Curriculum standard: (1) Understand the social situation in Athens before Solon's reform and the necessity of Solon's reform.

(2) Briefly describe the main measures of Solon's reform and point out the basic characteristics of the reform. - b$ q/ Y. i，W6 ~ ' N； S

(3) Analyze the influence of Solon's reform on Athens' democratic construction.

1. Reform background:

(1) The contradiction between nobles and civilians has intensified.

(2) The rise of industrial and commercial slave owners requires sharing rights and implementing reforms. ③ Italian sausage crisis

(4) Solon was elected as the chief executive in 594 BC.

2. Main measures and functions:

(1) economic reform:

(1) issued a negative order to abolish private debts. Abolish debt slavery.

Function: To legally protect the personal freedom of civilians and form a relatively stable group of citizens.

(2) Encourage the development of agriculture and industry and commerce. Function: to lay a solid class foundation for Athenian democracy

(2) Political reform:

(1) First, establish a property hierarchy. Function: expand the participation of industrial and commercial slave owners in political power, and civilians enjoy certain rights; Broke the situation of aristocratic monopoly

Second, reform the organs of state power.

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First, guide reading.

Human history is a complicated social evolution process. Since the emergence of human society, reform has been accompanied by social progress and has become one of the driving forces of historical progress. Although the reform is not as vigorous as the revolution, it promotes social progress in its own unique way. There are many reforms in human history. This module selects 9 major reforms, which run through all times and all over the world, whether successful or unsuccessful, full of twists and turns. But they all played a certain role in promoting the progress of history, so they are remembered by history!

First, the important ways of human social evolution: revolution, reform and war.

Learning this module must make clear the difference between reform and revolution. Both reform and revolution are aimed at promoting the development of productive forces and realizing social progress, but they take two completely different ways.

Second, one of the important ways of human social evolution: social revolution (violence)

1. Major revolutions in history: British bourgeois revolution, French revolution, Russian October socialist revolution, China Xinhai revolution, new democratic revolution, etc.

Revolution is caused by violence, not by blood. It breaks down the dilapidated political superstructure by violence and seizes state power by violence, which is often accompanied by the replacement of state power, resulting in great changes in political, economic, cultural and social order.

2. The root of the Great Revolution: the result of the contradiction between productivity and production relations, economic base and superstructure.

3. The fundamental purpose: to break down the dilapidated political superstructure by violence, seize state power and establish an ideal social system.

4. Leadership strength and methods: bottom-up violence initiated by the lower class.

Third, one of the important ways of human social evolution: social reform (peace)

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The above two parts are excerpts from several materials I have at hand. If necessary, please send it to QQ mailbox wouc (just add a suffix).