* * * Capitalism is a political belief or social state. The social country he refers to refers to the British communist society, that is, the capitalist society; When he mentioned political beliefs, he meant British communism.
* * * Materialism, as a theory, was first founded by Christian theologians, and the concepts of "distribution according to work, distribution according to need (payment according to need)" were first put forward by these theologians. Marx's contribution to the theory of * * * productism lies in turning it from a fantasy into a scientific platform. The science mentioned here refers to historical materialism and materialist dialectics founded by Marx.
Realizing * * * productism was put forward by Karl Marx and friedrich engels through social and political movements (see * * * Manifesto of the Productive Party), which was later inherited and carried forward by Lenin and others, and is still developing and perfecting.
Marxism analyzes the social class division and social development direction, and puts forward the theory that human society will inevitably move towards * * * productism.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Leninism developed from Marxism advocated seizing power by force through violent revolution.
Theoretically, * * * capitalism is a society in which classes are eliminated, productive forces are greatly developed, and material wealth and spiritual wealth are extremely rich. All property belongs to all mankind, and all people enjoy social and economic rights equally. People no longer regard labor as a means of making a living, but "labor will become people's first need."
According to the theory of * * * productism, it must go through long-term development, and the first step to realize * * * productism is to seize political power through revolution and violence and establish a socialist country. In the words of Marxism, the bourgeoisie, which occupies a minority population and is in a dominant and exploitative position, will be replaced by the proletariat, which occupies a majority population and has been exploited and ruled for a long time. In Marxist theoretical works, this regime is called "dictatorship of the proletariat". Marxism believes that capitalism will perish, society will develop into socialism and finally democracy.
Marx pointed out that the material foundation of a democratic society is laid by capitalism. Without the full development of capitalism, it is impossible to enter democracy.
Marx and Engels' Foresight of * * Production Society
(1) Social productivity will be highly developed and labor productivity will be unprecedentedly improved.
(2) The society will possess all the means of production, and make the socialist ownership transition to the * * * production ownership.
(3) The old social division of labor will disappear, and mankind will gain free and all-round development.
(4) Fully implement the planned economy to fully meet the material and cultural needs of the people.
⑤ Implement the principle of distribution from each according to his ability and according to his needs.
6. This country finally perished.
* * * The practice of capitalism
* * * Producer Union
Marx and Engels devoted themselves to combining the theory of scientific socialism with the practice of workers' movement. At the beginning of 1846, the * * * Production Communication Committee established in Brussels made ideological and organizational preparations for the establishment of the proletarian revolutionary party. 1in June, 847, the * * * proletarian alliance reorganized by the London Rightist Alliance took German workers as the main body and absorbed workers from Britain, France, Belgium and other countries. It is the first proletarian revolutionary party in the world with scientific socialism as its guiding ideology. Its establishment marks the birth of the international proletarian movement. 1848 February's * * * Declaration of the Productive Party put forward "Proletarians of the world, unite!" The battle slogan, the proletarian revolutionary party has a clear theoretical and practical program, which guides the international proletarian movement to advance triumphantly.
During the period of 1848, many European countries set off a bourgeois-democratic revolution. In France, where the class struggle is particularly acute, the proletariat acted as the main force to overthrow the dictatorship of the financial aristocracy in July, armed against the bourgeoisie and sought its own liberation. 1848 The June Uprising of Paris Workers was the first decisive battle between the two opposing classes in modern society. * * * Members of the producers' union took an active part in the European Revolution of 1848. 1852 ~165438+10 After the trial of * * producers in Cologne in October, according to Marx's proposal, 1852+065438+ 10 * * producers' alliance was dissolved.
First International (1864- 1876)
19 In the 1960s, the European workers' movement rose again. International Working Men’s Association, the first international joint proletarian organization, was founded in London on September 28th, 1984. Marx is one of the founders and actual leaders of First International. The proletariat of all countries has achieved unity on a larger scale, and the influence of the proletarian movement has expanded from Western Europe to more than a dozen countries in Eastern Europe and America. The First International laid the foundation for the international proletarian struggle for socialism. Marx and Engels criticized all kinds of wrong ideas and factions. In the struggle against proudhon and bakunin, and in the process of criticizing the wrong views and tendencies of British trade unionists, French Blanche and German Lassa, Marxism won the support of more and more workers and socialists, and gradually established its leading position in the international workers' movement. Its spiritual birth, 187 1 Paris commune revolution (1792 ~ 1794), is the first heroic attempt of the proletariat to overthrow bourgeois rule, establish a new democratic country and implement proletarian dictatorship in human history. 1865 the first international headquarters moved to new york, USA. First International has held five congresses and two conferences. After the failure of the Paris Commune Revolution, the international workers' movement was in a very difficult situation, facing the persecution of reactionary forces in various countries and the destruction of internal bakunin elements. The organizational form of the first international cannot adapt to the new situation and tasks. According to Marx's suggestion, it was dissolved during the meeting of delegates in Philadelphia, USA in July 1876.
