Scientifically speaking, harmonious coexistence means treating nature according to the laws of nature. But in any case, human transformation of nature will not stop from ancient times to the present until the future. Otherwise, how to solve the increasing problems of human food, clothing, housing and transportation? Therefore, the transformation is absolute and we should not avoid it. The problem is how to reform.
Harmony between man and nature means production development, affluent life and good ecology. How to realize the harmonious development between man and nature is very important. First, we should correctly understand nature and its laws. Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle. This is the magic weapon that Sun Tzu said in Sun Tzu's Art of War to defeat the enemy. In fact, it is a truth to transform nature and realize harmonious coexistence and development with nature. First of all, we should try our best to understand the nature and its laws that people face. This requires investigation and research, scientific exploration, and analysis from the outside to the inside to prevent impetuous carelessness. This is the purpose of emphasizing Scientific Outlook on Development and advocating investigation and research.
The second is to pay attention to scientific experiments while summing up past experience. The industrious and intelligent people of China have observed nature for a long time and accumulated rich experience in transforming and living in harmony with nature. Dujiangyan, Suzhou gardens and terraced fields on the Loess Plateau ... are all successful examples of predecessors' transformation and harmonious coexistence with nature. They come from predecessors' correct understanding of objective things and in-depth grasp of their laws, and are also the result of repeated practice and understanding for thousands of years. We should seriously sum up. While emphasizing taking history as a mirror, we should also emphasize investigation and research, scientific experiments, development in inheritance and practice, and innovation in development. Don't slogan and simplify the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
Facing the rapid development of social economy and the increasing improvement of people's living standards. At the same time of human development, our natural environment is facing an increasingly serious crisis of destruction, and human beings continue to destroy the natural environment, resulting in a series of natural environmental disasters. Faced with such a situation, we can't deny the contradiction between man and nature, but it doesn't mean that man and nature can't live in harmony.
As long as human beings make rational use of resources, stop wantonly destroying natural resources and adopt corresponding protection policies and measures for nature, people and nature can live in harmony. Therefore, if people want to live in harmony with nature, they must rely on their own efforts. It is everyone's responsibility to protect the environment from me.
First, the connotation and essence of harmonious coexistence between man and nature
Harmony means that all the elements and parts in the system are in proportion and well coordinated. An ecosystem, especially in global, regional or local areas, is a complex system of cattle community and its environment (including water, atmosphere, soil, rocks, etc.). ) is interdependent, interdependent, relatively stable and self-organized, and water is the most active and important controlling factor. While nourishing everything, water affects the evolution and changes of the whole nature with its own laws of abundance and dryness and dynamic characteristics. All life elements in the ecosystem are born of water and exist according to it, which is very sensitive to the quantitative and qualitative changes of water. To build water conservancy projects and eliminate floods, human society thrives and develops in the dependence and struggle with water. Dealing with the relationship between man and nature in water control has become an important topic for the sustainable survival and development of mankind.
The so-called harmony between man and nature in water control is people-oriented and the balance and coordination of the relationship between man and nature. Under the framework of the whole basin ecosystem, we should properly handle the relationship between human activities and water conservancy and water disasters, rationally seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, correctly treat natural disasters such as floods and droughts, and reduce man-made disasters such as water pollution. At the same time, minimize the interference of human activities on the water cycle and reduce human encroachment on water. Handle the relationship between human water intake and other water use in nature, control the development and utilization of water resources in a state that can maintain the basic functions of water bodies and the sustainable utilization of water resources, so that water can benefit the whole nature while benefiting human beings.
Adhering to the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in water control reflects the change of value orientation. From "people-oriented" and the value concept of human controlling and ruling nature, it has changed into a people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept, emphasizing the harmonious development between man and nature and human progress. Adhering to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature in water control reflects the change of thinking mode. From an isolated and single-goal way of thinking to a systematic, comprehensive and dialectical way of thinking, from the previous goal of economic growth to the coordination of economic growth and ecosystem protection, taking into account all advantages and disadvantages, restraining human behavior and taking into account the harmony and stability of nature while transforming nature to meet human needs. The concept of harmony between man and nature involves all aspects of water control, from ideas, countermeasures and measures to planning, design and management, it needs constant exploration, practice and innovation.
Second, the harmony between man and nature is the only way for economic and social development to a certain extent and stage, and it is the inevitable choice for human beings after summing up their experiences and lessons.
In the long history before the industrial revolution, the level of productivity was relatively low, human activities had little impact on nature, and man and nature maintained a relatively harmonious state. Philosophy emphasizes the connection, similarity and unity between "heaven" and "man", "nature" and "man-made". Zhuangzi believes that "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me", and heaven and man are one; Confucius advocated the theory of "destiny", regarded "destiny" as the master of all things, and asked people to "respect destiny" and "fear destiny"; Laozi advocates "natural inaction" and thinks that people are powerless in front of nature and society. This simple view of "harmony between man and nature" has led to the close and harmonious relationship between China's generation and nature. When dealing with the flood, we should "choose hills" to avoid the flood, "move the city to avoid it", "dredge the nine rivers" to divert the flood, and leave enough space on both sides of the river for the water to "rest, swim left and right, and be slow but not urgent" to store and detain the flood, which are all full manifestations of this idea. In the development of water and soil resources, the pre-Qin period emphasized that "the axe can enter the mountain with time, but the tree can't be used" and "those who don't plant trees have no trees", which played a very good role in protecting vegetation and planting trees.
