had accounted for half of the local population.
These foreigners were taken into slavery by the clan? . Due to many immigrants, it is not far from the Jin people in Guanzhong area. For the subjugation of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Sixteen Countries of Wuhu laid the groundwork.
After the Eight Kings Rebellion, the western Jin Dynasty was badly weakened, and the nationalities who moved in took the opportunity to dispatch troops, resulting in the situation of five chaos, and a large number of people and clans began to cross south. The Western Jin Dynasty was a short-lived unity during the long-term division of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which was called "a flash in the pan". In 3 17 AD, Si Marui proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang and rebuilt Wu, which was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history.
10, formerly Zhao
Zhao Qian (304-329), also known as Zhao Han, was one of the "Sixteen Countries" during the Sixteen Countries Period in Wuhu, and was a regime established by the Huns at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty.
In 3 19 AD, Zhao was split into two independent regimes: Liu Zhao in Guanzhong and Liu Zhao in Kanto. In order to distinguish it, historians call the former dynasty of Liu (Tuge) the former Zhao and the later Zhao of Shi the latter Zhao.
In November 304, Liu Yuan took the title of Han in Zuoguocheng (now north of Lishi County, Shanxi Province), that is, Hanwang, changed to Yuanxi, and the title of Han. Han State (Xiongnu Han State) was formally established.
In 308 10, Liu Yuan officially proclaimed himself emperor and changed its name to Yongfeng. Moved the capital to Pingyang in 309. The disease of 3 10 years. Liu He, the eldest son, acceded to the throne, and Liu Cong, the later brother, usurped the throne. In 3 16, Chen Jianghan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, died in the Western Jin Dynasty.
In July of 3 18, Liu Cong (Emperor Han Zhaodi) died and Prince Liu Xie succeeded to the throne. In August, Jin Zhun staged a coup in Pingyang and killed him. Hanwang Liu Yao, Zhongshan guarding Chang 'an, sent troops to attack Jin Zhun.
In October, Liu went to Chibi (now Chishichuan, northwest of Hejin City, Shanxi Province) and proclaimed himself emperor. The following year, he was renamed Zhao (formerly Zhao).
After that, Schleswig-Holstein and Liu turned against each other, calling themselves the King of Zhao (Hou Zhao). Before Zhao lost his native land, Emperor Liu Yao of Zhao lived alone in the west. Since then, Liu Yao and Schleswig have often attacked each other.
Due to Liu Yao's high-handed policy towards all ethnic groups in Guanzhong area, poor governance, blind use of troops and the decline of national power, Schleswig controlled the vast area of Hebei. In 328 AD, the second Zhao Dynasty fought in the west of Luoyang. Liu Yao drank too much, was defeated and captured, and the former main force of Zhao was eliminated.
In 329, the post-Zhao army marched westward, and the former Zhao abandoned Chang 'an and ran to Shangguan [guī] (now Tianshui, Gansu). In September, the late Hu conquered Shangguan and killed its officials. Former Zhao also died. The former ruled by Zhao 5 15, while the latter ruled by Zhao 2 1 1. Speaking of Zhao Chuan III, five masters, that was twenty-six years.
1 1, Qian Qin
The Pre-Qin Dynasty (350-394 AD) was one of the regimes in the Sixteen Countries Period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 350 AD, Fu Hong, a Yi nationality, occupied Guanzhong, claiming to be the king of Sanqin and enjoying the country for 44 years.
After Shi Hu's death, the Yi people surrendered Qi Hong to the Eastern Jin Dynasty and tried to capture Guanzhong during the conflict of Zhao Dynasty, but he was poisoned. In 352 AD, Fujian proclaimed itself emperor, making Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province) its capital, and broke off relations with the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Chu Taizu, Yin Hao, Huan Wen and others were sent to attack it, but Fu Jian successfully resisted and the national situation gradually consolidated. Born to succeed to the throne, killing is immoral, and killing is strong.
