Heaven and earth always went deep into the people and avoided the investigation of the Manchu government. Its origin has the following theories.
Anti-Qing and Restoration Theory
Anti-Qing Restoration Theory: It is believed that the Heaven and Earth Society was founded by adherents of the Ming Dynasty, or that Chen Yonghua under Zheng Chenggong participated in the initial organization, with the purpose of "anti-Qing Restoration".
The support group said
The mutual aid group said that the Heaven and Earth Society was a mutual aid group organized by the lower classes of society. At the beginning of its establishment, it did not have the purpose of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight".
Military organizations say
Green camp, Xiang Army, Chu Army and other retired soldiers, armed but unemployed, often joined the Jianghu underworld organizations to seek income, but were repeatedly banned by the government, rebelled against the Qing Dynasty in anger, excused themselves from "delaying the ambition of the king" and committed the crime of ganging up and looting. Sichuan area is called Paoge Club.
Main legends about the origin of heaven and earth society
Legend has it that Emperor Kangxi recruited Fujian Pu? After the great victory, some people falsely accused these Shaolin masters of their intention to rebel, so the court sent eight banners soldiers to burn and destroy the South Shaolin Temple. There are five Shaolin laymen, born to die. From then on, they hated the Qing Dynasty, and established the Hong Men for the sake of "Hong Men Five Weeks" and "Parents", vowing to fight against the Qing Dynasty and regain sight. Therefore, they called it the Heaven-Earth Society and respected Zheng Chenggong as the bodhi old zu.
Dialectical
Zheng Chenggong was founded: Zheng Chenggong, the king of Yanping, defeated the Dutch East India Company and occupied Taiwan Province Province (successor Zheng Jing and the next Zheng Keshuang died in 1683), still determined to restore the Central Plains. Therefore, he established the Red Gate and the Red Gate Resistance Organization in Chinese mainland, code-named "Liu Han".
In order to show disobedience to the Qing Dynasty, the nickname "Heaven and Earth Society" was adopted by Hong Men. Since then, it has been repeatedly banned and evolved into Gankun Club, Dim Club, Sanfen Club, Sanhe Club, Circle Club, Liu Han (Stay) Club and Bagua Club. It is reported that there are more than 50 names.
Hong Men Wu Zhou should be a general who resisted the Qing soldiers with Shi Kefa. Later, he joined Zheng Chenggong and Hong Men to stay in the "Liu Han" organization in Chinese mainland, recruited anti-Qing righteous men, and waited for the order of Taiwan Province to join the army in Chen Yonghua (alias Chen Jinnan). Chen Yonghua alias Chen Jinnan, there are many contacts, all in the name of "Chen Jinnan" issued orders. According to legend, when Chen Jinnan was in Hubei, he once lived in the "White Crane Cave" in the south of Xiangyang, and was called "Road flyover of White Crane". In the name of preaching, he traveled all over the world and contacted people with lofty ideals. The image of "White Crane Fairy Teacher" is the symbol of China organization. Many places in Taiwan Province Province now have the custom of offering sacrifices to the crane fairy or mother.
After Zheng Ke surrendered to the Qing court in the Ming and Zheng Dynasties, the Chinese martial arts schools they left in Fujian and Guangdong were collectively called South Shaolin Kung Fu, and the people in Guangdong and Guangxi called martial arts Kung Fu.
In the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong (176 1), the monk Zheng Honger, alias Wan Yunlong, founded the Heaven and Earth Society in Fujian, advocating anti-Qing and regaining sight, chanting Buddhism during the day, gathering people to gamble at night, saving money and planning an uprising. His son Ji Zheng, his subordinates Chen Biao, Chen Pi, Zhang Pu, Zhang Gou (Broken Face Dog), Lu Mao and Zhang Gou.
In the thirty-third year of Qianlong (1768), Yunlong sent Lu Mao to lead more than 300 people to attack the yamen in Zhangpu County. But before all the ministers arrived, it was revealed that dozens of people were killed and more than 300 people in the congregation were captured. At the beginning of the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong (1770), Yunlong sent Li Shaomin to honor Zhu Zhenxing, the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty, as the "King of Revitalization". Unexpectedly, when the government got wind of it, the incident went away immediately. Yunlong was defeated twice and lost hundreds of people. When they were arrested, they were afraid of Yunlong's revenge on their relatives and giving up Yunlong. Yunlong, pretending to be a monk, is still at ease in the temple, and the government doesn't know. After Yunlong's death, his son Ji Zheng took over the Heaven and Earth Society, and his legal name was Xingyi.
After the Lin incident, the court strictly investigated the Fujian-Taiwan Heaven and Earth Association and revealed that the mastermind of the above two incidents was. His son Xingyi was arrested. In the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789), Wu Lanna, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and Xu Sizeng, the governor of Fujian, memorialized the contents: "In the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong, propose to create Heaven and Earth Society ... The common name of this criminal is Ryan, and the monk's name is Tixi, also known as Tu, also known as Er Monk Hong."
In memory of Wan Yunlong, the congregation of the Heaven and Earth Society often call themselves "Brother Wan", and even use "Wan" as the code word of the surname: for example, "Who are you?"