Europe and America give lectures, attend academic conferences and inspect geological structures. 1928 In July, the National Government decided to establish the National Wuhan University, and Cai Yuanpei, president of the National Government Academy (Ministry of Education), appointed Li Siguang as the chairman of the preparatory committee of Wuhan University, and selected the new campus of Wuhan University (there is also a statue of Li Siguang in Wuhan University). 1in the autumn of 949, shortly after the founding of New China, Li Siguang, who was abroad, was invited to become a member of the CPPCC. After getting the news, he immediately made preparations for returning to China. At this time, a friend in London (Mr. and Mrs. Ling Yuan) called and told him that the ambassador of the Kuomintang government to Britain had received a secret order to make a public statement and refuse to accept the position of a member of parliament, otherwise he would be detained. Li Siguang made a decisive decision and left London for France alone. Two weeks later, Xu Shubin of Li Furen received a letter from Li Siguang, saying that he had arrived in Basel on the Swiss-German border. The couple bought a boat ticket from Italy to Hong Kong in Basel and secretly set off for home in 1949 and 65438+February respectively. Li Siguang, who returned to the embrace of New China, was entrusted with an important task, successively serving as Minister of Geology, Vice President of China Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the National Association for Science and Technology and Vice Chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Although he is old, he is still fighting in the front line of scientific research and national construction, and has made great contributions to China's geology, oil exploration and construction. 1951August, China Changchun Institute of Geology, Shandong University Department of Geology and Mineral Resources, Northeast Institute of Technology Department of Geology and Physics merged into Northeast Institute of Geology (later renamed Changchun Institute of Geology, now Jilin University Department of Geology), with Li Siguang as the first dean. 1952, Li Siguang was invited to work in Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences again. 1958, through the introduction of He Changgong and Zhang Jinfu, Li Siguang joined the producer party of China, and became a fighter of * * * from a national Democrat. After 1960s, Li Siguang's health became worse and worse due to overwork, but he devoted himself to earthquake prediction, prediction and geothermal utilization with great enthusiasm and energy. 1971On April 29th, Li Siguang died of illness at the age of 82. This poem written by Li Siguang in memory of a good student in his early years is also a brilliant portrayal of his life-long geological science research. You swam past me on the rugged Wuling Road. The peaks are hidden, surrounded by ringing water heads. The wind and cloud changed suddenly, and it was golden. Where is the mountain, the stone trace is eternal. Li Siguang and his family.
Li Siguang's greatest contribution is to establish geomechanics, study the phenomena of crustal movement from the mechanical point of view, and explore the laws of geological movement and mineral distribution. He established the concept of Neocathaysian tectonic system, analyzed its characteristics, and discussed the geological conditions and hydrocarbon formation conditions in China with these theoretical concepts. As early as the 1940s, Pan Zhongxiang, a geologist in China, clearly put forward the theory of continental oil generation, indicating that there must be oil in the widely distributed continental strata in China, which theoretically refuted the western view that China was poor in oil. In 1950s, under the leadership of Minister Li Siguang, through the continuous theoretical exploration and practice of famous geologists Huang and Xie in China, it was affirmed that the eastern part of China, especially the Songliao Basin in Northeast China, had good oil storage conditions. After listening to the report carefully, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai supported the viewpoint of the Ministry of Geology, and started a large-scale oil survey in Songliao Plain and North China Plain on the advice of the Ministry of Geology and Li Siguang. 1956, under the auspices of Li Siguang, Daqing, Shengli, Dagang, Huabei and Jianghan oil fields were discovered in a short time, which made immortal contributions to China's oil industry. From the late 1950s to the 1960s, the exploration departments successively discovered the major oilfields such as Nianji Oilfield, Dagang Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield and Huabei Oilfield. When the national construction was in urgent need of energy, rolling oil appeared. In this way, not only did China get rid of the "poor oil" hat, but also the continental oil generation theory put forward by China people and the geomechanics theory founded by Li Siguang were proved most powerfully.
