These five vows were promulgated by Emperor Meiji during the Meiji Restoration. It can be said that the following two versions can be found in his subsequent policy agenda:

1, Guangxinghui, absolutely discuss everything;

2. With one heart and one mind, classics can prevail;

3, from the civil and military, down to the people, to do their own things, not to make people tired;

4. Get rid of old bad habits and safeguard justice between heaven and earth;

5. Seek knowledge from the world to strengthen Han Ji. Our city will undergo unprecedented changes.

First, Guangxing depends on public opinion;

Second, unite and revitalize the economy;

Third, the official military and even the common people have their own plans and are tireless;

Fourth, the old bad habits are based on the justice of heaven and earth;

Fifth, seeking knowledge in the world greatly boosted the foundation of the emperor.

Although its content has not completely shaken off the influence of feudal thought, and even has some militaristic color, it shows the determination of the new government to reform the old feudal system and actively learn from the West. Together with the Encyclopedia of Reform and Reform, it pointed out the direction for Japan to embark on the road of modernization.

Edit the five vows in this paragraph-Interpretation

The first of the "Five Oaths" is to stabilize celebrities and officials and facilitate the establishment of a centralized country headed by the emperor. Second, it emphasizes unifying thoughts and developing capitalist economy and politics; The third is to abolish the hierarchical system, so that officials and generals can be unified, and the common people (landlords, bourgeoisie and people, mainly businessmen and people) also "have their own plans" and do their own things; Fourth, it is suggested to abandon the slogan of foreign aggression and communicate with foreign countries; The fifth is to learn western science and technology culture to revitalize the country. The release of the policy agenda means that Emperor Meiji, who was 16 years old, was pushed to the historical front in the second year of his reign. According to the arrangement of the leaders of Fan Shi, he led officials, governors and bureaucrats to take the oath ceremony in Chenzi Hall, read out the five oaths, and said to the ministers: This is an unprecedented change in. I will take the lead and swear to the gods of heaven and earth. You must also work together for this. "

The first article of the Five Pledges is "to promote the meeting and do everything according to public opinion", that is, to implement the parliamentary system, and everything is not arbitrary by the emperor alone, but according to public opinion. The second is "unity, the economy has the upper hand." Huang Zunxian saw that the Japanese emperor and the main ministers were United and supported by the middle and lower samurai and the emerging bourgeoisie, while the Great Qing Dynasty was eccentric and had different intentions. Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi were eccentric from Germany and became sworn enemies politically. He can only rely on a group of writers such as Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Weng Tonghe and Tan Sitong, and the rest are scheming old rogues, politicians who judge their words and deeds by their official positions, among whom the most hateful. The third of the five vows is "the unity of the government and the army, and even the common people, each according to its own will, so as not to make the people tired." Officials refer to officials at all levels, and warriors refer to lower-level warriors. Emperor Meiji took a series of measures to let "officials, warriors and ordinary people do whatever they want", the most important one of which was to abolish the ban on land sales, and land was owned by users and could be transferred to owners like commodities. There is only a contractual relationship between the landlord and the tenant, and there is no personal attachment. Bankrupt farmers are free to leave the landlords and sell their labor to other places. The second measure is "developing industry through reproduction". In the early days, the state established a series of new "model factories" by using the fiscal revenue of local tax reform, and encouraged private enterprises to start businesses, and some upper-class warriors also turned into capitalists. In the later period, many official enterprise were transferred to private capitalists, and the first Japanese enterprise giants grew up during the Meiji period. The fourth is "get rid of old habits and restore justice to the world", which breaks a series of stereotypes. The fifth is "learning from the world, greatly consolidating the foundation of the imperial country", and learning from the world extensively.