Zhou Dunyi, formerly known as Dunshi, was named Mao Shu, and later changed his name to Dunyi. In his later years, he built a book hall under Lotus Peak in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province. There is a stream in front of the library, much like Lianxi in his hometown. He named the book hall Lianxi Book Hall, and wrote a poem: "I am homesick on the old Lianxi River …" to show that I will never forget my hometown. Scholars of later generations all respected him as "Mr. Lianxi". ?

Mr. Wang was born in the first year of Tianxi (10 17), Daozhou (Loutian Village, Qingtang Town, Jindao County), and was born in Tianbao Scholarly Family of Yingleli Building. He has been smart and ambitious since he was a child. At the age of five, he named the five mounds in front of the village water, fire, gold, wood and earth, which surprised his elders. I studied Taoism in Yueyan when I was young. In my spare time, I sing the wind by the Lianxi River and go fishing at Dafu Bridge. At the age of fifteen, because his father died of illness, he went to Beijing with his mother to take refuge in his uncle Zheng Xiang, who was a straight bachelor of Longtuge. My uncle, Gao Dehou, is knowledgeable. Seeing that Mr. Wang is diligent and studious and has extraordinary manners, he loves him like a son. He benefited a lot from his uncle's training. ?

At the age of 24, my uncle, Mr. Zheng Xiang, invited Chao to perform, became the main book of Fenning County, and started his career. Later, due to his outstanding achievements, he served as a magistrate, judge, judge, transfer judge, raised some prisons and learned the army, and retired at the age of 56, where he was taught by Christians. The next year, his old friend Zhao Tuan begged Chao Xuan to worship Zhang as a scholar. The emperor agreed that when the imperial edict came to his home, Mr. Zhao died at the age of 57. It was the seventh day of June in Xining, Song Shenzong (1073). ?

The noble sentiment and ideal personality pursued by Mr. Wang all his life have been highly summarized in his famous essay "The Theory of Love Lotus", that is, "The mud is not touched, the ripples are clear but not demon, the communication is straight, the fragrance is far and clear, and the fragrance is graceful and graceful, but it can be viewed from a distance without being ridiculous." ? This is a metaphor for people who have flowers, aiming at being honest and self-disciplined, diligent and loving the people, and taking it as their responsibility to rehabilitate grievances, regardless of the size of their positions; A man should be aboveboard, open-minded, neither supercilious nor supercilious, and be what he seems. That's what he said and did. When the manager joined the army in Nan 'an, a prisoner died unjustly, but his immediate superior transferred Wang Kui to a heavier sentence. Wang Kui has always been headstrong, and the cases he approved can only be followed. No one dares to make comments, only Mr. Wang argues with him. By stating the facts and reasoning, Wang Kui knew that he was wrong and changed his tone. "You are still young, you are just a rookie. To be an official, you must understand that you must not offend local tyrants. " Mr. Wang said disapprovingly, "I didn't kill to kiss up." Go back to your residence and write your resignation report immediately. After reading it, Wang Kui thought of the facts and truth told by Zhou Dunyi, and finally repented and changed the death penalty to exile. When Mr. Wang was a judge in Hezhou, he was diligent in politics and made remarkable achievements. Some hooligans took advantage of the opportunity of Zhao Tuan, an imperial envoy, to inspect officials and spread rumors to slander Mr. Wang. Zhao Tuan was incorruptible and impeached powerful people, but this time he misheard the slanderers and reprimanded her husband. Mr. Wang suffered this unfair injustice, but he accepted it frankly. Coincidentally, five years later, Mr. Zhao Tuan was transferred to Ganzhou as the chief judge, where he became the county magistrate and became his immediate boss. Because of his old impression, Mr. Zhao Tuan began to treat him badly, but he didn't take it seriously and just became an official seriously. After careful investigation, Zhao Tuan regretted listening to slanders in the past and said to her husband, "I lost my gentleman!" " I met Zhou Maoshu today! "From then on, the two became girlfriends and * * * gave lectures to scholars. Zhao Tuan not only praised Mr. Zhao's talent in front of the literati, but also recommended it to Chao Xuan many times. ?

