Some of them took the initiative to rebel, some took the initiative to accept peaceful adaptation, some surrendered passively, and some were defeated and captured. Although they all laid down their weapons, these four behaviors are essentially different, and the "treatment" they enjoy afterwards is also very different. Therefore, when the national generals laid down their weapons, it was particularly important for the PLA to "characterize" their behavior, and some interesting things happened in the middle.
1948 10 In late October, the Liaoshen Campaign will come to an end. At that time, the People's Liberation Army had already invaded Shenyang and launched a fierce street battle with the Kuomintang defenders.
However, at about 9: 00 am on June 1948+0 1 Sunday, the northeast defenders of the Kuomintang army suddenly sent people to contact our army. what do you want to do? It turned out that they asked for negotiations and were willing to lay down their arms on their own initiative, but on the condition that our army must admit that they were a "firewire uprising."
At that time, it was Wang Zuobang, director of the Political Department of the 14th Regiment of Dongye Second Longitudinal Fifth Division, who was responsible for negotiating with the national army. Hearing each other's conditions, he was happy. What kind of uprising is this? The PLA has entered Shenyang, and the two sides have been fighting for so long. When we are about to win the battle, the other side wants to "fire line uprising."
He resolutely disagreed with the other party's request. After reporting to the superior leaders, the response was also: "When will the uprising take place? Tell them to lay down their weapons quickly! "
So, Wang Zuobang told the negotiators of the national army that you should either surrender or continue to fight, but in the end it must be wiped out, but they persisted. The two sides negotiated for a long time, and finally our army was characterized as "defection." Although this is not their dream "uprising", it is better than being a prisoner.
Here is a question: What is the difference between uprising, reception and adaptation, defection and capture, which makes some generals pay so much attention to their characterization when laying down their weapons?
First of all, from the time point of view, the first two occurred before the start of the battle, and the last two occurred after the start of the battle. There is an essential difference between the two. The peaceful adaptation of the uprising completely avoided the possible casualties caused by the fighting between the two sides. Surrender and capture are bound to be accompanied by casualties on both sides, which is also an important factor leading to different "treatment" after they surrender their guns.
Secondly, from the perspective of subjective initiative, from the uprising to the peaceful adaptation, to the rebellion, to the capture, the initiative is getting weaker and weaker, and the passivity is getting stronger and stronger.
1, the background of the uprising is that once the two sides go to war, the outcome cannot be determined; 2. The background of accepting peaceful adaptation is that the winning rate of the other side is obviously higher when the two sides are at war; The background of surrender is that after the fighting started, I didn't want to hand over my gun at first, and then I decided to lay down my weapon for my own retreat. 4. The background of being captured is that the two sides are at war, and their own side has been defeated and forced to lay down their weapons;
Third, judging from the "treatment" enjoyed after the war, from the uprising to the peaceful adaptation, to the defection, to the capture, the "treatment" is getting worse and worse.
1, the troops that took the initiative to rebel can generally retain their original establishment afterwards, that is, the original troops will not split, and the generals will also retain their original positions and gain high prestige.
For example, 1949 Chen Mingren in the Changsha Uprising, the former Kuomintang Corps 1 was completely preserved afterwards, but the serial number was changed to PLA Corps 2 1, and Chen Mingren's post was also retained. When 1955 was knighted, he was also awarded the rank of general. (1955, only three generals won the rank of general before the national army uprising, and the other two were Tao Zhiyue and Dong).
2. The senior generals of the army who voluntarily accept the peaceful adaptation will also get higher treatment and prestige, which will not be much different from the uprising.
For example, 1949 took the initiative to rebel and accepted the peaceful adaptation of Fu, which saved the ancient capital of Beiping from being destroyed by gunfire. Although his army did not retain the organizational structure later, he gained great respect from our party and was appointed Minister of Water Resources after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The troops who surrendered on the battlefield avoided casualties to some extent. Therefore, although the treatment afterwards is certainly not as good as the uprising and adaptation, it is better to save your life and get personal freedom than to be a prisoner.
A typical example of the national army that surrendered was Zheng Dongguo, the former deputy commander of the Northeast Suppression General who surrendered in the Liaoshen Campaign in 1948.
Defeated and captured troops usually cause great casualties on both sides. Therefore, the defeated and captured senior generals are generally sent to the war criminals prison in Jingfu for ideological reform for at least 10 years, such as Du, Wen Qiang, Liao Yaoxiang, Song Xilian, etc. Those who commit heinous crimes against the people are usually punished by military courts.
Generally speaking, the treatment enjoyed after uprising, adaptation, defection and capture varies greatly from time to time.