Before the war, Stalin believed the false information provided by the intelligence department and made a wrong analysis of the true information. Zhukov, as the Chief of Staff, and Tymoshenko, as a member of the National Defense People's Committee, did not know this information.
Knowing that the German fascist army assembled a large number of troops on the Soviet-Polish border and the Soviet-German border, the situation went from bad to worse. Zhukov decided to mobilize troops, tit-for-tat, ordered him to enter the level of combat readiness. Stalin is still hesitating, afraid of offending Germany, affecting the relations between the two countries, giving people an excuse and being used.
Until the evening of June 20th, 194 1, the night before the German attack, Lieutenant General purkayev, chief of staff of Kiev Military Region, made an emergency report to zhukov, and learned from a German company quartermaster that the Germans had entered the starting position and would launch a full-scale attack in the early morning of June 22nd.
After learning such important information, zhukov immediately reported to Stalin. He's still worried.
Zhukov advocated immediately ordering the border military region to enter the first-level combat preparation. Stalin disagreed. He thought that "it is too early to give orders now, and maybe the problem can be solved peacefully" and repeatedly told "the border guards should not be influenced by any provocation, so as not to complicate the problem." After zhukov's struggle, an order was issued, but Stalin's order was also written in. It was not until the early hours of the morning that orders were given, which made the border guards at a loss. Three and a half hours later, the German fascist army was treacherous: treacherous and immoral. Declare war.
Stalin was sleeping in the Kremlin when the Germans launched the general attack. Zhukov reports to him. After listening to zhukov's emergency report, he was silent for a long time on the phone. Finally, let them and members of the Political Bureau immediately come to the Kremlin for a meeting and say that they need to discuss this issue.
After the personnel arrived, Stalin also insisted:
"You should call the German Embassy immediately."
Soon after, the German ambassador took the initiative to come to the door and submitted a "declaration of war" to Foreign Minister Molotov.
Stalin suddenly turned pale and sat there blankly.
Zhukov stood up and suggested that he immediately ordered the fight and counterattack. ...
Throughout the Great Patriotic War, zhukov once went deep into the front line to organize and coordinate the operations of various armies in the name of the representative of the High Command, and conducted strategic battles on the spot as many as 15 times. Wherever he went deep, he was warmly welcomed by the leaders of the lower levels and all the commanders and fighters. Enemy intelligence agencies have been closely following his actions. They all regard him as a "nemesis" and are terrified at the mention of the name "zhukov".
Zhukov is an outstanding chief of general staff. He is fearless in times of crisis: facing the danger of his life. Calm-headed, quick-thinking, insightful and accurate, he is the most effective assistant to the commander-in-chief. In case of emergency, Stalin sent him anywhere; Several times, I was ordered by the crisis, and several times I turned defeat into victory. He was trusted by the supreme commander and loved by all the commanders and soldiers. In people's eyes, he is a symbol of victory.
Hitler's army carried out a "blitzkrieg" and approached Moscow at lightning speed. The Soviet army couldn't stand the strong offensive and retreated.
The enemy was besieged and arrived at the gates of Moscow. For this reason, Stalin couldn't sleep in the Kremlin and didn't want to eat. He said he had something on his mind and didn't know the taste of food. Worried, at this critical juncture, Stalin finally decided to ask zhukov, who was on the front line of Leningrad, to return to Moscow immediately to fight against the enemy's cause.
Later, shaposhnikov introduced the direction of Moscow to General zhukov in detail.
By the time the German fascist army began to attack near Moscow, its strength had exceeded the sum of the three armed forces of the Soviet Union, with its strength exceeding 0.4 times, tanks exceeding 0.7 times, various artillery and mortars exceeding 0.8 times, and airplanes exceeding 1 times.
