The permanent system of Party Congress is one of the concrete forms of representative democracy, which was put forward and founded by the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). At the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has realized the disadvantages of not convening the party congress in time, and consciously should overcome the defect that the party congress cannot be held frequently. So1On April 28th, 956, Mao Zedong raised the issue of "permanent representative system" at the Party Congress for the first time in his concluding speech at the enlarged meeting in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. He said: "We can follow the practice of people's congresses and set up permanent representatives of the Party. We have people's congresses and party congresses, and party congresses are party congresses. What are the advantages of having a permanent representative? In other words, a congress can be held once a year. We haven't held a party congress for ten years. With the resident representative system, we have a meeting every year. Is it possible to consider adopting this method, such as a five-year term? " 1956 In September, at the Eighth National Congress of communist party, China, Deng Xiaoping systematically expounded the permanent system of the Party's Congress in the Report on Amending party constitution. He said that in order to "raise inner-party democracy to a higher level, the CPC Central Committee decided to adopt a fundamental reform in the party constitution draft, that is, to change the party's national, provincial and county-level congresses into permanent ones, which is more or less similar to people's congresses at all levels." This great political design and system innovation not only solved the problem of the integrity of the party's supreme power, but also provided a fundamental organizational guarantee for the annual meeting system of the party congress. On this issue, Deng Xiaoping emphasized the following points: first, he evaluated the implementation of the permanent system of party congresses as a "fundamental reform" to improve the democratic living standards within the party; Secondly, he believes that the greatest advantage of this reform is that the congress can become the party's completely effective highest decision-making organ and the highest supervision organ; Third, he believes that the implementation of the permanent system has greatly reduced the burden of the election of deputies, and the congress can be convened at any time before the expiration of the term of office. Because it is an annual meeting, the meeting of the congress can be simpler; Fourthly, he pointed out that because the deputies are permanent and responsible for the units that elected them, it is convenient to collect the opinions and experiences of lower-level organizations, party member and the people on a regular basis, and they are more representative at the congress meetings. When the congress is not in session, they can also supervise the work of party organs in an appropriate way. Finally, he believes that this kind of reform will inevitably make great progress in inner-party democracy. Subsequently, the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a formal decision to implement the permanent system of party congresses, which was written into party constitution. Party constitution stipulates that the party's provincial, autonomous regional and municipal congresses are elected for a term of three years, and the county, autonomous county and municipal congresses are elected for a term of two years and hold a meeting once a year. In June, the Central Committee stipulated the permanent production of local congresses held before the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and in June, the Central Committee stipulated the number of deputies to local congresses at all levels and the issue of by-elections. At that time, Party congresses in provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions (except Tibet) and about 65,438+0,500 counties (autonomous counties and cities) throughout the country implemented the permanent system of Party congresses from this meeting.
The permanent system of party congress was put forward and put into practice. Theoretically, the system design of the permanent system of the Party Congress is a combination of the annual meeting system and the resident representative system, and it is a scientific development of the annual meeting system advocated by Marx, Engels and Lenin. But later, due to the increasing destruction of inner-party democracy, this kind of meeting not only did not continue, but also it was difficult to guarantee the regular convening of party congresses for general elections. By 1969, the Ninth National Congress of the Party held during the Cultural Revolution adopted a "new" party constitution with a strong "Left" color, which not only abolished the permanent system of party congresses, but also stipulated that party congresses should be held every five years. Since then, the tenth and eleventh national congresses of the Party have maintained the provisions of the ninth national congress and have not returned to the provisions of the eighth national congress. However, the discussion on this issue has not run aground. On the eve of the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, there were different opinions within the Party on whether to restore the permanent system of the Party Congress in the newly revised party constitution. However, due to various reasons, the permanent system of the party congress has not been restored. After the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the theme that "under the new historical conditions, we should explore new ways of Party building through reform and system construction rather than political movement", the question of how to further improve the system of Party congresses was raised to a higher position. 198865438+In February, with the approval of the Central Organization Department, Jiaojiang District (county level) and Shaoxing City (prefecture level) of Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province successively started the pilot work of the permanent system of Party congresses. Since then, pilot projects have been carried out in Lindian County and Zhaodong City of Heilongjiang Province, Datong Mining Area, Hongdong County of Shanxi Province, Yuci District of Jinzhong City, heshun county, Yongjia County and Ruian City of Zhejiang Province, xinji city City of Hebei Province and Hengshan County of Hunan Province. After entering the new century, the theoretical research on the permanent system of the party congress has entered a new stage. The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: "Expand the pilot of the permanent system of city and county party congresses. Actively explore ways and forms to play a representative role during the intersessional period of the Party Congress. " The Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee reiterated this scientific conclusion, which undoubtedly opened up a new theoretical space for discussing the permanent system of the Party Congress. Since then, the theoretical circle has set off a wave of research on the permanent system of the party congress. At the same time, many places actively expand various fields and earnestly practice the permanent system of party congresses, and constantly make rich theoretical and practical preparations for the pilot work of the permanent system of party congresses. Exploring the real connotation of the current pilot work of the permanent system of the Party Congress in China is to make the pilot process really become a process of exposing, discovering and solving problems. Its ultimate goal is to accumulate experience, correct mistakes, seek better schemes and methods, constantly standardize and improve, avoid political risks, and strive to meet the requirements of scientific, democratic and legal governance.