On the obverse of the medals of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, there are the patterns uniformly stipulated by the International Olympic Committee-the Greek goddess of victory standing with wings spread and the _ _ _ _ _ technical field of Panathinaiko, Greece. The back of the medal is inlaid with jade in the shape of China Gulong, and the emblem of the Beijing Olympic Games () is engraved on the metal pattern in the middle of the back. The whole medal is noble and elegant, with strong China characteristics (Yu) _.

Based on the Olympic medals, this paper examines the vocabulary accumulation of candidates. In normal life, it should not be difficult to complete such questions as long as you study hard and lay a good foundation in Chinese.

Competitive qián Hu liyu

Second, the modification of ill sentences.

Example 2 (Weifang, Shandong, 2007) There are two language defects in the following paragraph. Please find out the sick sentence first, and then modify it.

The torch of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games "Xiangyun" is 72 cm long and weighs 985 grams. ② The contrasting colors of red and silver contain striking visual effects, which are beneficial to various forms of media communication. ③ The cultural concept of Xiangyun has a time span of several thousand years in China, and it is a representative symbolic culture in China.

(1) The sentence _ _ _ is wrong, and the lesion is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) The sentence _ _ _ _ _ is wrong, and the disease is corrected: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Analyzing the causes of ill sentences, most of them do not conform to modern Chinese grammar, and some of them belong to rhetoric, logic, language habits and so on. To modify a sick sentence, we must first find out the causes of the sick sentence, and then adopt the correct method. The second sentence of the paragraph is misworded; The third word order is improper.

The second sentence of the reference answer (1) is a sick sentence. Revision: change "including" to "generating"; (2) The third sentence is a sick sentence, which is amended as: the symbol culture of China is changed to the symbol culture of China.

Third, word order arrangement

Example 3 (Henan Experimental Zone in 2007) On March 27th, 2007, BOCOG released the medal pattern of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The following sentences are about medals, and the more reasonable order is ()

The back of the medal is inlaid with jadeite jade.

② The standing goddess of victory and the panorama of Panathinaiko Arena in Greece.

(3) The obverse of the medal uses the pattern uniformly stipulated by the International Olympic Committee.

④ The medal hook evolved from the traditional Yulong Puwenhuang in China.

⑤ The emblem of Beijing Olympic Games is engraved on the metal figure in the middle of jade.

A.①②④③⑤

B.③⑤①④②

C.①⑤④③②

D.③②①⑤④

The arrangement of analytical sentences should make the cohesion between sentences natural and coherent and conform to the law of human thinking. This type of question can examine the examinee's analytical ability, logical reasoning ability and language expression ability. The order of sentences must have some basis. When solving problems, students should make a comprehensive observation of the sentences provided in the topic and find out the hidden rules and basis. Careful analysis of the five sentences provided in the title can confirm that medals must be introduced in a certain order, that is, from front to back and then to hooks. Once this foundation is determined, it is easy to arrange them.

Reference answer d

Fourth, slogans should be written.

Example 4 (Longyan, Fujian, 2007) In 2008, BOCOG decided that the torch relay would pass through Longyan. In order to welcome this world-famous event and embody the theme of peace, friendship and participation of the whole people, please draw up the propaganda slogan "Welcome the Olympic Flame". Slogan should contain the words "Olympic Games" or "Flame" or "Olympic Flame", within 16. )

Analyzing propaganda slogans means writing words with propaganda and agitation in concise language. Its basic characteristics are concise language and propaganda. To make the language concise, we must pay attention to the choice of sentence patterns, words, rhetorical devices and the logic of sentences. Specifically, short sentences, few words and accurate expression are the basic requirements of concise slogan language. To complete this slogan, we should also pay attention to the theme of the torch relay and the requirements for the slogan in the title.

Hand in hand, heart to heart, welcome the Olympic Games. 2 ignite the flame and let go of your dreams. Let the Olympic flame burn all over the red land in western Fujian.

The opening design of verb (verb abbreviation)

Example 5 (Beijing, 2007) On February 20, 2006, the Ministry of Education, the State Sports General Administration and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League jointly issued a notice, demanding that hundreds of millions of students should start sunshine sports nationwide from 2007. The slogans put forward in the notice are: "health first", "reaching the standard and creating excellence, keeping fit" and "exercising for one hour every day, working healthily for 50 years, and living happily all your life". In order to fulfill the notification requirements, the class of Grade Three (1) in a middle school is going to hold a class meeting with the theme of "Walking into the sunshine and welcoming the Olympic Games". Please do the following work. Please design an opening statement for the host according to the following requirements.

