(1) Economically, the city's commodity economy disintegrated the feudal economy in Western Europe; Politically: serfs can be free when they live in cities for a certain period of time; In order to deal with feudal lords, cities and cars formed an alliance, which affected the unity of the country; Culturally, the city became the cradle of secular culture, laying the foundation for the emergence of the Renaissance.

(2) Hint: Ancient cities in China often appear as centers, while cities in Western Europe are economic centers; The ancient cities in China have no autonomy, while the cities in western Europe have autonomy; The ancient cities in China were part of the autocratic dynasty, while the cities in western Europe often appeared as allies of kings. The earliest secular universities appeared in western European cities, and a huge class of citizens appeared, which gave birth to the Renaissance, but the ancient cities in China did not have this function.