How does Germany elect a president?
The Federal President is elected by the Federal Parliament after discussion. All Germans who have reached the age of 40 and have the right to vote in the Bundestag can stand for election. The Federal Parliament consists of members of the Bundestag and an equal number of state legislators, who are elected by the state legislature according to the proportional representation system. The Federal Parliament is convened by the Speaker of the Bundestag.
The federal president has a five-year term and can only be re-elected once.
The Bundestag or the Federal Senate may file an impeachment request with the Federal Constitutional Court against the Federal President for intentionally violating the German Basic Law or other federal laws. After confirmation, the Federal Constitutional Court can announce the resignation of the Federal President.
When the Federal President is unable to exercise his functions and powers or leaves office early, his functions and powers shall be exercised by the Speaker of the Federal Senate.
German presidential election system
legal ground
Germany implements a three-level electoral system, namely, local elections, state parliamentary elections and federal parliamentary elections. According to Article 39 of the Basic Law, the Bundestag is elected every four years. Generally speaking, new elections are held in the autumn after the term of the Bundestag ends, 46 months at the earliest and 48 months at the latest. When the Bundestag is dissolved, new elections should be held within 60 days after dissolution. After the election of the new Bundestag, the meeting shall be held within 30 days after the election.
However, the basic law only stipulates the electoral system in principle, while the implementation rules such as electoral principles, electoral procedures and electoral institutions are specifically stipulated by the federal electoral law.
The Election Principles of German Political System
The first paragraph of Article 38 of the Basic Law stipulates five principles of election: Members of the German Bundestag are elected by universal, direct, free, equal and secret ballot, that is, the principles of universal, direct, free, equal and secret ballot are followed.
German political system election procedure
Germany's specific rules and order for electing state representative organs or public officials include the following nine aspects:
(a), the division of constituencies. The regional units that hold elections are generally divided by region or population. The electoral district is divided into several voting districts for the convenience of voters. In principle, the number of voters in each electoral district does not exceed 2,500.
(2) Voter qualification. Refers to the conditions prescribed by law to participate in elections.
(3) Voter registration. Refers to the procedures for electoral institutions to handle citizens' participation in elections according to law.
(4) candidates. In Germany, political parties usually put forward candidates for parliament, federal chancellor and federal president.
(5) elections. The campaign activities of German political parties include the following steps: formulating campaign platforms, recommending candidates, determining political issues and campaign slogans, and mobilizing and winning over voters.
(6) The electoral system refers to the rules and methods for electing deputies or members.
(7), ballot papers. It is a legal election document used by voters or electors to express their approval or opposition to candidates.
(8) Election counting system. After World War II, Germany began to adopt the mixed representative system, that is, the majority representative system and proportional representative system were used to count votes in the election, requiring voters to vote twice.
(9) Forecast the election results.
The history of successive presidential elections in Germany
The predecessor of the German Federal President.
Adolf? Hitler
It was during Weimar * * and Reichspr (19 19 to 1945? Sident). Compared with the functions and powers of the president stipulated in the Constitution of Weimar Republic, the functions and powers of the federal president are obviously weakened.
19 19 the Weimar constitution gives the president great power, not only to represent the country, but also to directly influence national politics by dissolving the house of representatives and appointing and dismissing the prime minister. He also has the power to issue emergency bills. In addition, the president is the supreme leader of the national army. President Weimar is called? An emperor without the title of emperor?
1933, the most powerful German president and field marshal Paul? Feng? Hindenburg appointed Hitler as German Chancellor, which enabled Hitler to come to power to launch World War II.
1934, after Hindenburg's death, Hitler combined the positions of president and prime minister into one, and called the head of state and prime minister of the empire (F? Hrer und Reichskanzler), Hitler served as president, prime minister and commander-in-chief of the three armed forces, abolished the Republic of China and established a fascist dictatorship until the end of World War II in 1945.
1949 On May 23rd, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded and the Basic Law of the German Constitution came into effect. It draws lessons from history and greatly limits the political rights of the federal president. The federal president cannot decide the federal prime minister alone, nor can he issue emergency bills alone, nor does he enjoy the supreme command over the national army. The Basic Law stipulates the functions and powers of the Federal President, who checks and balances with the Bundestag, the Federal Senate, the Federal Government and the Federal Constitutional Court.
1949 in August, the federal parliament elected teodor? Theodor Heuss was the first German federal president.
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