On September 30th, 65438, the Germans attacked in the direction of Bryansk, and/kloc-0 attacked in the direction of Viazma on October 2nd. Despite the Soviet resistance, the Germans broke through the defense line. However, due to the command error of General konev, he failed to stop the German attack. In order to strengthen the command of the army, the base camp merged the troops of the Western Front Army and the Reserve Army into the Western Front Army on June 10, under the command of General zhukov. The complicated situation requires: make up your mind to evacuate a large number of government agencies and the most important enterprises from Moscow; Other enterprises produce military materials; The army and working people build new defense zones in the suburbs of Moscow; Form a new militia division; The whole city is ready for street fighting, and so on. 450,000 residents of the capital were mobilized to build fortifications, 75% of whom were women. 101On October 20th, the National Defense Commission imposed special martial law in Moscow and its neighboring areas. Moscow's air defense forces fought tenaciously with enemy planes. During the period of 10, the Germans carried out 3 1 air raids on Moscow, involving 2,000 planes, of which 278 were shot down, and only 72 flew over Moscow.
The Germans suffered heavy losses, but Hitler did not give up the delusion of seizing the Soviet capital. He shouted wildly: Take Moscow at all costs. Determined to occupy Moscow before winter comes. The enemy increased their troops and changed their deployment. The Germans tried to defeat the Soviets, surround and occupy Moscow.
Zhukov saw through the intentions of the Germans and made up his mind to strengthen the western front army with reserves and supplementary men. All sides were ordered to stick to the occupied areas and prevent the enemy from bypassing Moscow from the northwest and southwest.
165438+1October 15 ~ 18, the fascist Germans launched a new attack on Moscow, which was stubbornly resisted by the Soviet Union. Major General panfilov, Major General Beloborodov, Major General Dovator, Colonel katukov and many others have been holding their ground. "Russia is big, but there is nowhere to retreat, and there is Moscow behind it!" This is the slogan of the defenders of the capital.
All attempts by the German fascist army to advance on Moscow failed. Although the Soviet army is in a critical state from time to time, it has always remained motionless and consumed the enemy. From 165438+1October16 to 65438+February 5, the fascist Germans killed or injured more than 155000 people near Moscow, losing about 800 tanks, 300 guns and 1500 planes. The morale of fascist Germans fell sharply. The conditions for Soviet troops to turn to counterattack and crush the enemy troops near Moscow have been met.
Zhukov went to the front to directly direct the armies to carry out counter-offensive, and at the same time smashed the most dangerous assault group of the German "Central" army group that threatened Moscow from the south and the north respectively.
The counter-offensive plan was formulated by General zhukov himself and approved by the Supreme Commander Stalin. From May 6th, 194 1 12. At this time, the offensive ability of the Germans obviously failed: the physiological function was extremely reduced due to serious illness ... Although it was freezing and the snow was deep, the development of the counterattack was very smooth.
Fascist Germany suffered its first fiasco in World War II. Due to the counter-offensive and general attack, the enemy was forced to retreat westward 100 ~ 350 km. Moscow, Kalinin, Tula, Ryazan and parts of Smolensk declared liberation.
The Germans suffered irreparable material losses. The Germans lost more than 500,000 people, 1.3 million tanks, 2,500 guns, 1.5 million cars and other technical equipment.
Due to the heavy losses of the German army in the previous operations and the continuous growth of the Soviet Union, the German army was unable to launch a full-scale attack on the Soviet-German battlefield at this time, so Hitler decided to adopt the strategy of concentrated attack. In his view, this focus should be on the front line that can seriously damage the Soviet war economy and open up new sources of raw materials for Germany's war economy. Hitler turned his eyes to the Caucasus oil field and decided to launch a new attack in the direction of Stalingrad.
Zhukov immediately called the commanders of various army groups to hold a situation analysis meeting. According to the current situation on the front line and the comparison of the strength of both sides, zhukov concluded that the newly assembled reserves would not be ready for battle until at least September 5, so only then could they attack the Germans.
Zhukov reported this conclusion to Stalin. But Stalin insisted on anti-assault as soon as possible. On September 3rd, Stalin sent a telegram to zhukov, ordering him to attack immediately.
Zhukov and Stalin had an argument. He insisted: "Only after September 5th can we crack down on the Germans."
Zhukov is like this. When he thinks it's right, he always sticks to his own opinions, and so does Stalin.
