1 On the afternoon of July 7th, 937, the Japanese North China Guard1The 8th Squadron of the 3rd Brigade of the United Front, led by Captain Masataka Shimizu, went to the area between Huilongmiao and Dawayao, which was close to China's garrison station in Lugouqiao. At 7: 30 in the evening, the Japanese army began to exercise.
At 22: 40, the Japanese army claimed that gunfire came from the exercise area and a soldier (Shimura Kijiro) was "missing", and then forcibly entered the ancient city of Wanping, the garrison station in China. The 2 1 10 brigade of the 37th Division in 29 army, China refused. While deploying the battle, the Japanese army pretended to negotiate with China under the pretext of "artillery fire" and "missing soldiers".
Defender China rejected this request. The Japanese army opened fire on the Lugouqiao area and attacked the defenders of China in the city. The 2 19 Regiment of the 37th Division of China Defender 29 army counterattacked. This opened the prelude to China's comprehensive War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
On the morning of July 8, the Japanese army surrounded Wanping County and attacked the defenders of China in Lugouqiao. The officers and men of the National Revolutionary Army in 29 army, China, fought back. The head of the team, Shen Qin, went to the front to direct the battle and finally died heroically.
After the Japanese army provoked the July 7th Incident, it aroused strong repercussions throughout the country. On the second day of the July 7th Incident, the China Producer Party Central Committee electrified the whole country and called: "All China compatriots, Tianjin is in danger! North China is at stake! The Chinese nation is at stake! Only when the whole nation conducts the war of resistance is our way out! " And put forward "don't let Japanese imperialism occupy every inch of China!"
"The last drop of blood protects the country!" Loud slogans. Chiang Kai-shek put forward the policy of "not yielding, not expanding" and "not seeking war, but seeking resistance to Japan". Chiang Kai-shek once called Song and Qin Dechun (the second deputy commander of the 29th Army and the mayor of Beiping) and others, saying that "the ancient city of Wanping should stick to it" and "Lugouqiao and Changxindian must not be lost".
On July 29th, 1937, the 38th Division of 29 army, led by Li Wentian, the deputy division commander, launched the defence of Peiping and Tianjin. The 38th Division attacked the Japanese army in Tianjin Railway Station and Guang Hai Temple, and captured many people. However, it was bombarded by Japanese planes and suffered heavy casualties, so it was ordered to retreat. On the 30th, Tianjin fell.
Extended data:
1, event background:
The July 7th Incident was deliberately created by Japanese imperialism to realize its ambition of annexing China, and it was the beginning of its full-scale invasion of China. It is a long-term policy of Japanese imperialism to invade China in an all-round way and establish colonial rule in China. ?
As early as the Meiji Restoration, while establishing the modern emperor system, Japan quickly embarked on the militaristic road of expansion and aggression, and formulated the so-called "mainland policy" with China and North Korea as the main targets of aggression. At the beginning of the 20th century, after the Russo-Japanese War, Japan replaced Russia, expanded its colonial power in the northeast of China, stationed the Kwantung Army, established the colonial organization "Nanman Railway Company", and used the northeast as the base for colonial expansion in China. ?
During the First World War, Japan used western powers to spare no effort to look eastward, trying to expand its aggression against China, sending troops to Shandong, coercing Yuan Shikai to accept the "Article 21" of Japan's attempt to annex China, and extending its claws of aggression to Chinese mainland.
After World War I, Japan tried to get rid of the political and economic crisis by plundering China, North Korea and other Asian countries, and made a careful invasion plan at the "Oriental Conference" in 1927. 193 1 08 September 18, the Japanese launched the "September 18th Incident" and launched a surprise attack on the northeast of China, occupying the whole northeast in more than three months.
The following year, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai (the 128 Incident), captured a large area of land in North China, threatened Ping Jin, established a pseudo-"Manchukuo" in Northeast China, and launched a so-called "autonomy movement" in North China in an attempt to occupy these areas for a long time.
After 1936, the overall strategic plan "National Policy Benchmark" formulated by Japan, Japan held a "general officer exercise" to explain the war arrangements for launching a full-scale war of aggression against China to the general officers who participated in the exercise. ?
Since then, Japan has sent more troops to the northeast of China, dispatched elite Kwantung Army to Beiping and Tianjin, and frequently held military exercises to provoke and wait for an opportunity to wage war.
1On July 3, 937, tojo hideki, chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, proposed to the Japanese government to immediately strike China, and then launched the July 7th Incident. On July 9, China and Japan reached an oral ceasefire agreement. But at the same time, the Japanese army took the opportunity to transfer more than 20,000 troops and 100 planes from northeast China and North Korea to North China.
/kloc-in July of 0/7, the Chief of Staff of the Japanese Army formulated the "Operational Guidelines for China when Exerting Force in North China", and the Japanese government decided to mobilize 400,000 troops in an attempt to destroy China by force. ?
2. Impact of the event:
After the July 7th Incident, Japan mobilized almost all its military forces, marking the beginning of the whole Chinese nation, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. China opened the first large-scale anti-fascist battlefield in the East. * * * Countries cooperated for the second time, and the anti-Japanese national united front was finally formed; The Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army. ?
After bloody sacrifice and arduous anti-Japanese war, China people finally surrendered unconditionally with1August, 945, and won a great victory in the national liberation war. ?
Baidu Encyclopedia-July 7th Incident