Mr. Wang has been an official for thirty-one years, not only being honest and clean, but also helping the poor and relatives and friends with his own salary many times. When he was a magistrate in Nanchang, he was in shock because of illness. His good friend Pan Xingsi and others went to see him and looked around his house. All that is decent is an old bamboo box. When I opened it, except for some books and old clothes, there was less than 100 yuan in it. Being a magistrate for several years, it is unimaginable to be so shabby. Everyone said in unison, "What a bitch!" . Because of his honesty and self-discipline, when he retired later, sometimes he couldn't even eat porridge and rice, so he was relaxed and had no regrets. Huang Tingjian, a great writer, commented on his sentiment and said, "Uncle Mao has a very high personality and a loose mind. It's cheaper to name and sharper to seek ambition. Thinner than Fu, but thicker than people. The Philippines is dedicated to the body, but Yan and Yan are not. I am ugly in the world, but my friend is still eternal. " ?

Mr. Wang's official position is not big, and his greatest achievement is his academic thoughts, mainly including Tai Chi Tu Shuo, Tai Chi Tu and Shu Tong. His academic thought is based on Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius, and absorbs some beneficial viewpoints of Taoism and Buddhism, emphasizing the rule of virtue, establishing human extremes, advocating righteousness, advocating integrity and stressing official morality. Taking "the unity of heaven and man" as the theme of philosophical argumentation, we should always be a saint, cultivate the ideal personality of "sage tolerance", take benevolence as our own responsibility, conform to the trend, inherit saints, develop philosophy, uphold justice and correct people's hearts, and push Confucianism to a new stage. Later, his students Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and his disciple Zhu formed a systematic philosophical theory and the theory of "governing the mind", which was called Neo-Confucianism or Neo-Confucianism by scholars, and also called "mind" Confucianism closely related to everyone. It is the orthodox philosophy of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it has been regarded as the guiding ideology of "self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world" in all dynasties. Especially in the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), his Illustration of Taiji and General Book were listed as the examination scope. Because of his great academic achievements, he himself was honored as "a man after Confucius and Mencius" and "the originator of Neo-Confucianism". ?

Mr. Wang's academic thoughts and noble sentiments have a great influence on later generations. /kloc-died 0/47 years later, that is, in the 13th year of Jiading, Song Ningzong (1220), "Yuan Gong", posthumous title. In the first year of Song Lizong's Chunyou reign (1224), he was named Runanbo, and since then he has worshipped Confucius Temple. In the first year of Yuan Renzong's extension (13 19), it was also named Daogong. To commemorate it, there are more than 70 Lianxi temples or Lianxi Academy built all over the country. The emperors of the Song and Qing Dynasties specially gave plaques such as "Daozhou Lianxi Academy", "A model for all generations" and "Learning with Excellence makes an official". The father (male) was posthumously appointed as an admonition officer, and the descendants inherited the Five Classics. In Daozhou Lianxi Academy and Lianxi hometown shrine, the imperial courts in previous dynasties allocated special funds for maintenance and management, and organized sacrifices in spring and autumn every year. ?

Our neighboring countries and Japan, North Korea, Vietnam, Singapore and other Southeast Asian countries have also set up shrines to pay tribute to Mr. Yasheng. In order to study his scholarship, Japan has translated 82 versions of his works and academic comments, and Germany also has 4 versions. His academic thoughts rushed out of the country and went to the world. ?

During the May 4th Movement, Wu Yu, a famous Sichuan scholar, totally denied Confucius without analysis and put forward the slogan "Down with Confucius Temple". For half a century, there have been different opinions about Confucius and Mencius, including Zhou Dunyi. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, scholars have emancipated their minds, used their brains to further analyze and study China's traditional culture, combined Marxism–Leninism and China's excellent traditional culture, scientifically and dialectically took its essence and discarded its dross, and created Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture. Zhou Dunyi's theory has become one of the research hotspots, and many scholars have written insightful papers and monographs to give a fair evaluation. Since the 1990s, Daoxian and Rucheng in Hunan Province have held three seminars on Zhou Dunyi's academic thoughts, attended by scholars from Beijing, Shanghai, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Japan, Britain, France and Canada. Opinions vary, but most scholars think that his philosophical works, such as Taiji Tu, Taiji Tu Shuo and Shu Tong, are very simple? Materialism and dialectics:?