Paris Commune
Paris workers and other working people 187 1 proletarian regime established after the March Revolution 18. The first attempt to overthrow bourgeois rule and implement proletarian dictatorship in world history. Eventually killed by the bourgeois government. After the defeat, the government forces carried out a bloody massacre of the people of Paris. According to statistics, 29,804 people died in battle, 7,294 people died in battle, and 6,097 people were imprisoned or exiled.
Second International (1889- 19 14 years)
Great changes have taken place in the world situation and the international workers' movement since 1970s. After a period of peaceful development, capitalism has shifted from the stage of free competition to the stage of monopoly capitalism or imperialism. The task of the proletariat of all countries in the new historical period is to establish independent proletarian political parties, accumulate and exercise their own strength, and prepare for the future socialist revolution.
1889, 14 In July, at the initiative of Engels, the international socialist congress attended by 393 representatives from 22 countries was held in Paris, and the new proletarian international organization, the Second International, was established. The second international, especially in its early days (1889 ~ 1900), is organizing and accumulating revolutionary forces to unite and educate the working class; Accumulate experience in parliamentary struggle and carry out the struggle against capitalism and militarism; Spread Marxism and eliminate the influence of anarchism; A lot of work has been done in strengthening internationalist unity and other aspects, which has promoted the development of the international workers' movement and the socialist movement.
The Overflow of Revisionism and the Formation of Leninism
After capitalism entered the stage of imperialism, with the change of bourgeois strategy, there was a new division within the international workers' movement and Bernstein revisionism appeared. Since 1896, E Bernstein has tampered with the basic principles of Marxism in theory and denied proletarian revolution and dictatorship in a series of articles and works. The revolutionary leftists in proletarian political parties in various countries have opposed revisionism to varying degrees.
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19 14 when the first world war broke out in July, most leaders of the second international party degenerated into social chauvinists and actively supported the imperialist war on the side of their own governments. The second international collapsed.
Lenin developed Marxist theory in an all-round way in the struggle against the Second International Revisionism and Menshevik, and in the process of guiding Russian revolutionary practice and summing up theory.
The Victory of October Revolution and the Wave of Eurasian Revolution
Tsarist Russia is the intersection of various contradictions of imperialism. Its participation in the imperialist world war led to the intensification of contradictions and the people's revolutionary sentiment. 19 17 in March (February in Russian calendar), workers in Petrograd went on strike on a large scale, which quickly developed into an armed uprising and overthrew the autocratic rule of Romanov dynasty. The February Revolution in Russia was a bourgeois democratic revolution led by the proletariat and its political parties. Lenin put forward the task of transition from democratic revolution to socialist revolution in time. After the July incident in which the bourgeois provisional government brutally suppressed the demonstrators, the possibility of peaceful development of the revolution has disappeared. Workers and revolutionary soldiers in Petrograd led by Bolshevik Party held an armed uprising on June 5438+0917165438+1October 7 (Russian calendar 65438+1October 25) and successfully seized power. The October Revolution overthrew bourgeois rule, proclaimed the birth of the first socialist country with proletarian dictatorship in the world, and began the historical process of human transition from capitalism to socialism.
The end of the First World War and the victory of the October Revolution deepened the all-round economic crisis and political crisis of imperialist countries and aroused the climax of proletarian revolutionary movements and national liberation movements in various countries. There is a wave of international revolution in Europe and Asia.
United * * * (Bolshevik) debate on building socialism.
The Third International (19 19- 1943)
World War II and its early victories.
Drastic changes in eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union
Contemporary production movement
At present, the countries ruled by the * * * production party are People's Republic of China (PRC), the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Cuba. Most of these countries are now in the so-called "primary stage of socialism". But in practice, some countries have partially implemented the traditional capitalist economic system-market economy system, such as China; But some countries still have a single planned economy system, such as North Korea.
After the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the production party of the former Soviet Union was once banned, but most of it was soon lifted. After the lifting of the ban, some producers became more active. But now, except Moldova, most of them are in trouble. The main reasons are as follows: First, the party member team is aging; Secondly, policies and guidelines can not adapt to social changes; Thirdly, there are many internal factions, which cannot form a strong fighting core; Fourth, the mass base is weakened.
2 1 century, leftists in Latin American countries came to power one after another, among which Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and Nicaragua all announced the establishment of socialist countries. Among them, Venezuela is the most striking, nationalizing oil, electricity and telecommunications and announcing the implementation of collective ownership.
In 2007, through negotiations with the government, the Nepali Production Party abandoned its armed struggle and joined the Parliament, and appointed party member as the government minister. At present, the largest party in Nepal is the Congress Party, with 85 seats in Parliament, and the two production parties in Nepal each have 83 seats.