Edit this paragraph and save the country through science.
Li Siguang wax figure
Li Siguang lived in the countryside for nearly 14 years. Since the age of five or six, he has been studying in the private school where his father teaches, and he has to help his mother with firewood, rice, flour grinding and water fetching ... The hard life has cultivated his hard-working spirit and stubborn character. After the revolution of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Westernization Schools sprang up, and many new schools were established in Hubei, aiming at learning new things and being unconventional. Li Siguang was deeply attracted. He took the exam alone and was admitted with excellent results. In the new school, he is eager to learn new knowledge. Because he won the first place in every exam, he was selected as a formal student in the province and sent to Japan to study shipbuilding. Li Siguang stayed in Japan for seven years, where he joined the China League led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The year after Li Siguang returned to China, the Revolution of 1911 broke out, and he participated in the defense of Hankou. As the newly appointed financial department of Hubei military government, he personally organized dockers and rickshaw pullers to transport arms and go to the front. Subsequently, he was elected as the Minister of Industry of Hubei Military Government. Just as Li Siguang was about to do something great, the Revolution of 1911 failed. He devoted himself to the research of science and technology and embarked on the road of "saving the country through science". He went to study in England, first studying mining, then studying geology. He prayed that one day, he could see a politically clear world and contribute his youth and blood to the motherland. Studying abroad is not easy. In order to maintain the rising tuition, Li Siguang went to work in the mine during the holidays. During his six years in Birmingham University, he not only achieved excellent academic results, but also mastered English, and obtained a bachelor's degree and a doctor's degree successively. After graduation, he politely refused a well-paid employment in a mine, accepted the invitation of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, returned to the motherland, and became a professor in the Geology Department of Peking University.
Mao Zedong and Li Siguang edited this paragraph.
1952 One day, Mao Zedong met Li Siguang at a meeting in the midst of intense work at home and abroad and inside and outside the Party. That day, Li Siguang came home full of energy and talked about the happy scene in the interview: Mao Zedong was a big shot. Red face, approachable, amiable. Mao Zedong asked him: What is the "herringbone structure"? Can you tell me something about it? Li Siguang was very moved. Mao Zedong read widely and paid so much attention to the development of geological science that even the special concept of gabled structure in geomechanics was noticed. During Li Siguang's tenure as Minister of Geology, President Mao Zedong repeatedly gave instructions on geological work. In 1953, Mao Zedong pointed out that the Ministry of Geology is the party's geological investigation and research department. In 1956, Mao Zedong also pointed out that the geological department is the reconnaissance department of underground conditions, and its work may not be good. Take the lead, ten thousand horses can't move forward, so we should make a five-year plan in advance. President Li Siguang and President Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong also attached great importance to geomechanics founded by Li Siguang. 