Requirements: (1) The words "sunshine sports" and "national quality" should be included in the opening remarks. (2) The opening remarks should include the contents related to the "Olympic Games", such as the five-ring flag, Olympic slogan, Olympic athletes and Olympic mascots. (only one content is involved)

Student: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The class meeting with the theme of "Walking into the sunshine and welcoming the Olympic Games" begins now.

The analysis of this question provides a specific situation for candidates, requiring candidates to design the opening remarks as the host, and at the same time, it should be related to the Olympic Games. Candidates should carefully read the tips and requirements, contact their own knowledge of Olympic mathematics, make good use of their own advantages, and organize their own language answers. The language strives to be fresh, beautiful, enthusiastic and inspirational.

The sunshine sports of hundreds of millions of students across the country began. It is our bounden duty to keep fit and improve the quality of the Chinese nation. We should take an active part in sunshine sports to welcome the arrival of the 2008 Olympic Games. Look, Fuwa is welcoming friends from all over the world with open arms. Let's welcome the Olympic Games, walk into the "sunshine" and walk towards tomorrow with Fuwa!

Sixth, mark evaluation

Example 6 (Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 2007) Chinese characters have unique charm that other characters do not have. For example, the emblem of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is designed in Chinese characters, and the main pattern is transformed from the word "Beijing" in Beijing. The picture below shows the logo of a sports event. Please tell me its beauty.

According to analysis, most sports events will have signs, and the biggest feature of signs is to express the content of sports events with lively patterns. To complete this problem, we must first look at what movement this sign points to, and at the same time grasp the information revealed by the title to see which Chinese character this sign is transformed from. Finally, connect these information in series and evaluate its beauty.

This is the symbol of rowing competition. The designer skillfully designed the posture of two rowers in the competition as a "competition", which not only vividly displayed the content of sports events, but also highlighted the significance of "competition". (That's right)

Seven. Torch relay commentary

Example 8 (Nantong, Jiangsu, 2007) It is reported that the torch relay of the Beijing Olympic Games, which attracts worldwide attention, will pass through Nantong in May 2008. Please reasonably imagine the scene when the Olympic torch enters our city, and provide a passionate explanation for the live broadcast as a TV host. (Requirements: Reflect the characteristics of Nantong, the characteristics of the Beijing Olympic torch and the cheerful and warm atmosphere at the relay site, with vivid, fluent and infectious language, no less than 70 words)

Audience friends, _ _ _ _ _ _ _

__________________________。

Analytical criticism is "oral literature". It depends on the description and narration of things, events or people in words to infect the audience or listeners, so that people can understand the context and significance of things, thus receiving the effect of publicity. The TV commentary must be consistent with the TV picture. Of course, in addition to reasonable imagination, it must also be closely related to the requirements of the topic.

The Olympic torch with China's traditional cultural characteristics and modern scientific and technological brilliance is coming to us. The flaming torch will further ignite the enthusiasm of Nantong people to build their hometown, and spread the longevity, harmonious light and beautiful yearning for the future of "the first city in modern China" to all directions of the motherland.

Answering skills in junior middle school Chinese comprehensive learning

metaphor

The characteristics of (1) metaphor

Metaphor is "metaphor" That is to grasp the similarities between two different things and compare one thing with another. Generally speaking, the structure of metaphor should be composed of three parts, namely, ontology (the object to be compared), vehicle (the object to be compared) and figurative words (the symbol of figurative relationship). The key of metaphor: A and B must be essentially different things, and there must be similarities between A and B, otherwise it cannot be established.

3 [Basic Application of Chinese] Correct use of common rhetorical devices

(2) Types of metaphor

1 simile. The typical form is: A is like B, and ontological vehicles all appear, which are connected by metaphors such as "image, image, as if, as if". For example, harvested crops are piled up like hills to keep a stable temperature.

2 metaphor. The typical form is: A is B. Ontological vehicles all appear, with no figurative words in the middle. They are often connected by "yes", "becoming" and "becoming". For example, the square is a sea of snow-white garlands, and monuments have been piled into snow-white hills.

3 metaphor. The typical form is: A generation B. Without ontology, it directly describes the vehicle. But it is different from metonymy. Use metonymy to get the relevant points of two things, and use metaphor to get the similarities of two things. For example, "catching sparrows with eyes closed" and "blind people touching elephants" are careless, boastful and content with a little knowledge. This extremely bad style still exists among many comrades in our Party.

