Edge-refers to the boundary line with the width of 1.8m, and one on each side of the site runs through the whole site. End line-An end line is a 1.8m wide boundary line connecting two parallel sides. The end line and the side line form the rectangular frame of the stadium. Both ends of the terminal line are respectively provided with benchmarks. Terminal area-Terminal area is two areas with the width of 10 yard (9m) within the terminal lines at both ends of the site. The end zone behind each team is its own end zone, and the end zone in front of the team is the opposite end zone. Score line-the score line is a 20 cm wide line that runs through the front of the entire end area. There are also two positions at both ends of the score line. Code line and code mark-there is a distance of 100 yards (9 1 meter) between the two score lines, and the code marks of each code are marked on both sides of the field. Draw a solid white line from edge to edge every 5 yards, and mark the code number on the code line every 10 yards (i.e. 10, 20, 30, 40, etc.). These criss-crossing lines have earned the football field the nickname "gridiron". Gogoal goal post-located in the middle of the back of the end zone, it is a 3-meter-high post connected with the horizontal goal crossbar. The two ends of this 5.5-meter-long crossbar are connected by a vertical club, and its top end is 9 meters from the ground. The top of each vertical stick is tied with a belt with a width of 10 cm and a length of 107 cm.
The most basic equipment in football match is football. The official football of the National Football League is hand-made by Wilson Sporting Goods Company. It is an oval sphere, about 27.9 to 29.2 cm long. The circumference of the long axis of the football center is about 72.4 cm, and the circumference of the short axis is about 54.6 cm. The weight is about 397-425g. Rugby consists of an inflatable polyurethane airbag lining and an outer cowhide sleeve, which is stitched with gridcord. Olive rope is cotton thread wrapped with vinyl resin. There are three layers of jackets sewn in the leather case, which are used to protect the airbag and help the football keep its unique slender shape. The protruding part of the airbag is connected with an air valve passing through the leather sleeve, which is convenient for inflating the ball. When we have the approved equipment and set up the venue, we can start the game. The NFL game is divided into four quarters, with a long half-time break between the second and third quarters. If the two teams draw in four quarters, there will be 15 minutes of overtime. In overtime, the team that scored first won. Although the total game time is only 1 hour, a game usually lasts 3 to 4 hours. Teams may stop timing because of out-of-bounds, passing mistakes or timeouts (teams have three timeouts in each half). When the "2-minute warning" appears 2 minutes before the end of the second and fourth sections, the timing will also stop. There are 1 1 players on both sides of the competition. One side is the attack group, and the other side is defense group. The purpose of the attack group is to push the ball as far as possible to the opponent's position and try to cross the scoring line and enter the opponent's end zone to score. There are two ways to attack, the player runs forward with the ball (rushing the ball) or passes the ball in the air (passing the ball). Defense group, the opponent, aims to stop the opponent's attack as much as possible and force the opponent to lose the ball. If the attacker scores or loses possession of the ball, the two teams exchange offense and defense, that is, the original attacker is replaced by defense group and the original defender is replaced by the offensive group. In this way, the two sides took turns to attack and defend until the end of the fourth quarter. Site length 100 yards, width 53 yards. The slender white line on the playing field is called the yard line, which helps players, referees and spectators to understand the process of the attacker pushing the ball forward. The most important place in the venue is probably the end area, which is the area where the score lines on both sides of the venue extend outward by 10 yards respectively. This area is where the score is scored. When the players with the ball push the ball into the opponent's end zone, they score. The time match is divided into four sections, each section 15 minutes. The first and second quarters are called the first half of the year. The third and fourth quarters are called the second half of the year. There is a 12 minute intermission between the first half and the second half. At the beginning of the second half, the kick-off meeting will be the same as at the beginning of the game. The first quarter of the first half is over, and the third quarter of the second half is over. Each player has a two-minute break, and the players of both sides exchange venues. The original owner of the ball will continue to attack after changing venues. After each attack, the attacker must restart the next attack within 40 seconds, or he will be punished. The game clock is suspended in the following situations: the passing fails, the player takes the ball out of bounds, and the referee punishes it. When the referee put the ball back to the kick-off point for both sides to start attacking, the game clock began to tick. If the two sides draw at the end of the fourth quarter, there will be 15 minutes of overtime, and the outcome will be decided by sudden death, that is, the first scorer wins. At the beginning of overtime, both sides toss a coin to guess first, and the right one will attack first. There are three groups on each side of the player's position to perform different tasks: when the team gets the ball, the offensive group plays; When the opponent gains the right to attack, the defense team comes out; Special groups only play in a few special circumstances (kick-off, penalty kick, kick-off). Both sides can only have 1 1 players on the court at any time. The game has started. The game started with a kick-off. The kick-off process is that the defender kicks the ball on his tee on the 30-yard line and then kicks it to the attacker. After the kick-off backhand catch, the attacker will try his best to push forward until it is intercepted by the defender. Then the attacker attacks from where the