1955, according to Mao Zedong's instructions, Premier Zhou Enlai supported the Ministry of Geology to establish a geomechanics laboratory. Since then, on the basis of this laboratory, it has gradually developed, and today there is a special geomechanics research institute. Mao Zedong is extremely concerned about China's oil prospects. As early as the beginning of the first five-year plan, one day, Mao Zedong met Li Siguang in a living room in Zhongnanhai. At that time, Zhou Enlai was present. During the conversation, Mao Zedong asked with concern about the prospect of natural oil in China. Li Siguang paid attention to this problem as early as 1932. Later, from 1935 to 1936, when he was giving lectures in Britain, he wrote a book "Geology of China", in which "economically valuable sediments in the East China Sea and North China" were mentioned, which actually meant oil. He answered Mao Zedong in an optimistic and very positive tone, saying that China's natural oil prospects are promising. On the basis of decades of geomechanics research, he analyzed the geological conditions of China from the perspectives of the Neocathaysian tectonic system to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and thought that China is a vast country with abundant natural oil resources. Songliao Plain and North China Plain include Bohai Bay, Jianghan Plain and Beibu Gulf, and the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea have economically valuable sediments. Because this sentence was written in English in the past, it was deliberately vague. Hearing this, Zhou Enlai said with a smile: Our geological minister is very optimistic! Mao Zedong also smiled happily, and immediately made a strategic decision to conduct oil survey and exploration. According to Mao Zedong's strategic decision, the Ministry of Geology, together with other departments, carried out strategic petroleum survey and exploration nationwide. According to geomechanics theory, they conducted oil surveys in different degrees in some vast Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basins of more than 2 million square kilometers. More than 3,000 measuring wells have been drilled with a total footage of 65,438+200,000 meters. From a large number of geological data obtained, not only the basic characteristics of petroleum geology in China are preliminarily found out, but also it is confirmed that China is rich in natural petroleum resources. Later, Daqing Oilfield spewed a lot of oil, which is the best example. Geomechanics has been tested in petroleum exploration practice. Mao Zedong has always remembered it. 1964 During the Third Session of the National People's Congress, a waiter comrade found Li Siguang among the deputies to the National People's Congress and said to him, "Please go to the Beijing Hall!" Li Siguang didn't know what was going on at that time. When he entered the Beijing Hall, he saw that Mao Zedong was the only one sitting there. Li Siguang didn't expect Mao Zedong to find him, thinking that the waiter said the wrong place, and quickly apologized and said, "Chairman, I'm sorry, I went to the wrong door!" However, Mao Zedong came briskly, held Li Siguang's hand tightly and said, "I didn't go the wrong way. I came to see you. " Mao Zedong then said humorously to Li Siguang, "Li Siguang, you played Tai Ji Chuan well." Li Siguang didn't understand Mao Zedong for a moment and replied, "I'm in poor health. I just learned a little. " Mao Zedong smiled and said, "Your geomechanics Tai Ji Chuan." At this time, Li Siguang realized that Mao Zedong's words spoke highly of him and the vast number of petroleum geologists using the Cathaysian neotectonic system to find oil. Mao Zedong's praise inspired Li Siguang to make contributions to finding more oil for the motherland. /kloc-one day in 0/964, Mao Zedong met Li Siguang again. That was after a meeting in Huairentang. Mao Zedong invited Li Siguang to watch the Henan Opera Chaoyanggou, which was performed in Beijing for the first time, and invited Li Siguang to sit beside him and chat while watching the drama. When talking about petroleum, Mao Zedong spoke highly of the contributions made by the Ministry of Geology and the Ministry of Petroleum in petroleum exploration. Mao Zedong said, "You both deserve credit!" After the performance, Mao Zedong took Li Siguang onto the stage and took photos with the actors. Mao Zedong has always attached importance to the development of scientific and technological work in China, and is very concerned about the growth of scientific workers. He is willing to take an active part in Li Siguang from the old society.
