The Western Zhou Dynasty (BC 1046 ~ BC 77 1) was founded by Zhou Wuwang Ji Fa, the son of Zhou Wenwang, with Haojiang and Fengjing as its capital and Zhouluoyi as its east in Wang Wunian. Historically, the Zhou Dynasty before moving eastward was called the Western Zhou Dynasty. The Western Zhou Dynasty * * * spread 12 king, which lasted about 275 years. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the process of continuous integration of various ethnic groups and tribes in China has been going on. During this period, Huaxia nationality gradually formed and became the predecessor of modern Han nationality. Since the Zhou Dynasty, the process of continuous integration of various ethnic groups and tribes in China has been going on. During this period, Huaxia nationality gradually formed and became the predecessor of modern Han nationality. There are many other ethnic minorities, such as Yi, Manchu, Yue, Rongdi, Yi and Donghu. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC-256 BC) refers to the second half of the Zhou Dynasty. From the eastward migration of the Zhou royal family to Luoyi (now Luoyang) to its demise, it was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history, which was different from the Western Zhou Dynasty when Ducheng was in Haojing period. The royal family of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty existed in name only. The first king of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was Zhou Pingwang (Yijiu). After 5 15 years, 25 kings were handed down, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty occupied most of the Zhou Dynasty. Finally, it was destroyed by Qin. In the first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the princes fought for hegemony for more than 200 years, which was called "Spring and Autumn Period" in history. In the second half of the year, the other vassal States continued to fight against each other, which was called the "Warring States Period". In the face of the attack and merger between princes and the invasion of foreigners on the border, the son of heaven could not bear the responsibility of the Lord and often turned to some powerful princes for help. In this case, the powerful princes will usurp the role of overlord. When the central plains governors invaded the four foreign countries, they rallied to defend themselves with the slogan of "respecting the king and resisting foreign countries". 1) Eastern Zhou Chunqiu:

During the Spring and Autumn Period from 770 BC to 476 BC, some big vassal states fought a series of annexation wars for land, population and domination over other vassal states. Whoever defeats them will hold a vassal state meeting to force everyone to recognize his "hegemony" status. Qi Huangong, Song Xianggong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang have risen to become the hegemons. They are called "Spring and Autumn Period" in history.

In the process of vassal hegemony, the number of vassal States gradually decreased, and Huaxia people had frequent exchanges with other nationalities, which promoted national integration. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Qiantang River also participated in the hegemony war. At first, the State of Wu defeated the State of Yue and forced it to yield. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, suffered every day and was determined to take revenge. He pays attention to increasing production, training and accumulating strength. Finally, the State of Wu was wiped out. In the Spring and Autumn Period, iron tools were used in agriculture and handicraft production. Iron tools are used in agricultural production, such as hoes and axes. Iron tools are harder and sharper than wood, stone and bronze tools. The use of iron marks a significant improvement in social productivity. At that time, Niu Gengdi was also used. Farming techniques have been improved and agricultural production has been further developed. Some nobles turned public land into private land and gradually adopted new ways of exploitation.

(2) the Eastern Zhou and Warring States Period:

From 475 BC to 22 BC1year, it was the Warring States Period in China. During the Spring and Autumn Period, after a long and fierce war for hegemony, the main vassal states were Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin, which were called "Seven Heroes of the Warring States" in history.

During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the upsurge of water conservancy construction mainly based on farmland irrigation gradually rose. There are many types of water conservancy projects, including pond water storage, irrigation and flood diversion, channel irrigation and various water diversion systems. The architectural technology of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty has reached a high level. The famous Luban, like the Lu people, is an outstanding representative of folk craftsmen and is respected as the founder by later generations. Most of the architectural relics of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty discovered by archaeological excavations are palace ruins and unearthed. There are also bronze arches, bronze decorations and bronze house models. From this, we can imagine the grandeur of palace architecture in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, great powers fought for hegemony and wars were frequent. Due to political, military and economic needs, the vassal States spared no effort to expand roads to farther and more dangerous places on the basis of the traffic trunk lines of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Therefore, objectively promoted the development of transportation. The Silk Road in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty even ran across Eurasia. At that time, the use of carriages was very common. At this time, the "Ji Wang" under the direct jurisdiction of the emperor was greatly reduced under the constant harassment of Emperor Rong and the constant encroachment of governors. In the end, only one or two hundred Li of Fiona Fang was left in the Zhou Dynasty, which is the site of today's western corner of Henan; At the same time, the emperor's power to control the princes and direct military power are also being lost. The emperor is not only a vassal economically, but also a vassal politically. But in the name of the Lord of "* * *", the emperor still has appeal. Therefore, some vassal States, which gradually became stronger with the development of local economy, actively developed their own forces under the banner of the royal family.