1, at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period: the appearance of Niu Geng; Warring States period: Shang Yang put forward the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" for the first time; Qin dynasty: a unified centralized state was established; The central government implements the system of three publics and nine ministers, and the local government implements the system of counties and counties. 4. Western Han Dynasty: In the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu proposed to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that "one hundred schools of thought should be ousted and Confucianism should be respected alone", and Confucianism gradually became the political thought of China feudal society. The silk road appeared; The plain gauze Zen clothing in the Western Han Dynasty is very famous. The earliest paper appeared in the Western Han Dynasty. 5. Han dynasty: the official selection system is the imperial examination system. 6. Six Dynasties: The rural market "grass market" began to appear. 7. Sui and Tang Dynasties: the official selection system was the imperial examination system; Implement the system of three provinces and six departments; The printing technology in the Tang Dynasty was block printing. 8. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military. The emergence of the night market 9. Song Dynasty: Confucianism had a new development-Neo-Confucianism; Zhu became a master of Neo-Confucianism; The "city" in Song Dynasty has broken through the time and space limitation of 10. In the Ming Dynasty, Ming Taizu abolished the prime minister system, and the autocratic centralization was further strengthened. Ming Chengzu set up a cabinet in the central government; A new economic factor appeared in Ming Dynasty-the bud of capitalism; The sea ban policy began in the Ming dynasty; Wang Yangming of the Ming Dynasty became a master of psychology; Li Zhi was an anti-traditional classical thinker in the late Ming Dynasty 1 1. Three anti-feudal democratic thinkers-Huang Zongxi, Gu and Wang Fuzhi appeared in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and their * * * advocated anti-feudal autocracy 12. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the foreign policy was closed to the outside world. Huizhou merchants and Shanxi merchants, two big business gangs, are famous. Yong Zhengdi in Qing Dynasty: The establishment of military headquarters by the central government marked the peak of autocratic centralization. The Opium War broke out in 14 and 1840- 1842, which was the beginning of China's modern history. Remember its main contents: 16, 185 1-1864 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement:1851jintian uprising is the symbol of the outbreak; Tianjing, the capital of 1853, is a symbol of the official establishment of the regime; 1859, the new chapter of senior minister was promulgated, which was China's first plan to develop capitalism. 17, 19. The emergence of Chinese national capitalism in the 1960s and 1970s 18, 1894- 1895. 1895 signed the treaty of shimonoseki, which greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, national capitalism developed initially (understand the two major reasons for the initial development): 19 Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China,1899-1901; 190 1 year, China completely became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. 20. 1894, the first bourgeois revolutionary group in China was established in 2 1 year, and the first bourgeois revolutionary party league in China was established in 1905. Sun Yat-sen developed the political platform of the league into "Three People's Principles" (the core of which is civil rights). 22. The Wuchang Uprising of 19 1 1 0 marked the beginning of the Revolution of 1911. The greatest achievement of the Revolution of 1911 was that it overthrew the autocratic monarchy for more than two thousand years, and democracy and ideas were deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. In 23 years, 19 12 years, the Republic of China was founded. The Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China was promulgated, which is the first bourgeois democratic constitution in China. 24. Early years of the Republic of China (during World War I and after the Revolution of 1911): National capitalism further developed (short spring). Keep in mind the three major reasons for development: the famous national industrialist 25, 19 15, Chen Duxiu founded Youth magazine in Shanghai, and the new culture movement rose. The slogan of this movement is democracy and science, and the biggest role of the previous paragraph has been shaken. In the New Culture Movement, Li Dazhao first spread Marxism in 26 years, 19 19: May 4th Movement, which was the beginning of China's new-democratic revolution, and the China proletariat began to step onto the historical stage in 27 years, 192 1 year, which marked * *. The establishment of the revolutionary United front; The rise of the national revolution. 29, 1927, the coup on April 12th and July 15th marked the failure of the national revolution.