This time, zhukov's stubbornness once again defeated Stalin's stubbornness. Finally, Stalin finally agreed to launch an anti-assault on September 5th according to zhukov's plan.
At the beginning of 10, six Soviet divisions crossed the Don River and entered Stalingrad, where they joined the 62nd Army. After a period of fierce fighting, the 62nd Army suffered heavy casualties.
At this time, in order to concentrate on capturing Stalingrad, Hitler ordered: except Stalingrad, the entire Soviet-German battlefield turned to strategic defense.
The Germans began their third attack on Stalingrad in an attempt to win a decisive victory through this attack. The German attack finally reached the Volga River. On the road section about 5 kilometers wide, two tank divisions and three infantry divisions were concentrated, and 2000 planes appeared as support to bomb the urban area. The fighting was unprecedented, and 6 1 person was killed in the headquarters in zhukov alone.
On June165438+1October1day, the Germans regrouped and launched the last attack, using five infantry divisions, two tank divisions and two engineering barracks to launch the fourth storm on Stalingrad on the front with a width of 5 kilometers. Within one day, the two sides fought fiercely for every inch of land and every piece of land in Shi Zhuan.
The world-famous Stalingrad counterattack officially began.
In the northwest of Stalingrad, 3,500 cannons of the Southwest Army of the Soviet Union fired directly at German positions. Then, under the guidance of tanks and mechanized troops, the Soviet army crossed the grassland and first rushed to the weak position of the German army, the Romanian Fourth Army. The Romanian army was defeated without a fight. The Soviet army advanced 35 kilometers, and the Soviet army slowed down its counterattack because the Germans sent armored troops to support it.
However, the Germans have been unable to stop the Soviet advance. On the night of 22nd, Soviet troops occupied the Don River Bridge, forcing them to cross the Don River in batches.
Seeing that the Germans in Stalingrad were surrounded by two sides, the German headquarters ordered the rear echelon and logistics forces to form a fighting group to resist. However, this unit is untrained and poorly equipped, which can only delay the advance of the Soviet army and cannot save the fate of the Sixth Army being encircled.
On the 23rd, the Stalingrad Army joined forces with the Southwest Army in Karadzic, so all the enemies in Stalingrad were caught in the net.
At this time, Stalin was worried about the situation at the front.
Stalin's worry at this time is that because there are too many besieged enemy troops, once the German army decides to break through, the Soviet army may not be able to support it. After a comprehensive analysis of the battlefield situation, zhukov sent a telegram to Stalin on129. The telegram said:
At present, the besieged Germans are forced by the status quo and dare not venture to break through easily. The Sixth German Army knew their situation very well, and they repeatedly asked Hitler to allow them to break through. But Hitler asked them to "stick to Stalingrad". Hitler regarded Stalingrad as a fortress on the eastern front, and the Sixth Army was the garrison of the fortress. The task of the garrison in the fortress is to resist the siege and stick to it until the next spring if necessary.
Hitler's stubbornness created conditions for zhukov to achieve the campaign goal, and it was Hitler's ignorance and stubbornness that finally ruined the Sixth Army in paulus.
At this time, the temperature dropped to MINUS 30 degrees, a large number of German officers and soldiers were frostbitten, and thousands of others suffered from typhoid dysentery. Due to the Soviet air blockade, it is increasingly difficult to maintain air supply.
1943 65438+1On October 8, the Soviet headquarters issued an ultimatum to the besieged Germans, ordering them to stop resisting and surrender. However, the German Sixth Group rejected the Soviet Union's request.
On October 22nd, 65438/KLOC-0, the Soviet army launched a general attack on all fronts, cut off the railway line in ancient Mrak, occupied the south of Stalingrad and seized the ancient Mrak airport. By the 26th, the Germans were only 20 kilometers north and south and 3.5 kilometers east and west. In this case, the German Sixth Army once again reported to the high command "requesting permission to surrender".
But the next day, the Sixth Army received an urgent telegram from Hitler: "Don't surrender, hold your ground and fight to the last man, the last bullet!" " The sixth army headquarters had to continue to carry out Hitler's orders and delay the war aimlessly.