First of all. He believes that the origin of the universe is matter. The first sentence in the Illustration of Taiji is "Endlessness and Taiji", which means that the universe starts from an invisible image (invisible to the naked eye) and gradually becomes a tangible primitive universe (Taiji) through countless sequences (infinity). This is consistent with the view of Kant, a modern German philosopher. He thinks that the universe starts from countless dusts, gradually gathers into huge masses through the action of gravity, and finally gathers into the sun and planets from the masses. Engels believed that the above two statements were correct. In "Anti-Turin Theory", he said: "Primitive nebulae, on the one hand, are the origin of existing celestial bodies, on the other hand, are the earliest material forms that we can trace back so far. This does not rule out, but requires such a condition that matter has experienced countless sequences in other forms before the original nebula. " (Selected Works of Marx and Engels) People's Publishing House, Volume III, page 97)?

Secondly, it is believed that all matter is in motion, and it is affirmed that the change of the universe is its own change. "Illustration of Taiji" says: "Taiji gives birth to Yang, moving extremely quietly, static extremely gives birth to Yin, and static extremely moves again", which means that the movement of Taiji (visible universe) is a combination of static and dynamic, moving extremely gives birth to Yang, static extremely gives birth to Yin, moving extremely goes to static, static extremely returns to moving, moving its origin, moving statically and returning to moving, so it is Taiji. All kinds of sequences from infinity to Tai Chi, Tai Chi to the metaplasia of all things are the movements of the universe itself. In other words, everything in the universe is a moving soul. "Shu Tong. The sixteenth movement explains this clearly: moving but not static, static and not moving, things are also. "Moving without moving, static without static, is also a god", which means: anything with large material displacement, clear movement, which is difficult for the eyes to feel, and it is difficult to distinguish whether it is moving or not, such as the continuous decay of wood and the gradual discoloration of clothes, is called divine movement. Everything that moves is movement. "Shu Tong. The sixteenth movement explains this more clearly: "moving without static, static without moving, things are also." Dynamic and clear, as far as the eye can see, it is difficult to distinguish between dynamic and static, such as the continuous decay of wood and the gradual discoloration of clothes, which is called divine movement. Everything that moves is movement. Finally, Shu Tong's sixteenth book. Dynamic and static said: "In the movement of the four seasons, everything is always boiling and endless. "Matter has no movement, and this movement has no beginning or end. It is forever. This view of Zhou Dunyi is consistent with the materialist view that matter is movement. ?

Third, it also has the dialectical principle of unity of opposites. In Zhou Dunyi's works, although there is no rhetoric of unity of opposites and dialectics, it has been implicitly mentioned in the discussion. For example, "Tai Chi Tu Shuo" "Dynamic and static are mutually rooted, Yin and Yang are separated, and the two instruments stand out." The two opposites of the main contradiction in the universe itself are motion and static, and yin and yang go hand in hand. The two are both opposite and "mutually rooted". Without one party, the other party cannot exist. Another example is the article "The Combination of Fool and Fu" written by him, which refers to cleverness and clumsiness, silence and words, work and leisure, and fu and discipline, all of which contain the dialectical principle of unity of opposites. ?

1989-65438+February, the book "The Essence of China's Ancient Philosophy" published by Shanghai People's Publishing House was listed as ***36 representatives of "China Wisdom" from the birth of Confucius in 55/kloc-0 BC to the Qing Dynasty, and Zhou Dunyi was one of them. His simple materialistic thought, shining dialectics, innovative spirit of doing scholarly research, noble sentiment of "cleaning up the dirt and not dying", and his broad mind, which is cheaper than naming but thirsty for talents, will always be a good example for us to learn. His Neo-Confucianism and "honesty" moral concept have become one of the important historical and theoretical foundations for China to govern the country by virtue. ?

Mr. Wang has a high personality and a free and easy mind, and is a model for future generations. Its descendants are developed all over the country, and celebrities come forth in large numbers. Lu Xun, a great literary master, and Zhou Enlai, the founding prime minister, are its 31st and 32nd generations respectively. ?

In 2004, the Institute of Philosophy of Hunan Academy of Social Sciences and Daoxian jointly established the "Hunan Lianxi Studies Research Association" to systematically study Zhou Dunyi's Neo-Confucianism and personality charm.