The older generation of scientists are very concerned about socialist construction. 1964 at noon on February 6, Li Siguang received a phone call saying that he would go to Zhongnanhai at once. Li Siguang hurried to Zhongnanhai after lunch, and a comrade waiting for him at the door led him into Mao Zedong's bedroom. Zhu Kezhen and Qian Xuesen also arrived. Mao Zedong asked them to sit by the bed and have a cordial conversation. They talked extensively about astronomy, geology, frontier science and many other important scientific issues for three or four hours. Li Siguang came back and told her daughter: "Chairman is knowledgeable, familiar with many scientific situations at home and abroad, and has a thorough understanding of glaciers, climate and other scientific issues. In his bedroom, even in his bed, there are many classic works and scientific books. When you talk about it, you can turn to it. The scope of the talk is very wide, and the sea is vast. " In this talk, Mao Zedong expressed his views on many major scientific issues, and sincerely hoped that these older generation scientists would contribute their talents to conquering the frontier of science and technology and catching up with the advanced world level. On May 6th, 2009, Mao Zedong met with 10000 delegates who came to Beijing to attend the training class. Central Committee members in Beijing attended the meeting, and Li Siguang was one of them. Seeing Li Siguang on the rostrum, he immediately took Li's hand and affectionately called "Li". The distance between them is so close, however, because the slogan of "Long live Chairman Mao" in the meeting room is so loud, I can't hear the opposite speech clearly. Mao Zedong had to lie prone on Li Siguang's ear and ask him about his health and work. The chairman took Li Siguang's hand and went ahead to meet the comrades present. Then, they left the podium together and walked into the lounge. The family has seen the happy meeting on TV, but they don't know what Mao Zedong and Li Siguang said. As soon as Li Siguang got home, his family were anxious to ask Li Siguang. Li Siguang said happily that Chairman Mao talked with him in the lounge for more than an hour. In this short span of over an hour, Mao Zedong and Li Siguang talked about hundreds of millions of years-from the origin of celestial bodies, the origin of the earth to the origin of life. When talking about the origin of the solar system, Mao Zedong said: I don't trust Schmidt very much. I think the theories of Kant and Laplace are still reasonable. Tell Li that he really wants to read the books written by Li Siguang, hope Li can find some for him, and ask Li Siguang to help him collect some scientific materials at home and abroad. Mao Zedong said, I don't know English, so I'd better use Chinese materials. "What kind of information does the chairman want to see?" Li Siguang asked. Mao Zedong drew a big circle in front of him with his hand and said, "I want you to study the information within your scope." The next day, according to Mao Zedong's instructions, Li Siguang asked his secretary to help him find books. He thought: the chairman is so busy that it is impossible to send him all my books. He should choose one or two representative works to send. After careful selection, Li Siguang first put "Introduction to Geomechanics" and "What do geologists do on the scientific front? This article was sent to Mao Zedong for review. Then, immediately began to collect the information that Mao Zedong wanted. To this end, he read a lot of foreign materials. In order to save Mao Zedong's time and let him see what he needs to see with less energy, Li Siguang decided to organize a document by himself, including the views of various schools at that time in geological theory, and adding his own comments to clarify his views. He spent nearly 1 year sorting out information, and on this basis, he wrote seven books in succession. Every time 1 is written, Li Siguang asks his secretary to send it to the printing factory immediately, typeset it in big letters, and then bring it back to proofread it himself. After these seven books were published, they were named Abstracts of Astronomy, Geology and Paleontology, and sent to Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other central leading comrades.
Edit this passage on Li Siguang and geomechanics.
Geomechanics is a branch of geology, which was founded by Li Siguang. Li Siguang, founder of Li Si geomechanics 1926, 1928.
Guang Guang's book "The Main Causes of Earth Surface Image Change and the Law of Seawater Advance and Retreat after Late Paleozoic" theoretically discusses the problems from hydrosphere movement to lithosphere deformation, from continental movement to structural traces, and puts forward an important concept of structural system in 1929, and establishes a series of structural system types. 194 1 year, Li Siguang formally put forward the term "geomechanics" when he gave a speech on "geomechanics analysis of Nanling geological structure". Fundamentals and Methods of Geomechanics was published in 1945, which systematically summarized the geomechanics theory. Geomechanics is a marginal science that combines mechanics with geology, that is, a science that studies crustal structure, crustal movement and its causes based on mechanical principles. Based on the geological structure (structural trace) phenomenon, it analyzes the distribution of in-situ stress, the mechanical properties of rocks and the role of tracer force, and then traces the way of crustal movement from the way of force action to explore the law and origin of crustal movement. Geomechanics holds that tectonic unit, tectonic block and tectonic system are three basic concepts of geological structure, which is of great significance to explore the law of crustal movement. Known tectonic systems can be divided into three main types, namely, zonal tectonic system, meridional tectonic system and torsional tectonic system. These systems are mainly caused by the horizontal movement of the crust (meridional and latitudinal); The horizontal motion originates from the change of the earth's rotation speed. Li Siguang called the earth's function of automatically adjusting the speed change "continental valve function", so he called this hypothesis "continental valve hypothesis".