With the passage of time, the rapid increase of population, the accumulation of human experience and knowledge, and the development of science and technology, especially after the industrial revolution, the ability of human beings to transform and influence nature has become stronger and stronger, and the idea that "man can conquer nature" and "man is the master of nature" has become stronger and stronger, and nature has gradually been regarded as an inexhaustible treasure, exploited and utilized unscrupulously, and at the same time regarded as a bottomless garbage bin. In recent decades, China's action of "changing the world" is unprecedented. In order to carry too many people, strive for more space and produce enough food, people occupy the river beach, reclaim land around the lake and destroy forests (grass) to open up wasteland; In order to meet the rapidly increasing demand for water, people have built one water storage and diversion project after another, which can cut off the Yellow River, dry up the Haihe River, drain the underground aquifer and use every drop of water. In order to reduce the production cost, sewage and wastewater are discharged into rivers and lakes without treatment.
More than a hundred years ago, Engels pointed out that human beings can dominate nature by changing it to serve their own purposes, but every step we take must remember that human beings never stand outside nature when ruling nature.
Nowadays, the concept of sustainable development is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Facing all kinds of problems in the field of water resources in China, it is an inevitable choice to change from "transforming and conquering nature" to "harmony between man and nature". Of course, this choice is not a simple repetition and regression of the distant past, but an all-round development and sublimation based on a deeper understanding and grasp of the law of water control and the pursuit and desire for sustainable development.
Three, adhere to the harmony between man and nature, we must adhere to respect the laws of nature, give full play to people's subjective initiative in water conservancy, and take the road of sustainable development of water conservancy.
The sun and the moon keep running, and the rivers keep running, which naturally has its own operating rules; Human beings take water, use water and drain water, and water enters human society. Water control activities need to follow social laws. Only by constantly discovering and understanding the law, following the law and applying the law in the practice of water control can we achieve tangible results.
1. Under the framework of ecosystem protection and restoration in the whole basin, the countermeasures to solve the water resources problem in China should be considered as a whole.
Watershed is the carrier of water resources, and any river, lake and other water bodies are closely related to their watersheds. Healthy rivers and lakes must have a healthy watershed ecosystem as the foundation and support. In the practice of water control, the solution of water resources problems should be considered under the framework of ecosystem protection and restoration in the whole basin.
The protection and restoration of watershed ecosystems include not only aquatic ecosystems such as lakes, rivers and wetlands, but also terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, grasslands and farmland. Mainly refers to the rational development and utilization of water, land, wetlands, vegetation and other natural resources in the basin, limiting or eliminating all kinds of disturbances that cause the degradation of the ecosystem, and realizing the sustainable utilization of water resources and the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem.
Protecting and restoring vegetation and wetlands in the basin will play a certain role in alleviating floods and droughts and reducing soil erosion and water pollution. From the hydrological point of view, forest vegetation and its underlying soil are like sponges, which can absorb a certain amount of rainwater (flood) when rainfall occurs, and then gradually release it, flow into rivers or infiltrate into underground aquifers. If forest vegetation is destroyed, the ability of soil to conserve water will be weakened, and the speed of rainwater flowing into rivers will be accelerated, which will undoubtedly aggravate the degree of flood in flood season and drought and water shortage in non-flood season. In addition, vegetation degradation will aggravate the degree of soil erosion by rain, increase the siltation of rivers and lakes, aggravate the flood disaster, and also adversely affect the development and utilization of water resources. Wetlands have a similar function. They can control floods in rainy season and can be used gradually in dry season. The research shows that every increase of 1% wetland area in the basin will reduce the river flood peak by nearly 4%. At the same time, vegetation, swamps and other forms of wetlands can naturally filter pollutants and excessive nutrients in the water flow, block sediments and improve the anti-pollution ability of water bodies.
In recent years, in vegetation restoration, the ecological environment in many areas has been improved obviously by emphasizing the use of natural laws, making full use of nature's self-repair ability and combining local artificial measures. Practice shows that the vegetation coverage of some degraded land can be greater than 0.6 after 3 to 5 years of enclosure. For large-scale ecological restoration projects such as returning farmland to forests (grasslands), closing hillsides to prohibit grazing and returning grazing to grasslands, although economic benefits can be considered on a large regional scale, local economic and social development and the improvement of people's living standards must be solved in the long run, and a benign development mechanism must be established. By implementing measures such as comprehensive management of small watersheds, warping dams, changing slopes into ladders, small water cellars and rainwater collection cabinets, a certain number of high-standard farmland will be built to solve the problems of farmers' food consumption and development; Irrigation "grazing" by developing artificial grassland
District water conservancy ",to solve the problem of animal husbandry development after grazing suspension and grazing prohibition; By developing small hydropower instead of fuel, solar energy, biogas and firewood forest, the rural energy problem can be solved and large-scale vegetation restoration can continue.