4 metaphor. Use several metaphors to compare the same ontology from different angles and with different similarities. For example, look, are those girls in windbreakers who come by bike dancing, red butterflies, green parrots or blue peacocks?

(3) The function of metaphor

Mainly to turn plain into vivid; Or turn abstruse into simple; Or abstract into concrete; Or turn verbosity into conciseness.

(4) The following situations, although there are words such as "like" and "as if", are not figurative sentences. For example:

She is very much like her mother in character. (Similar contrast)

It's getting dark. It looks like rain. (expressing conjecture)

She seemed to hear her heart beating violently. (expressing imagination)

Many touching figures have emerged in our time, such as Xu Honggang and Li Xiangqun. (for enumeration)

4. Similar

Characteristics of (1) analogy

According to imagination, treat things as adults, treat abstract concepts as adults or things, or describe people as things and things as other things. Its form is: things are humanized, or people are materialized, or things are materialized.

(2) the type of analogy

(1) personification (writing things as adults). For example, the green grass on the soft mud is oily and swaying underwater.

(2) simulacra (writing people as objects or writing A as objects B). For example, when I got outside the house, my mother had already greeted me, and then my eight-year-old nephew Honger flew out.

(3) the role of analogy

The correct use of metaphor increases the vividness and vividness of language, which can not only make readers have a vivid impression on the things expressed, but also have a strong feeling for them, thus making * * * sound.

3. Metonymy.

Characteristics of (1) metonymy

Don't say the real name of the thing you want to say directly, but borrow the name of something closely related to people or things instead.

(2) Types of metonymy

① Feature-generated ontology. For example, the beard roared.

(2) Substance replaces noumenon. For example, wood tied with rope is straight, and gold is sharp.

③ Logo generates ontology. For example, who would have expected to fall into the hands of "three heads" or something? This is not wrong!

(4) Famous works. For example, we should read more books about Lu Xun.

5 nicknames instead of yourself. For example: "Chai Lu explosion", let's make a fire!

⑥ proper name generalization. For example, a thousand readers have a thousand Hamlets.

⑦ The concrete generation is abstract. For example, don't take a needle or thread from the masses.

8 Part replaces the whole. For example: sing low eyebrows and don't write, and the moonlight shines like water on the skirt.

(3) The role of metonymy

Replace complexity with simplicity; Replace the virtual with the real; Replace ordinary with odd numbers; Exchange things for feelings. It can arouse people's association and make the expression receive outstanding images, distinctive features and concrete and vivid effects.

Step 4 exaggerate

(1) exaggerated features

In order to pursue a certain expressive effect, it is reasonable to deliberately expand or shrink the original things. It is required that you can't lose the foundation and basis of life when using it, you can't exaggerate all over the sky, and you should give people a sense of reality.

(2) types of exaggeration

① Enlarge and exaggerate. For example, I still have a good heart, even if I die nine times, I have no regrets.

(2) reduce exaggeration. For example, Wuling makes waves, and Wumeng takes mud pills.

3 exaggerate in advance. For example, if you don't drink, you will get drunk first, your eyes will bleed and your heart will turn to dust.

(3) the role of exaggeration

It is beneficial to highlight the essence and characteristics of things, clearly express the author's emotional attitude towards things, and increase the vividness of language.

5. Duality

(1) dual characteristics

Two phrases or sentences with equal or roughly equal words, the same or similar structure, and related or opposite meanings are symmetrically arranged together.

(2) the type of duality

① According to the content, it can be divided into right, reverse and string.

Right-to-right: the dual form of similar, similar, complementary and contrasting meanings of the upper and lower sentences. For example, birds in captivity miss the old forest, and fish in the pond miss home.

Objection: the dual form of the opposite or opposite meaning of the upper and lower sentences. For example, fatigue can rejuvenate the country and leisure can die.

Series pair: Also called "flow pair". The meaning of the upper and lower sentences has the dual forms of inheritance, progressiveness, causality, hypothesis and conditionality. For example, reading is like breaking thousands of books, and writing is like god's help.

4 [Basic Application of Chinese] Correct use of common rhetorical devices

② According to the form, it can be divided into working pair and wide pair.

The so-called work pair means that the number of words, part of speech, structure, level and words all meet the requirements of collocation; The so-called tolerance means that it basically meets the requirements of confrontation, but it is slightly different in some aspects. It's just that the formal requirements are slightly looser.

③ According to the structure, it can be divided into component duality and sentence duality.

Binary composition. If the mountains and rivers are ignorant, the butterflies and geese are ruthless; However, they treat human beings fairly and equally, neither laughing because of dignitaries, nor being stingy because of Shan Ye's fishing and firewood.