Edit the discovery of Quaternary glaciers in this section.
After arriving at the Geology Department of Peking University, Li Siguang taught two courses, Petrology and Advanced Petrology. He won the respect of students with his rigorous metallurgical style. He often takes students to the field for field teaching, watching and chatting. He never let go of a hill, a valley, a pile of stones and a row of cracks. The school was short of funds, so he led the students to clean up the learning environment very quietly. While teaching, he did not relax his research work. His major contributions to geology in his life, such as the identification method of paleontology, the discovery of Quaternary glaciers in China and the establishment of geomechanics, all began in this period. In the process of research, he was never bound by the existing viewpoints and theories, but looked for the truth that has not been recognized and mastered by people according to the laws of nature. So he can constantly put forward creative ideas and dare to challenge some old ideas. Li Siguang's works
For example, since the19th century, geologists from Germany, the United States, France, Sweden and other countries have been coming to China to explore minerals and investigate geology. However, none of them have found glaciers in China. Therefore, in the field of geology, "China has no Quaternary glaciers" has become a conclusion. However, when Li Siguang was studying arachnids, he found some stones that looked like glacial scratches at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain. He continued to investigate in Datong basin and became more and more convinced of his own judgment. So he boldly put forward the view that there are Quaternary glaciers in China at the third general meeting of the general membership in geological society of china. An Tesheng, a Swedish geologist and consultant of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, laughed scornfully and denied it. In order to make people accept this fact, he continued to look for more glacial remains. 10 years later, he not only concluded that there were a large number of glacial remains in Lushan Mountain, but also believed that the Quaternary glaciers in China were mainly valley glaciers, which could be divided into three glacial periods. When Li Siguang's academic views were published in the National Geological Society again, it caused the famous Lushan debate in 1934. In semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China, scientists in China were inferior, and quite a few foreign scholars came to China with nationalism and racial discrimination. Therefore, despite a large number of facts, several foreign scholars have not changed their views. 1936, Li Siguang visited Huangshan again and wrote a paper on Quaternary Glacier Phenomenon in Huangshan, Anhui. This article and several photos of glacier phenomenon have attracted the attention of some Chinese and foreign scholars. Felsmann, a German geology professor, praised him after returning to Huangshan Mountain: "This is an earth-shattering discovery." Li Siguang's efforts for more than ten years were publicly recognized by foreign scientists for the first time. However, he knew it was not enough. He simply moved his family to Lushan Mountain, and established a glacier exhibition hall at the foot of Lushan Mountain, named "White Stone Exhibition Hall" (which was later bombed by the Kuomintang navy) to conduct more in-depth and detailed glacier research. Li Siguang's research on glaciers for many years was comprehensively expounded in Lushan Mountain in the Ice Age, which was completed in 1937. Unfortunately, due to the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, this book was published after 10 years.
Edit this paragraph and go back to China to find an oil field.
From 65438 to 0927, at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, Li Siguang left Beijing for the south to take charge of the preparation of the Institute of Geology. 1928 1 Institute of Geology was established with Li Siguang as its director. Geological research often requires eating and drinking, and the conditions are very difficult. Moreover, the newly established research institute lacks funds, equipment and even a fixed address. Li Siguang and his institute suffered a lot during the eight-year Anti-Japanese War. At that time, he smoked papyrus cigarettes and wore homespun clothes, and his life was very poor. However, he and his colleagues never gave up geological research. Due to the hardship of life and the fatigue of work, he suffered from angina pectoris and tuberculosis. 1948 In early February, Li Siguang left Shanghai for London to attend 18 International Geological Society, and his wife Xu Shubin also went with him. After the meeting, they lived in the British Isles for another year to recuperate and observe the development of the situation at home and abroad. Although Li Siguang is far away in Europe to give lectures and inspect, he is still concerned about the fate of his motherland.