Fu Jian advocates Confucianism and rewards culture and education. With Wang Meng's assistance, centralization, economic promotion and national prosperity. Historically, it was called "Guanlong smoke, prosperous people". After the pre-Qin dynasty became strong, Fu Jian intended to unify the whole country. ?
At that time, Yan Qian was in chaos, and Mu Rongchui defected to the former Qin Dynasty in 369 AD. Fu Jian took the opportunity to send Wang Meng and his army to destroy Yan successfully in the following year, and obtained kanto region.
In 370, the former Qin Dynasty destroyed Yan Qian and captured Murong Yong. 37 1, the enemy pool was destroyed. In 373, Joan, Ruo and Yelang in the southwest belonged to the State of Qin. In 376 AD, the former cool was destroyed. In the same year, the invasion of a generation. The former Qin unified the north. ?
Countries in the Northeast and the Western Regions all sent envoys to establish relations with the former Qin Dynasty, and only the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the southeast corner confronted them. At that time, the Korean peninsula was divided by Koguryo, Baekje and Silla, and all of them accepted the knighthood of the former Qin Dynasty. There are Rouran, Kumosi, Qidan and Gaoche in the north, Tuguhun and Prynne in the west.
At its peak, its territory started from Korea in the east, reached Qingji in the west, merged with Sichuan and Sichuan in the south, and surpassed Yinshan in the north. The former Qin Dynasty was the first minority regime in the history of China to unify the north.
Because it was based on the hometown of Qin in the Warring States period, it was named the founding name. The name of the pre-Qin dynasty first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Annals of Sixteen Countries, and was later used to distinguish it from other regimes with "Qin" as their national title.
12, Houqin
The late Qin dynasty (384 ~ 4 17) was a political power established by Yao Chang, an aristocrat of Qiang nationality in the Sixteen Kingdoms period. It took thirty-four years for san huang to inherit.
After the defeat of Fu Jian in the former Qin Dynasty, Guanzhong was empty. Yao Chang, a Qiang aristocrat after the collapse of the former Qin dynasty, rebelled against Qin in Weibei. In 384, he claimed to be the "King of Qin in 10,000 years" and went north (now southeast of Yao County, Shaanxi Province). The following year, he captured and killed Fu Jian.
In the 11th year of Taiyuan (386), Yao Chang proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an (now the site of Chang 'an City of Han Dynasty in Shaanxi), with the title of Qin, which was called the later Qin in history. The ruling areas include today's Shaanxi, eastern Gansu and parts of Henan.
In the seventh year of the late Qin Dynasty (393), Yao Chang died, and his son Yao Xing succeeded to the throne, attacking and killing the former Qin Dynasty and sweeping away the remnants of the former Qin Dynasty; And take the back swallow to destroy the west swallow and occupy the land east of the original west swallow.
In the first year of Hongshi (399), due to the civil strife in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Luoyang was trapped, and many cities north of Huai and Han were invited to surrender. The national situation was comparable to that of Houyan. After cutting and cooling, you will get Kumarajiva. That year, Faxian set out from Chang 'an and went west to learn from the scriptures.
In the eighteenth year of Shihong (4 16), Yao Xing died and his son Yao Hong succeeded to the throne. The surrendered multi-ethnic forces in China took the opportunity to rebel and sent troops at the funeral. In August of the same year, Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty led an army to divide into four northern expeditions, Kexuchang and recover Luoyang. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the emperor's younger brother rebelled against the throne and was wiped out by Yao Hong.
In the 13th year of Yixi (4 17), Emperor Wu of Song attacked Tongguan and besieged Chang 'an. Yao Hong surrendered all over the country, and the later Qin Dynasty fell.
13, Western Wei Dynasty
The Western Wei Dynasty (535-556 AD) was a separatist regime in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Yu Wentai made Yuanbaoju, the grandson of Emperor Xiaowen of Wei, emperor, with the title "Da Wei".
