The unified Western Han Dynasty was luckier than the Qin Dynasty, and even luckier than Xiang Yu's kingdom of Western Chu. Although its bottleneck crisis dragged on for a long time, it finally passed safely. The emerging Xiongnu khanate in the north suddenly became the biggest threat to China, and China was humiliated. But by the middle of the second century BC, after the weak situation in China improved, it turned to fight back, seized the largest cultivated land in the Xiongnu khanate, controlled the western regions, and contacted more foreign countries. So the Western Han Dynasty and China became synonyms. People in China are called Han Chinese and Han Chinese, Chinese characters are called Chinese characters, and Chinese language is called Chinese.
When the Western Han Dynasty unified China, the Xiongnu tribes were also unified in Mobei.
Tou Man, the leader of Xiongnu tribe, gave birth to a son with his ex-wife and a young son with his later wife. Tou Man intended to pass on the position of chief to his youngest son, so he sent Modu Hayden to Yue (Zhangye, Gansu) as a hostage. After modu chanyu went, the cruel father sent his troops and stormed the country, hoping that the country would kill the hostages in great anger. Morton realized his father's trick and immediately caught a good horse and ran away. Dad was probably a little remorseful, and at the same time, he felt that his son was very courageous, so he gave him a part of it, but the magic capital Hatoyama hated his father's guts.
Morton soon invented a sounding arrow-Gao Ming, which can make a sound when shooting arrows, and shot his father, stepmother and younger brother with a loud arrow.
The definition of "khanate" is: the head of state and the central government move indefinitely, that is, a country without a fixed capital. In China's history books, it is called "the country of provinces", and the temporary seat of the head of state and the central government is called "Wang Ting".
Under Mao Dun's rule, the Xiongnu khanate expanded in all directions, east to Liaodong, west to Xinjiang and south to Hetao. The area was larger than that of China at that time. Then they claimed that they were descendants of Xia Dynasty in China, so China also had their share, so as to invade China. This is the beginning of the northern nationalities' continuous aggression against China.
Since the rise of the Xiongnu khanate and the invasion of China by foreigners for two thousand years, almost all of them have come from the north. Just like the continuous invasion of the Roman Empire by Germanic barbarians, the abundance of the south is an irresistible temptation to nomadic people in cold and desolate areas. Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, could not stand such aggression. In 2000 BC, relying on the strength of Yu Wei who had just defeated Xiang Yu and unified China, he personally led an army to attack the Huns. Two new forces met and China's army was defeated. Liu Bang was surrounded in Deng Bai (Datong East) and almost captured. Later, he broke through and escaped in a disgraceful way.
Just then, politician Lou Jing suggested that the Chinese princess should be married to Khan. Liu Bangxuan chose a daughter of the royal family (it's a pity that we don't know the name of the first girl who married her in the history of China, and we don't know her whereabouts after marriage), made her a princess and sent her to the Xiongnu khanate. Of course, to impress the Huns, dowry is essential.
Liu Bang died in BC 195, and his son Liu Ying succeeded him. Liu Ying's mother, Lv Zhi, came to power as the empress dowager. Lv Zhi is an outstanding female politician, but she has never met China, let alone Empress Dowager Cixi. In BC 192, modu chanyu wrote a teasing letter to Lv Zhi, which said, "I heard that you were a man when you died, and I happened to be a woman when I died. I can treat you as my little wife, and the Huns and China have become a family since then. " Although Lv Zhi was so angry that he vomited blood, there was nothing he could do but answer: "I am too old to wait on you. I would like to replace it with a young princess." This is the peak of power in the Xiongnu khanate.
However, the time for China to fight back against the powerful Xiongnu khanate will come soon. As far as horses are concerned, in modern times, prime ministers can only take ox carts. Of course, the emperor had a carriage, but he couldn't find four horses of the same color. However, in the 1950s, the central government only raised 400,000 horses in the capital Chang 'an. Folk streets and alleys are full of horses, vying to ride only male horses. For the powerful Xiongnu khanate, it's time to fight back.
China and Hungary, because of in-laws relationship, haven't had a big conflict on the border for a long time. When China started to fight back in 1960s, the 50-year harmonious diplomatic relations between China and Hungary broke down. The Xiongnu khanate resumed its large-scale aggression in the past. However, the situation is not what it used to be. China's reaction was very severe, and immediately launched a series of uninterrupted attacks.
General Wei Qing, Gongsun Ao, Gongsun He and Li Guang respectively advanced from Shanggu (Huailai, Hebei), Dai Jun (Yuxian, Hebei), Yunzhong (Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia) and Yanmen (Youyu, Shanxi). Next year (128 years ago), Wei Qing and another great general, Li Xi, will attack Yanmen and Dai Jun respectively. The following year (127 years ago), Wei Qing and Li Xi went out of the clouds and made a detour to the west. This time, it began to gain a lot, and the Xiongnu was defeated. China once again drove the Huns out of Hetao, just between the Hetao Desert and the Yellow River, and built the Northern City (north of Hangjinqi, Inner Mongolia). Three years later (124), Wei Qing led six generals out of Gaoque (southeast of Urad Houqi, Inner Mongolia), Youbeiping (southwest of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia) and Shuofang (north of Hangjinqi, Inner Mongolia), and attacked in three ways, reaching into the Xiongnu khanate for 300 kilometers, capturing more than ten people, fifteen thousand men and women, and nearly one million cattle and sheep.