On the morning of June 26th, 65438 10, the Soviet army carried out a decisive assault. 65438+1October 30, the Soviet army went straight to the city center. At noon on June 365438+1October 3 1, paulus, commander of the German Sixth Army who had just been promoted to field marshal by Hitler, and his assistants announced their surrender to the Soviet Union. By February 2, all the besieged Germans would either surrender or be wiped out.
In order to improve the internal dilemma of the empire and prevent the fascist group from falling apart, Hitler decided to launch a large-scale summer attack on the Soviet-German battlefield in 1943 to regain the strategic initiative and reverse the war process.
At this time, the Soviet army was in full swing, so it was in full swing. Too optimistic, ignoring the consumption of long-distance attacks, hoping to cause greater chaos to the Germans. Under the command of Marshal Manstein, commander of the Don Army, the German army took advantage of a mistake made by Tymoshenko to launch a counterattack at the end of February, successfully retaking Kharkov and stabilizing the southern front. In this way, the whole front formed a protruding part centered on Kursk, and the Soviet army deeply wedged into this protruding part.
In order to put more strength into the battle with the Soviet Union, Hitler announced the general mobilization of the country and adopted various means to strengthen and improve the war machine of the Third Reich. At the same time, the German high command is making a campaign implementation plan in full swing.
After a long discussion, Hitler finally decided that it would be most appropriate to smash the strategic reserves of the Soviet Central Army, the Japanese army in Voroney and the Kursk salient area as the beginning of launching a new summer campaign on the Eastern Front. The campaign was code-named "Fortress".
According to this plan, Germany * * * assembled 900,000 officers and men, 50 divisions (including 16 tank motorized division), about 1000 guns and mortars, nearly 2,700 tanks and assault guns, and more than 2,000 aircraft. In Hitler's words, he mobilized "excellent corps, the best weapons, excellent commanders and a lot of ammunition" to the root of the Kursk arc zone.
After successfully completing the attack on Kursk, the German high command attempted to immediately carry out the campaign code-named "Leopard" on the Soviet rear in the southwest, thus pushing the front eastward.
Hitler's ideas were too optimistic and naive.
On the evening of April 6th, zhukov returned to Moscow from the front. As soon as he arrived in Moscow, zhukov immediately discussed the situation at the front with Aleksandr Aleksandr Vasilevsky and Antonov. The three agreed that the German army tried to eat the isolated Kursk projection, and if it went well and defeated the Soviet army in the Kursk projection, the whole strategic situation would become favorable to the enemy.
At the base camp meeting, zhukov emphasized: "In order to carry out this campaign, we should ensure that we firmly grasp the strategic initiative and finally turn to the general attack in an important direction. The German attack must stop within the defensive tactical terrain, otherwise once the German tank corps breaks through the Kursk region, the Central Army and the Japanese army in Voroney will be in trouble. In order to make the German main force suffer a decisive failure in the Kursk arc area, the operational plan of the Kursk arc area is the core of all summer and autumn strategic operational plans. "
Stalin didn't make any comments on the plan of zhukov and the General Staff this time. He fully agreed with zhukov and others, and instructed zhukov and Alexander.
During May and June of 1943, zhukov hardly left the Japanese army and the Central Army in Voronezh. He cares about every tiny detail in battle preparation, and any negligence can't escape his eyes. Zhukov sends a telegram to Stalin every day, sometimes several times a day, reporting various measures to be taken.
On July 4, Hitler issued a mobilization order to the assault troops, which was scheduled to attack the next day.
On the evening of July 4th, zhukov came to the Central Army Command, where he learned from a German prisoner caught during the day that the Germans would attack in the early morning of the next day. At 2 o'clock in the morning, the Soviets 13 reported that the Germans were entering the position. Zhukov made a decisive decision: seize the opportunity and make a decision immediately. Decided to strike first and subdue the other side first. While briefing the high command, he decided to prepare for the artillery counterattack, that is, before the German artillery began to prepare to fire, the enemy fired first and disrupted the German position.
