Jeremy Donovan extracted a set of system model of "excellent public speaking" by analyzing the content and structure of massive ted speech videos. By learning this model, we can systematically master the design method of public speech. Furthermore, it can provide an effective solution to the problem of "how to really express your thoughts". The full text is divided into two parts, which are analyzed from two aspects: the content and the scene of the speech.
The purpose of a speech is to give and spread ideas that a person strongly wants to share through a speech. In this sense, even if only one person in the audience is touched in mind and thought, it is a successful speech.
Therefore, when determining the theme of the speech, the first thing is that it should be your "familiar and passionate topic"; Then, you need to extract the ideas you can't wait to share with everyone from these topics; Finally, you need to work out a set of action directions for how to realize this idea conveniently and effectively.
After determining the theme and viewpoint of the speech, the next thing to do is to add arguments to the speech and fill in the arguments. If the viewpoint is the backbone, then the argument is the rib and the argument is the flesh and blood.
When adding arguments, it is suggested to use "clear logic" to promote the expansion of ideas. This requires us to use inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning to organize arguments and arguments. Inductive reasoning is to prove a general conclusion-that is, a point worth spreading through a group of specific events, trends or observations. On the contrary, deductive reasoning is to draw a specific statement or individual conclusion from a general conclusion by gradually narrowing the scope.
In addition, when providing arguments for arguments, you need to find the "best combination point" of stories and opinions, and combine arguments and arguments perfectly to make your speech harmonious, complete and unified.
So how to do it specifically? The author puts forward a five-element speech outline. In the outline, the speaker starts with the introduction (step 1), then goes to part A, which starts with an argument (step 2), and then puts forward an argument (step 3). An argument is a rational point of view or explanation, which is obtained from the perspective of examples. Then, repeat this pattern in parts B and C, and switch between arguments and arguments step by step. Finally, the speaker concludes with a conclusion (step 8).
This paper takes Simono as an example. Sinek's TED talk "The Golden Circle Rule" is taken as an example to interpret and analyze.
In order to make the audience feel better and make the speech more appealing, you need a story worth telling to support your point of view. The content of the story can be a lesson you want to teach yourself when you are young, a decisive moment in your life, or a process in which you overcome your weaknesses.
In addition, the author also provides the most basic story-telling mode-"heroic journey". Basically, it follows the pattern shown in the figure below.
After determining the theme, lecture notes and stories, we also need to grasp the slogan, opening remarks, transition and ending in the speech process.
Good slogans can fully represent ideas worth spreading, short and pithy, action-oriented, and rhyme with them. In your speech, repeat slogans to deepen the impression of the audience, and then promote the spread of your views. In addition, the opening ceremony is "the peak of audience attention". On the one hand, you need to adjust the opening atmosphere according to the "venue atmosphere". On the one hand, you need a good opening way to build the audience's interest. In addition, you need to use "transition" as a link between the preceding and the following, and express "clear central idea" at the end.
Imagine such a phenomenon, many times when you talk to your friends in private, you always have witty remarks; But when the form is more formal and the number of people is more, those surging opinions and words suddenly disappear, and you begin to become flushed and fidgety, as if you can't even say a complete sentence. We all know that this is not because your point of view disappears, but because of the lack of preparation and skills after the scene changes. Tasting some small disturbances will make us unprepared, clumsy and hasty.
Therefore, it is far from enough to have a touching speech. We need enough skills to control the speech scene. For this problem, the author gives a solution from three aspects.
Through research and summary, the author summed up six emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, love and sadness. In a speech, you can arouse the imagination of the audience and stimulate their reflection through different emotions.
How should we express our emotions? This requires the perfect combination of language skills and non-language skills. In terms of language, vivid rhetoric, conversational communication and interaction, humorous stories, enthusiasm and switching the appropriate pronunciation and intonation and speed can be considered to narrow the distance with the audience and attract their attention. In terms of non-verbal skills, you also need to pay attention to standing posture, gestures, expressions and eyes. All in all, any method you can use to mobilize your emotions needs to be used together.
When speaking, auxiliary tools are not necessary. Great speakers will take off their masks, forget all the rules and speak in simple and true language. When speaking, anything that may become an obstacle between you and the audience, whether physical or emotional, should be removed.
Therefore, slides, videos, props and other tools that may distract the speaker's attention must be used carefully. The core principle is to give full play to the topics of the speech as much as possible, while paying attention to preventing them from distracting the audience.
Here, all the problems in the speech process have been fully considered. But things are not over yet, and there are still some details worthy of attention. For example, the dress should match your role, the introduction of the host, full enthusiasm, full rehearsal and training, backup and consideration of the worst situation (such as forgetting words and stage mistakes) and any other factors that may affect the speech.
If we can fully implement these methods and techniques, we will have a great chance to make a good speech. But we may not need to make a speech. What can that book bring us? After reading this book, I have the following gains.
The author's analysis object is speech. Facing this object, the author divides it into core function (voice content) and running environment (voice site). The core function is value, so the whole chapter focuses on how to find a topic worth sharing and how to make the content of the speech exciting enough. The focus of the operating environment is how to present the core functions to the audience perfectly, so the environment and process of the whole speech become the key analysis factors. This thinking process of "content+scene" can effectively construct the complete system architecture of the research object and is a reference method for studying problems.
In the last issue of sharing, I also struggled for a long time about how to share travel books. Later, it was found that Yusuke's travel story was completely in line with the model of "heroic journey", even a little strange. Yuksuke's first danger is near the golden section in the book. Without thinking, I applied the mode of "heroic journey" and successfully completed the sharing of "Go or die: 95,000 miles around the world by bicycle".
After reading this book, I suddenly found in a departmental seminar that when I was nervous, I smacked my lips when I spoke. I didn't feel anything suddenly harsh before. This is an obvious mantra. Later, I began to add "Don't smack your lips" to the daily billboards. After almost two or three months of hard work, this phenomenon has improved significantly. When I want to smack my lips, I always use a short silence instead. But it's not over yet. I found that during the heated discussion, the two phrases "no" and "but" became prominent again, and now these two words have become the checkpoint for me to check my clock in every day.
The words "keep away" were learned in the agile revolution and refer to three realms in Japanese kendo learning. In the realm of "keeping", you know all the rules and actions and repeat them constantly; In the realm of "breaking", you begin to learn and innovate after you are fully familiar with the relevant actions; In the realm of "separation", you can get rid of the shackles of form, which is a real grasp of the essence and can innovate according to your own wishes.
In this book, the author has always emphasized that skills and rules are only auxiliary, and great speakers will take off their disguise, forget all the rules and speak in simple and true language. The epee has no front, and the clever thinking is ineffective. My final feeling is that while learning and applying the rules of skills, we should always remind ourselves to pay attention to the background and not be bound by the rules.
Note: The charts in this article are all from the secret of TED Talk: 18 minutes to change the world.