In contrast to Nanliang under the rule of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and Gao Huan, the capital is Chang 'an (now the seat of Chang 'an City in Han An). Political power is really in Yu Wentai's hands. In 557 AD, it was replaced by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, which experienced two generations and three emperors and lasted for 22 years.
In 535 AD, after Yu Wentai poisoned Emperor Xiu Yuan of Wei Xiaowu, he made Wang Yuanbao, the grandson of Emperor Wei Xiaowen, the emperor, as the emperor, namely Wei Zhaowen, who changed to the Yuan Dynasty and started the Western Wei Dynasty.
In 55 1 year, Yuanbaoju died and his eldest son Qin Yuan succeeded to the throne. In 554 AD, Qin Yuan was abandoned by Yu Wentai and was poisoned soon. Yuan Kuo, the fourth son of Yuanbaoju, ascended the throne, which was called the first year. In order to cater to the Hu Hua movement in Yu Wentai, he was forced to change his surname to Tuoba.
In the third year of Gong Wei (556), Yu Wentai died of illness and was succeeded by his nephew Yuwen Hu. In 557 AD, Gong Wei was forced to surrender to Yu Wenjue with the support of Yu Wenhu, and the Western Wei Dynasty perished.
14, Northern Wei Dynasty
The Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) was the regime established by Tuoba GUI, a Xianbei nationality, and was the first dynasty of the Northern Dynasty. ?
In 386, the former Qin Dynasty was divided, and Tuoba GUI became king in Niuchuan, rebuilding the country and making its capital Lesheng (now Hohhot and Linger County, Inner Mongolia). In April of the same year, it was renamed Wang Wei. In June 398, it was officially named "Wei", which was called "Northern Wei" in history.
In July 398, Tuoba GUI, Emperor Daowu, moved the capital to Pingcheng (now Datong City, Shanxi Province) and proclaimed himself emperor. In 439, Emperor Tuoba Tao unified the north. In 493, Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong moved to Luoyang to carry out large-scale reforms.
In the third year of Yongxi (534), it was divided into Eastern Wei and Western Wei. In the eighth year of Wuding in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (550), Levin abolished filial piety, became independent on behalf of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and the Northern Qi Dynasty was established. In 557, Zen was established in Yuwen Jue, established in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and ended in Wei Yuan Dynasty (Tuoba Gui).
Tuoba GUI was rebuilt in 386 and divided in 534, with a total of 20 emperors (official history 12) and enjoying the country 148.
15, Northern Zhou Dynasty
The Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-58 1) is one of the Northern Dynasties in the history of China, also known as the Houzhou (rarely used after the Tang and Song Dynasties) and Yuwen Zhou. The foundation of this country was laid by Yu Wentai, the powerful minister of the Western Wei Dynasty, and was formally established by his son Yu Wenjue with the support of his nephew Yuwen Hu. Through five emperors, * * * twenty-four years.
In the third year of the Western Wei Dynasty (556), after the death of Yu Wentai, who actually mastered the Western Wei regime, his third son, Yu Wenxuan, succeeded Otsuka, calling himself the Duke of Zhou. At the beginning of the following year, he abandoned the Duke of the Western Wei Dynasty to stand on his own feet, and became the capital of Chang 'an (now the site of Chang 'an City), known as the Northern Zhou Dynasty in history. ?
Yu Wenjue, the filial piety emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was young, and the power was in the hands of his cousin Yuwen Hu. In September, Yuwen Hu killed Xiao Min and made Yu Wenyu emperor. In the second year of Wucheng (560), Yuwen Hu poisoned Yuwen Hu again and established Emperor Yuwen Yong, known as Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. ?
In the first year of Jiande (572), Emperor Yuwen Yong of the Zhou Dynasty ruled over Yuwen Hu, who personally took charge of state affairs and carried out various reforms.