Twenty minutes later, under the command of zhukov, all the guns on the Soviet positions suddenly opened fire on the German positions, and the whole Kursk region was suddenly in flames, reflecting night like day.
Due to the sudden action of the Soviet Union, the German offensive troops were caught off guard and suffered heavy losses. The original attack on the Central Army was postponed for two and a half hours, while the attack on the Japanese army in Voroney was postponed for three hours.
At 5: 30, the German Ninth Army, which had just recovered from Soviet artillery fire, launched a powerful tank attack on the Central Army in rokossovsky in the main direction of Orholtka.
On the 40-kilometer-long front between north and south, nearly a thousand German tanks, like a herd of running bison, threw smoke into the sky, making a deafening roar and overwhelming the Soviet army.
The Soviet troops fought calmly and repelled the enemy's attacks again and again.
As a result of the battle, the German armored forces repelled the anti-assault of Soviet tanks, but their own shells were exhausted and trapped in the endless minefield preset by the Soviet Union, unable to attack. In this way, the German attack in the northern part of Kursk projection failed after 48 hours and was forced to turn to defense.
Germans don't want to fail. They redeployed their troops, changed the direction of assault, put all their tank reserves into use, and killed the Central Army again.
Thanks to the wise command of zhukov and rokossovsky, the Central Army did not need the support of the grassland reserve team at all, and beat back the enemy's attack on its own.
On July 7th, with the close support of the Air Force, the 4th Panzer Corps of Holt stormed the Soviet defense continuously. After three days of hard work, we finally cut into the Soviet defense line for 35 kilometers on the 9 th and arrived in Oboyan.
At this time, the Soviet situation in southern Kursk was very dangerous.
All the reserves of the Japanese army in Voroney have been put into battle, but the thin wedge of the German army has been driven deep into the Soviet defense and reached the rear of a group army. It seems that the Germans are really going to reveal the Soviet defense.
Manstein saw that the Germans had wedged into the Soviet depth in the direction of Oboyan and wanted to move forward. Unexpectedly, they encountered Soviet troops and fought fiercely for two days, but found nothing. Therefore, Manstein turned to the north and went straight to prokhorov Card, trying to pierce the Soviet barrel defense through the city.
Tactically speaking, Manstein's decision is undoubtedly correct. However, he faced opponents like zhukov and Huaxi Levki. As early as July 9, zhukov and Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander.
As a result, the largest tank battle in World War II broke out in prokhorov.
On the morning of July 12, these two steel torrents collided in prokhorov Card.
Although Germany's new tanks are superior to Soviet tanks in armor and firepower, the firepower advantage of German tanks cannot be reflected because both sides are engaged in tank warfare and their heavy armor is not flexible enough in melee. In the fierce battle, Soviet tanks bravely rushed into the inflexible battle formation of German tanks and violently destroyed them.
Germany's plan to put heavy tanks into battle went bankrupt.
The Soviet army was brave and tenacious in the battle. In extreme cases, it would rather collide with the enemy and perish together: perish together or perish together. Don't let the enemy escape alive.
This unprecedented bloody war lasted for eight hours from morning till night. Finally, the Germans couldn't hold on, leaving more than 300 burning tanks and fleeing in a hurry. More than half of the guards tanks of the Soviet Fifth Army were also lost. More than 700 tank wrecks collided tightly, some turrets were torn off and charred bodies were everywhere. ...
Although the Soviet army lost more than the German army in this battle, the real winner on the battlefield was the Soviet army.
On the morning of July 13, this historic battle ended and zhukov came to the Japanese command post in Voronezh. By studying the documents of the headquarters and interrogating prisoners of war, zhukov saw that the war crisis was over. By July of 16, the Germans had completely stopped attacking and gradually began to retreat to the starting position.
Now, we must not miss the opportunity! We must cut off the retreat in time to prevent the enemy from returning to the trenches and restore fire. Zhukov decided to immediately organize troops and launch an all-out attack on the Germans as scheduled.
