However, among many reformers, who is the first?
In fact, most of the political reforms in the Warring States period were carried out on the basis of predecessors: many of the political reforms in the Warring States period were promoted by the state in the Spring and Autumn Period, and some even appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Most of the political reforms in the Warring States period can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period or the Western Zhou Dynasty.
County system is a political reform measure specially created for the disadvantages of enfeoffment system; The prototype of county system is obviously the reform of county system in Chu Wuwang. In the early days of Chu Wuwang's rule, after Chu destroyed the powerful country, it changed the powerful country into a powerful county, which marked the formation of the county system in Chu. Since then, the monarchs in the past dynasties of Chu have been destroying the country and becoming counties in the process of external expansion, which has greatly enhanced the strength of the public government of Chu. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, King Chu Ling once proudly showed off: In the past, princes were far away from me and feared Jin. Now I am great Chen and Cai, and I don't care about these. , governors afraid of me? ? Every time the Chu people destroyed a country, they did not enfeoffment like other vassal States, but changed to counties. So these annihilated vassal States were directly controlled by the government, and taxes and soldiers were directly controlled by the government? In the long run, of course, the strength of the state government of Chu is increasing day by day! Therefore, Chu Wuwang should be the first person to reform the county system.
Abandon the mine and open the building? The essence is to abolish the old land borrowing system of Zhou people and privatize the land. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, the reform of farmland borrowing system was very common. What about the clock? Reject each other? , Liu Jinyi nephews? Zuo Tian? Produced by Zheng? Make a seal? , are aimed at the reform of agricultural land system. But when it comes to the first person who aims at land reform, it should be Zhou Xuanwang in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Xuanwang acceded to the throne, realized? Not a thousand acres? The reform completely abolished the land borrowing system and privatized the land. Different from the reform in the Warring States period, although there were reforms aimed at the system of borrowing land before the Spring and Autumn Period, they were limited to the productivity level at that time and failed to privatize the land to individuals. Before the Spring and Autumn Period, ironware was not widely used, so it was difficult for a single peasant family to undertake heavy agricultural production activities independently. Therefore, although land was privatized before the Spring and Autumn Period, the object of privatization was the broad landlord class; After the privatization of state-owned land, the landlord class will organize agricultural collective production activities to realize the sustainable development of agricultural production. After entering the Warring States period, with the popularization of ironware, the productivity level of individual farmers was greatly improved, and the land was truly privatized to individuals.
The reform of Xiang Sui system was implemented as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is said that there are only six armies (divisions) in Zhou. However, judging from the bronze inscriptions unearthed in modern times, the Zhou royal family not only has? West Sixth Division? , what else? Dongba Division (Chengzhou Eighth Division)? . It can be seen that with the passage of time, the Zhou royal family has put a lot of original? Hey? Upgrade to? Township? To expand the royal army. Will. Hey? Change to? Township? , which means right? Hometown? And then what? Sui people? Breaking the identity barrier is a political reform. However, it is impossible to verify which king of Zhou started this reform. Therefore, the first person to reform the township system is uncertain. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin State? As a state soldier? Reform is a thorough reform of the township system. In order to strengthen the military strength of the State of Jin, Lu Yi's nephew took advantage of the general trend that the people of the State of Jin were full of revenge after the defeat of Han Yuan. As a state soldier? Reform, let? Sui people? You can also join the army, greatly expanding the military resources of the state of Jin. If we can't find the first person to reform the township system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, then nephew Lu Yi is the first person in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Reforming the patriarchal clan system and appointing people on merit is also an important part of the reform in the Warring States period. The idea of meritocracy appeared a long time ago, but under the patriarchal clan system, there were not many vassal States where this idea could really be widely used. Jin Xiangong was founded? Childe has no storage? System is the first person to reform the patriarchal clan system. First of all, in cooperation with scholars, the Huan and Zhuang clans were eliminated. Later, in order to ensure that Li Ji's son could sit firmly as a prince, Jin Xiangong forced the other sons to death or drove them out of the State of Jin. Not to mention that, in order to ensure that Jin monarchs in the later dynasties can abide by this iron law, Jin Xiangong also specially formulated an alliance spell. Whoever dares not to implement this system in future generations will be cursed! Since Jin Xiangong, the state of Jin has no soil for clan growth. For this reason, the descendants of the Jin Dynasty had to rely on talents of different nationalities and surnames. This has also led to the abundant talents in the state of Jin, which quickly became powerful in just a few decades.
Guanshanhai? Reform is essentially a state monopoly operation and a reform in the economic field. ? Guanshanhai? Ce is famous for Guan Zhong. But? Guanshanhai? Is the source of thought Zhou Liwang? Patents? Reform: nationalization of land and mountains and rivers, and state monopoly management. Because? Patents? After the reform, the Zhou royal family became powerful in a short time. In the early days of Zhou Liwang's reign, the Zhou royal family was once in a state of revival. But because? Patents? The reform excessively exploited the people of China, which was a problem that Zhou Liwang encountered in his later years? Chinese riots? The momentum of the royal revival has been hit hard! But in any case, Zhou Liwang was the first person to reform monopoly management.
The first person to govern the country according to law should be Jin Wengong. After the State of Jin decided to help the State of Song, which was besieged by Chu people, Jin Wengong's series of actions fully verified his thought of rule of law. After the Jin army captured Cao Guo, Dian Xian and Wei Xian disobeyed orders, burned down the house where Nuo was imprisoned and killed him. Therefore, Jin Wengong did not hesitate to kill the hero who followed him in exile 10 for many years to show his respect for the public. In the battle of Chengpu, there was a strong wind in Jin, and the left flag on the flag was blown away. Later, Jin Wengong sent Sima to kill Qi Biao, who was in charge of the flag. After the battle of Chengpu, the overseas Chinese of Zhou returned to China early and killed them after returning home! Zuo Zhuan commented on this: Jin Wengong can properly use punishment to punish three sinners and make the people obey! ?
It is precisely because the predecessors before the Warring States demonstrated the reform that the descendants of the Warring States can go further on their basis and comprehensively use the achievements of the predecessors' reforms to strengthen the country.
History gains momentum by constantly summing up the experiences and lessons of predecessors; And this is also the biggest motivation for people to study history.