Question 2: What do you mean by folklore? Custom is a behavior pattern or norm that people in the past dynasties followed in a specific social and cultural field. The diversity of customs means that people often refer to the differences in behavior norms caused by different natural conditions as wind; The difference in behavior rules caused by social and cultural differences is called vulgarity. The so-called different winds in a hundred miles and different customs in a thousand miles appropriately reflect the different characteristics of local customs. Custom is a social tradition. Some popular fashions, customs and inappropriate parts of the original customs will change with the changes of historical conditions. That's what the so-called changing customs means.
Question 3: What is folk custom? Is what people call custom:
1. Long-standing customs and habits. "Preface to Poetry": "The former king learned from husband and wife to become the virtue of filial piety, the virtue of respecting others, the beauty of education, and changing customs." Song Sima Guang's "Su Wen Zhao Cheng Lu Wen, Dedicating to the Great Master" Part IV: "Luoyang is full of customs, and the Dutch woodcutter also wears flowers." Chapter 8 of Ba Jin's death: "They asked me about the customs of China, and I also said a little, which often made them laugh."
2. refers to folk songs. Historical records? Le Shu: "I think this state is different from other countries and has different feelings and habits, so I study customs and compare temperament."
Custom is a behavior pattern or norm that people in the past dynasties followed in a specific social and cultural field. The diversity of customs means that people often call the differences in behavior norms caused by different natural conditions "wind" and the differences in behavior rules caused by social and cultural differences "custom". The so-called "different winds in a hundred miles, different customs in a thousand miles" appropriately reflects the characteristics of different customs in various places. Custom is a social tradition. Some popular fashions, customs and inappropriate parts of the original customs will change with the changes of historical conditions. That's what the so-called "changing customs" means. Custom is a kind of historical formation, which has very strong behavioral constraints on members of society. Custom is the basis and supplementary part of social morality and law.
More details:
Question 4: What is custom? In a certain time and region, people's activities and lifestyles are the same, some are the same, such as the Spring Festival, some are the same nationwide, and some are the same, such as weddings and funerals, which have little impact. Only a few people respect and abide by the active lifestyle, and the habits in different regions are different. As the saying goes, people go out for three or five miles.
Question 5: What is the function of folk customs? First, a nation can still exist in an ever-changing world and live by its own folk customs.
Second, most ethnic groups have learned the strengths of other ethnic groups, changed their own shortcomings and been improving their lives.
Third, even now such things still exist. This is the role played by folk customs.
Question 6: Brief introduction of local folklore: (for reference) 1. Every ethnic group in Tibet has its own unique culture and living habits. Tibetans are an ancient and enthusiastic nation. In the long history, they have also formed their own living habits and taboos. 1. When two friends meet after a long separation, greet each other or chat, you can't put your hand on each other's shoulder. 2. You can't step on or step on other people's clothes, and you can't put your own clothes on other people's clothes, let alone cross people. 3, women hang clothes, especially pants, * * * can not be hung in places where everyone passes by. Don't whistle or cry loudly in the house. 5. The family is not at home, the guests have just left, noon and sunset, and on the first day of the Tibetan New Year, you can't sweep the floor or take out the garbage. 6, outsiders can't mention the name of the deceased in front of the relatives of the deceased. 7. What should be done this year can't be done next year, such as knitting wool, sweaters and carpets. 8. At dusk, you can't just go to other people's homes, especially pregnant women who have given birth and women who have just given birth or seriously ill patients. Strangers can't go. 9. After noon, you can't take out any belongings at home. 10, a stranger who has never been to mountains and cliffs and canyons, can't talk loudly. 1 1, tableware, pots, plates, etc. Can not be crossed or trampled. 12. Two people at home go out at the same time and go in the opposite direction. They can't go out at the same time. They must go out before and after, and the time to go out should be separated. 13, women can't comb their hair and wash their hair at night and can't go out with their hair covered. 14. When using brooms and dustpans, you can't pass them directly by hand. You must put them on the ground first, and then another person will pick them up from the ground. 15. Whenever relatives and friends visit your home or visit you, they will send you some butter tea or highland barley wine as a gift. Guests can't leave everything empty when they leave. Be sure to leave some in it or change something for themselves. 16. A chipped or cracked bowl cannot be used for eating or pouring tea for guests. 2. Yi Torch Festival, that is, Yi Year. In the eyes of Yi people, fire symbolizes light, justice and prosperity, and a powerful force that can destroy all evil. Torch Festival is a festival of joy, love and happiness for Yi people. Hong Kong Lunar New Year is a traditional grand festival in China, and I believe people all over China know it. However, celebrating the Lunar New Year in Hong Kong is completely different from the traditional ones in terms of customs and atmosphere. In recent years, few Hong Kong people put up Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures at home during the Lunar New Year. On the contrary, they posted "Prosperous Business" and "Safe Access" in some shops or homes. Even so, the original intention of posting Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures is the same as that of posting Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures. I hope everything will be smooth and safe in the coming year. In addition, lion dances and dragon lanterns will also appear in some villages and villages in the New Territories. It is difficult to see large-scale lion dances and dragon lanterns on the streets of urban areas in the New Year. As for setting off firecrackers and firecrackers, it is forbidden in Hong Kong. However, since 1982, a grand fireworks display has been held in Victoria Harbour every year on the second night of the Lunar New Year, which has been a program to welcome the Spring Festival for more than ten years. Hong Kong is known as a "gourmet paradise". There are many customs about eating during the Spring Festival, and most families will have a "reunion dinner" during the Spring Festival, usually at home, and the whole family will get together for dinner on New Year's Eve. I believe that the first choice for after-dinner programs is to visit the flower market. During the Lunar New Year, there are many flower markets in Hong Kong and Kowloon, among which the flower market in Victoria Park is the largest and most lively. Hong Kong people are used to visiting the flower market after dinner. On New Year's Eve, people are crowded and everyone will spend the holidays together. The happiest thing about spending the Lunar New Year in Hong Kong is to "benefit" the children. Laughter can be heard everywhere during the Spring Festival. "Li" was originally a kind of "good thing", based on good luck, and also became an indispensable custom with relatives during the Spring Festival. 4. The customs of Macao are unique. