International Women's Day originated from commemorating the struggle of female workers in new york, USA from 65438 to 0908.
Wei Ze Foster, the former chairman of the American Production Party, wrote in the book History of the American Production Party: The American Socialist Party once expanded its activities to the fields of youth and religious figures at the beginning of the 20th century. "The Party has also done some work among women, and established the National Women's Committee in 1908. In the same year, female socialists in eastern new york organized a demonstration for voting rights on March 8, which later became International Women's Day. (See page 1 16 of the Chinese translation) This passage clearly shows that1March 8, 908, the women's demonstration in new york was the origin of International Women's Day. Ni @
Fabiana, a famous scholar who studies the history of American workers' movement, also holds this view. In his book "Women and the American Workers' Movement: From World War I to Today" published by 1980, he said: "Women workers in the knitting industry in new york rose up and held demonstrations on March 8, 2008, which led to the designation of March 8 as International Women's Day two years later. 19 10 At the International Women's Conference, Clara Zetkin, the leader of the German Socialist Party, proposed that March 8, when American women held demonstrations, be designated as International Women's Day. Since then, women in all countries have resolved to strive for equal rights for all women every year. " (Page 156) Yunnan Provincial Highway Administration Bureau-
The article "International Women's Day" in the Encyclopedia of American Women's History (Historical Materials Compilation Press, 2nd Edition, 2000) wrote: "Two strikes triggered the birth of Women's Day. The first time happened on March 8, 1857. Hundreds of female garment workers in new york took to the streets to protest against the poor working conditions, but were immediately forcibly dispersed by the police. The second time was March 8, 1908. Another group of women workers in new york garment industry, 15000, took to the streets to make demands: improving working conditions, fighting for the right to vote and stopping child labor. Their slogan is' bread and roses', which shows that they are eager to live a better life than the minimum needs. In order to commemorate their strike, the American Socialist Party held the first National Women's Day in the United States, which was subsequently proposed and adopted by Clara Zetkin, editor-in-chief of the German Socialist Women's Magazine Equality. " (page 127) >; . k0g
The above data can prove that International Women's Day originated from the struggle of female workers in new york, USA from 65438 to 0908. /)|L
"Chicago Women Workers' Struggle Theory" and "Petrograd Women Workers' Struggle Theory" are inconsistent with reality.
Who and when put forward the idea that International Women's Day originated from the struggle of Chicago women workers? VCftRC
From 1929 to 1939, China's newspaper articles only said that "March 8" originated from the struggle to commemorate American women workers on March 8 1909. 1940 People, a weekly magazine sponsored by Changjiang Bureau of China Central Committee, published seven articles commemorating International Women's Day on March 8th, Volume 4, Issue 7, including Wen Hui's History and Significance of March 8th. The article said: "As early as March 8, 1909, working women in Chicago held a demonstration for freedom and equality. This has received enthusiastic response from women all over the United States. 19 10, at the Second International Socialist Women's Congress held in Pinghagen, Denmark, Comrade Tsetkin, the leader of working women all over the world and the leader of the German * * * production party, proposed that March 8 of each year be designated as International Women's Day. " This is the origin of the "Chicago Women Workers' Struggle Theory" which has been circulated in China media for more than half a century. $
The first person who questioned this was Professor Kong Han Bing of Peking University. Since 1992, he has published many articles on this issue. In 2004, he co-authored the book A Review of International Women's Day (published by Peking University Publishing House), and thought that the statement that 1909 saw a female worker's protest in Chicago, USA, was not credible. In order to find out the situation, the author asked someone to inquire about the Chicago Tribune, which was founded by 1847, and got a clear answer: the newspaper never published the news of the demonstration of Chicago women workers on March 8, 909. R9|A
The above-mentioned book "Investigation of International Women's Day" holds that the resolution of the 19 10 Copenhagen International Women's Conference only said that "socialist women in all countries should have a festival every year" and did not stipulate March 8; 1921the international conference on productive women held in Moscow in June only designated March 8 as International Women's Day. This new research result does help us to understand the evolution of International Women's Day, but there are also some problems. It holds that March 8th is designated as Women's Day to commemorate the struggle of women workers in Petrograd, Russia. 19 17 has nothing to do with the struggle of women workers in American history. K=J\
In fact, at the Copenhagen meeting of 19 10, Tsetkin did propose to designate March 8 as International Women's Day. Just because of disagreement, the official resolution did not specify the date and month of International Women's Day. The differences at the meeting originated from the decision of the American Socialist Party in May 1908, which designated the last Sunday of February every year as National Women's Day to commemorate the struggle of women workers in new york on March 8 of the same year. This is to facilitate women workers to take advantage of their holidays to carry out activities. Women workers in new york held two demonstrations on March 8th, 1857 and 1908, which happened to be Sundays. American women workers also held National Women's Day on February 28th 1909 and February 27th 19 10. The Copenhagen conference did not explicitly stipulate March 8 as Women's Day in the resolution, which was convenient for the socialist parties in various countries to grasp flexibly. However, since Tsetkin proposed March 8th, the United States, Germany, Austria and other countries began to commemorate Socialist International Women's Day around March 8th from1913. VdYHS
Starting from 19 14, women in Germany, Austria, Hungary, the Netherlands, Russia, the United States and other countries took action on March 8 to oppose the war and fight for women's rights and interests. When the international conference of women representatives was held in Moscow in 192 1, March 8 was further defined as * * * International Women's Day in the resolution. Perhaps because of the ideological differences and struggles between the Third International and the Second International at that time, a representative suggested in his speech that in order to commemorate the heroic struggle of women workers in Petrograd, Russia on March 8, 19 17, this day should be designated as * * * International Women's Day. This statement aims to make a clear distinction with 19 10, the socialist women's day stipulated by the second international conference in Copenhagen. In fact, Russia commemorates International Women's Day every year from 19 13 after the low tide of the revolution. The heroic struggle of women workers in Petrograd 19 17 March 8th is the fifth commemoration of International Women's Day. In fact, Russian women workers took action on March 8th for five consecutive years, which was a response to the call of Copenhagen Conference 19 10.