12 In July, on the same day of prokhorov War, the main force of Bryansk and the troops on the western front north of Kursk Projection launched the "Kutuzov" campaign as planned, killing orel.
If the Battle of Stalingrad heralded the decline of the German army, the Battle of Kursk led to its demise.
Under the wise command of the Soviet Supreme Command, the Fifth Route Army swept away the remnants of the Soviet fascist gangs with the autumn wind. After "three major battles" and "ten major blows", we advanced into Hitler's lair Berlin from different strategic directions.
On April 5, zhukov called all the army commanders, members of the military commission and military commanders to the army headquarters in the small town of Menzewood. The wall of the room is a map covered with linen. About one hundred generals and officers gathered in the hall, and zhukov announced in a solemn and gentle voice:
"comrades! I invite you to come here and announce Comrade Stalin's orders. "
The audience was silent. Zhukov raised his voice and went on to say:
"The Supreme Commander, Soviet Marshal Comrade Stalin ordered our army to turn to attack in the direction of Berlin from the early morning of April 16, surrounded Berlin, the capital of fascist Germany, crushed and destroyed the effective forces of the enemy, and raised the banner of defeating Berlin!"
Zhukov voice down, burst into warm applause in the hall, lasted for a few minutes to gradually stop. Then, as usual, zhukov explained in detail the specific tasks undertaken by the Army, Army Group and Corps in this decisive battle. In order to let the participating generals better understand the campaign intention and the tasks they accepted, zhukov laid out a large-scale map on the floor of the conference hall, and further explained the requirements, breakthrough points and enemy deployment of each stage of the campaign according to various symbols on the map, and also conducted sand table operations in downtown Berlin.
Zhukov has repeatedly stressed that despite the great victory, the balance of forces between the enemy and ourselves has undergone fundamental changes, and we should not take it lightly at all: it means that we are careless about a certain issue and take it seriously. Never underestimate the enemy, so that the commanders and fighters can fully realize that we have never captured a city as big as Berlin during the whole war, which covers an area of 90 square kilometers and has strong fortifications.
16 at 3 am in April, the Soviet army launched a general attack on Berlin, starting with artillery preparation and aviation preparation.
The shelling started at 3 o'clock at night and thousands of shots were fired.
In the breakthrough area, the dense artillery group at a distance of 200 meters has not stopped bombarding, and the 143 aerial searchlight suddenly flashed. Illuminated from below, the advance of infantry and tanks alarmed the Hitler elements, and they concluded that the Russians had new weapons-these new weapons could make people blind. In the middle of the night, hundreds of bombers aimed at targets deep in the enemy's defensive positions. At dawn, bombers and attack planes threatened the battlefield. On the first day and night of the battle, the air force dispatched 6550 sorties.
In order to end the street fighting as soon as possible and hit the enemy's morale, the Soviet army finally decided to use 1. 1000 cannons to fire at the city at the same time. From April 2 1 to May 2, 800,000 shells were fired at Berlin, which almost leveled all the fortified streets.
In the sound of gunfire, the Red Army entered the Imperial Office. /kloc-On the night of May, 2000, the red flag was raised in the Capitol.
1 At 4: 00 a.m. on May 4th, General Chuikov reported to zhukov that General krebs, the chief of staff of the German General Staff authorized to negotiate a truce, had been sent to the command post of the 8th Guards. Krebs informed Hitler that he had committed suicide.
Stalin instructed Germany not to negotiate at all and to surrender unconditionally.
Therefore, zhukov strongly announced that before 10 in the morning, it would declare the unconditional surrender of Germany in front of all allied forces. Unfortunately, Goebbels did not answer. Therefore, we have to continue to storm the city.
On May 2nd, at 1: 50, the radio station of Berlin City Defense Command announced the cessation of military operations. On the morning of May 2, the captured Berlin Yugoslav capital commander Weidlinger ordered the Germans to stop resisting. Drop your weapon at 15.
After the conquest of Berlin, the Germans surrendered unconditionally. After four years of arduous and bloody fighting, the Soviet people finally defeated Germany and won a complete victory in the anti-fascist war.