In 577, the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi and unified the North. In 58 1 year, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty became emperor in the Zen era, changed his name to Sui, and died in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
16, Sui
The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 6 19) was a unified dynasty in the history of China.
In February of 58 1 year, Emperor Jingdi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty abdicated to Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished. Yang established the title of "Sui" and made its capital Daxing (now Shaanxi An).
In 589 AD, the Chen Dynasty perished in the south, and China was unified, ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. In 605 AD, after Yang Di ascended the throne, Yuwen Kai was ordered to build Tokyo and moved the capital to Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan) in the same year.
During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the people's livelihood was rich, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the politics was clear, which created a prosperous situation of ruling the emperor. During the reign of Yang Di in Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was built, but the excessive consumption of national strength led to the rebellion of the people and nobles at the end of Sui Dynasty.
In 6 18, Yu Wenhuaji and others launched a mutiny and killed the emperor Yang Di. Emperor Yangdi You Yang abdicated and established the Tang Dynasty. In 6 19, Yang Dong, the king's emperor, was also abolished, and the Sui Dynasty perished, which lasted for 38 years.
17, Tang
The Tang Dynasty (6 18-907) was a unified dynasty after the Sui Dynasty, which experienced 2/kloc-0 emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years. It is also called, because the royal family name is Li, and it is considered as one of the most powerful dynasties in China.
At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world was in harmony. In 6 17, Tang Guogong Li Yuan set out for Jinyang and proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an the following year. Emperor Taizong advocated the rule of chastity after he ascended the throne. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the rule of Yonghui. In 690, Wu Zetian took the Tang Dynasty of Zhou Dynasty as the capital and Luoyang as the historical name. ?
In 705, after the Dragon Revolution, Tang Zhongzong restored the title of the Tang Dynasty. After Tang Xuanzong ascended the throne, he made great efforts to govern and created a prosperous new century in which all ethnic groups came to Korea. At the end of Tianbao, the national population reached about 80 million.
After the Anshi Rebellion, the power of vassals and eunuchs gradually declined, and in the middle and late period, the power of governing the country gradually increased through Tang Xianzong Yuanhe Zhongxing, Tang Wuzong Huichang Zhongxing and Tang Xuanzong Dazhong. The Huang Chao Uprising broke out in the late Tang Dynasty, which destroyed the ruling foundation of the Tang Dynasty. In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, which perished, and China entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
18, Wuzhou
The Zhou Dynasty (690-705) was founded by Wu Zetian, who named it Wu Zhou in order to distinguish it from the Zhou Dynasty in the pre-Qin period. Wu Zetian is the only female emperor in the history of China, who has been in power for 23 years.
If from the reign of Empress Wu Zetian in the fifth year of Qing Dynasty (660) to the restoration of Empress Wu in the first year of Shenlong (705), Empress Wu Zetian reigned for 45 years. China is the only female emperor in history.
In the first year of Hongdao (683), Tang Gaozong died, and Prince Li Xian acceded to the throne for Tang Zhongzong. "It depends on how you address marquis Wu as the empress dowager." . ?
In September, 684, the Empress Dowager abolished Zhongzong as the king of Luling, and made Li Dan, the younger brother of Zhongzong, the emperor, and changed the year of Shengyuan to the first year of Guangzhai, and the east was the capital of gods, which was reformed by the Empress Dowager.
On September 9th, the first year of Zaichu (A.D. 690), more than 60,000 people, including Tang Ruizong, wrote to change the name of the country. When Wu Zetian saw that the time had come, she changed the Tang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, made Luoyang its capital, and added her own honorific title of Emperor of the Holy Spirit.
In the first year of Shenlong (AD 705), Zhang Jianzhi and others staged a palace coup, forcing Wu Zetian to abdicate. [1] The restoration of Zhongzong and the restoration of the old system in the Tang Dynasty. In the same year1February, Wu Zetian died of illness in Shangyang Palace at the age of 82.