Duality of sentence. For example, the reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow; Bamboo shoots in the mountains have a thick mouth and an empty stomach.

(3) Dual roles

(1) The neat form and symmetrical structure can receive a balanced aesthetic effect.

The text is concise and expressive, which can vividly show the relationship between related things; It is a sharp contrast between opposing things, with clear praise and criticism.

(3) The rhythm is distinct, the phonology is harmonious, and it is easy to read and memorize.

Step 6 be parallel

Characteristics of (1) parallelism

It consists of three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content and consistent tone.

(2) Parallel types

(1) component ratio. For example: Dayan River, shed tears! With the bullying of more than 40 years' lives, with the misery of countless slaves, with a four-dollar coffin and several bundles of straw, with a few feet of land for burying the coffin, and the ashes of paper money in one hand, she left with tears in her eyes.

② Sentence parallelism. For example, their quality is so pure and noble, their will is so tough and strong, their temperament is so simple and humble, and their mind is so beautiful and broad.

(3) The function of parallelism

Strengthen the language situation and emphasize the content and feelings.

(7) Ask questions.

Characteristics of rhetorical questions

"Ask without doubt". Often know perfectly well past ask, ask yourself and answer yourself or just ask without answering. The purpose is to emphasize the problem, so as to attract people's attention and inspire people to think.

Who is our loveliest person? Our troops, our soldiers, I think they are the most lovely people.

⒏ rhetorical question

Rhetorical questions also have the characteristics of "asking without doubt", and definite meaning is expressed in the form of interrogative sentences to strengthen the tone and enhance the expression effect. Questions are usually put at the end of sentences, and some also put exclamation marks.

There are two forms of rhetorical questions.

(1) The negative form is affirmative. For example, the blood of more than 40 young people flooded around me, making it difficult for me to breathe, not to see or hear. Where can there be words?

(2) Express affirmation in the form of negation. For example, there is no anti-people force in history that cannot be eliminated by the people! Didn't Hitler and Mussolini both fall before the people?

Discrimination of several rhetorical devices

Although the college entrance examination does not emphasize the conceptual distinction of figures of speech, it does not mean that even general understanding is unnecessary. Without understanding and mastering, how can we correctly judge the right and wrong, advantages and disadvantages of rhetorical methods? How to use it correctly according to the needs and context? When understanding various rhetorical methods, it is best to compare the similarities and differences by grouping comparison.

Metonymy and metonymy

The difference between metonymy and metonymy can be started from the following four aspects:

(1) The essence of metonymy is "metaphor". Although its ontology and metaphor words do not appear, they imply comparable objects (namely ontology). The essence of metonymy is "generation", which refers to noumenon with certain characteristics of things and has no comparable object.

Because metonymy is a metaphor, it can be supplemented by ontology and metaphor. There is nothing comparable to metonymy, so it is impossible to make up this way.

⑶ Metonymy can generally describe the non-existent ontology. Metonymy can only play the role of "generation", and the words it replaces are mostly nouns or noun phrases, which can't describe them.

(4) In an article, if there is a figurative sentence of "××××××" in front, it is metonymy to use the vehicle directly below.

4. Analogy and metaphor

Analogy and metaphor are similar in that they both involve A and B. Compared with them, A and B are comparable.

The difference between analogy and metaphor lies in:

(1) In a sense, metaphor focuses on "metaphor", that is, "analogy", which highlights the similarity between two things; The focus of analogy is "imitation", that is, "comparative treatment", which directly describes A as B.

⑵ From the formal point of view, figurative vehicles often appear in the form of nominal words, indicating an entity. The part that plays a comparative role in comparison is descriptive, and its manifestation is verbal words or descriptive words.

3. Parallelism and duality

The differences between parallelism and duality are: parallelism must be composed of three or more items, and duality is limited to the upper and lower sentences; Parallelism has no strict requirements on the number of words, but only requires the same or similar structure, and dual requires the same or similar number of words and the same structure; Most of the items in parallelism have the same word, while the dual upper and lower sentences generally avoid using the same word (the width is not so strict); Parallelism generally only means similar or related meaning, while duality means relative, opposite or related meaning.

4. Questions and rhetorical questions

The main differences between rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions are: rhetorical questions have answers or remind readers to think, often at the beginning of an article or paragraph, and in order to attract readers' attention, question marks must be used; There is no need to answer rhetorical questions. There are clear answers to questions, often in the middle or at the end of a paragraph. The purpose is to strengthen the tone and express strong feelings, so sometimes you can use exclamation marks.