ball is intercepted. If the attacker catches the opponent's kick-off in his own end zone, he has two choices. Either take the ball out of the end zone and impact the opponent's field until it is intercepted; Either touch the ground with your knees after holding the ball, that is, stop the ball, and then put the ball on the attacker's 20-yard line, and the attacker begins to attack. The progress of the first offensive game is measured by yards. The attacker pushes as many yards as possible and approaches the opponent's end zone. When the attacker starts to attack, he has four chances to attack and must advance at least 10 yards. If the attacker successfully advances at least 10 yards, it is said that the first attack has been reached. Then the attacker gets another round of four attacks. If the attacker does not advance 10 yards in a round of attack, he loses the right to attack. Therefore, the defender should not only prevent the attacker from scoring, but also prevent the attacker from advancing more than 10 yards in a round of attack. When the attacker seizes the fourth attack opportunity, he usually throws the ball away, that is, kicks it to the opponent's court, so that the opponent has to push a few more yards to score. Attack-run or pass the ball. Every attack begins with a kick-off. On the kick-off line, after the quarterback shouted the password of attack tactics, the center in front of him passed the ball to the quarterback or passed it from his crotch to the quarterback, and then the quarterback decided whether to pass or move. The attacker has two ways to run the ball. The first way is to hold the ball and rush to the opponent. This usually happens after the quarterback gives the ball to the running guard, who tries to distract the opponent's defense and rush forward as many yards as possible. The quarterback can also run the ball by himself. Another way to pass the ball is to pass it. Usually the quarterback passes the ball, but sometimes other players pass the ball to confuse their opponents. In fact, any player on the attacking side can pass the ball as long as it comes from behind the kick-off line. When the ball is caught by another attacker, it is called passing successfully. The catcher is usually a catcher or tightener. If the ball touches the ground before anyone catches it, it is a passing mistake. The intercepted defender stopped the opponent's progress by throwing the player with the ball to the ground. When the attacking player lands on one knee or both knees, it is called interception, and the attacking opportunity is over. When the attacking player rushed out of bounds, it also ended an offensive opportunity. The purpose of scoring competition is to score more points. There are four ways to score: touchdown =6 points. Touchdown is the way to score the most points at a time. The team that scores the touchdown will get an extra chance to score. To score a touchdown, the ball must cross the scoring line in the end line area, catch the pass in the end line area and catch the lost ball in the end line area. Additional points and conversion of two points = 1 point or 2 points. After the touchdown, the scorer puts the ball on the opponent's 2-yard line and has two choices. Usually kick an extra point, also known as a touchdown, Pat. If the touchdown team successfully kicks the ball into the goal, it gets 1 point. The attacker can also score 2 points by running again or rushing to the ground. Because 2 points is much more difficult than 1 minute, the touchdown side usually chooses to kick 1 minute. Penalty =3 points If the attacker fails to score, you can try to score a penalty. You can score 3 points on penalty kick. Usually at the last moment of the game, a penalty decides the outcome of the game. The attacker can kick a penalty at any time and any place. However, it is usually in the fourth attack opportunity that the ball is pushed into the 45-yard line of the defender before choosing the penalty kick. The kicker must kick the ball between the poles of the goal and above the crossbar to score. The defender should block the penalty kick of the opponent as much as possible. Safety =2 points. Two points for security. The attacker holds the ball and is intercepted by the defender in the attacker's end zone. The defender scores 2 points. The right to lose the ball will have two situations in the process of attacking the defender. A player who carelessly holds or passes the ball loses the ball. Any player on both sides of the court can grab the ball or bring it to the other side's end zone. If the party who grabs the target is the original attacker, continue to attack; If it is the defensive side, the two sides switch between attack and defense. The intercepting defender can gain the offensive right by intercepting the air pass of the attacker in the air. Regardless of whether the ball is lost or intercepted, the player who grabs the ball can immediately rush to the opponent's end line area and try to score a touchdown. On both sides of the game, the attacker who owns the ball is the attacker. Although the quarterback, catcher, press and running guard can all attack with the ball, the quarterback is the real offensive commander and key figure. In fact, the quarterback must have many talents, not only passing the ball, but actually directing every attack. The attacking quarterback passes the ball or passes it to the running back. The center began to pass the ball to the quarterback, blocking the impact of the opposing defender. Two defenders and two interceptors blocked the opposing defender. Two or four receivers catch the quarterback's pass. 1 charge 2 running guards with the ball. 1 2 tightening can stop the impact of the opposing defender and also receive the pass from the quarterback. The defender's task is to stop the other side from advancing. On the court, 1 1 the defender cooperated to prevent the attacker from pushing the ball into his own end line area to score. The defender's line guard defends the ball attack, moves forward to prevent the attacker from running the ball or catching the quarterback. Defensive forwards (end forwards and interceptors) point to Maimang with the offensive front line and control the kick-off line. Corner guards and central defenders defend the quarterback from passing the ball to the receiver and help intercept the running ball.