19, back beam
Hou Liang (907 ~ 923), the Liang Dynasty, was the first dynasty in the Five Dynasties. In 907, Zhu Wen, King of Liang, usurped the Tang Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor. He was known as the Liang Dynasty in history, and the Tang Dynasty officially perished. The history of China entered the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Hou Liang has a dual capital system, with Kaifeng in the east (now Kaifeng in Henan) and Luoyang in the west (now Luoyang in Henan).
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liang Wudi and Zhu Wen, the predecessor of the later Tang Dynasty, namely the State of Jin in Hedong, fought for hegemony for a long time until their national subjugation. * * * lasted for three emperors, 17 years. Because the emperor's surname is Zhu, and because it is different from Nanliang in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it is called Zhu.
20. Late Tang Dynasty
The Late Tang Dynasty (923-936) was a feudal dynasty established by the Shatuo people during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, with its capital in Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) and spread to the second and fourth emperors, lasting 14 years.
The late Tang Dynasty was the most extensive dynasty in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. "the land of the five generations, there is no such thing." "At that time, jinliang and Wu Shu divided the world into four parts. In the later Tang Dynasty, one point destroyed two points, and the four points in the world had scored three points." ?
In 89 1 year, Hedong made Li Keyong the king of Jin, established the former Jin Dynasty, and became the independent regime of Hedong. In 907, Zhu Quanzhong usurped the Tang Dynasty and established the Hou Liang, and the State of Jin became the largest separatist force in the north. During this period, Jin regarded Liang Dynasty as a leap dynasty, and it still served as the founder of the Tang Dynasty.
Li Keyong died in 909, and his son Li was promoted to the throne. In 923, Li proclaimed himself emperor in Weizhou (now Anyang, Henan Province), renamed Tongguang, and later called "Tang", and promoted Weizhou to be the Tang government in Tokyo. ?
At the end of the same year, Li destroyed the back beam and made Luoyang its capital, which was called the later Tang Dynasty in history. Destroy the face before 926; In 928, Nanping Gao Conghui attached; In 930, the voice of South Chumahi was attached; In 936, Shi Jingtang invaded Luoyang with Liao soldiers at the expense of sixteen states, claiming the post-Jin Dynasty, and the post-Tang Dynasty perished.
2 1, Houjin
The Late Jin Dynasty (936-947 AD) was a dynasty in the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in the history of China. From the destruction of Shi Jingtang, the ancestor of the Jin Dynasty, to the establishment of the Tang Dynasty in 936, and then to the destruction of Qidan in 947, the Jin Dynasty experienced two emperors. Twelve years, also known as Shi Jin, initially established Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) as its capital, and later moved to Nanjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province).
In the summer of the third year of the Qing Dynasty in the late Tang Dynasty (AD 936), Shi Jingtang, who stayed in Taiyuan and Hedong, colluded with Qidan, recognized Yelvdeguang as the father, and proclaimed himself emperor in Taiyuan with the support of Qidan. His title is Jin, and his history is called Hou Jin.
Shortly after the invasion of Luoyang and the demise of the later Tang Dynasty, Shi Jingtang's practice of ceding land to claim his son was opposed by many people, including his former cronies. After Shi Jingtang's death, he made his nephew Shi Zhonggui his heir.
After Shi Zhonggui acceded to the throne, he decided to gradually get rid of his attachment to the Khitan. He first claimed to be the grandson of Yeludeguang, but he refused to submit. In 944 AD, the Khitan attacked Jin, and the two sides fought in Ganzhou (now south of Puyang, Henan), winning and losing each other.
In 945 AD, the Khitan conquered the south again, and Shi Zhonggui personally went on an expedition to defeat the Khitan again. In 947, the Khitan went south for the third time, and Du Zhongwei, an important official of the late Jin Dynasty, dropped the Khitan, and the main force of the late Jin Dynasty fell. Shi Zhonggui was forced to surrender and the whole family was taken to Qidan. The demise of the late Jin dynasty.
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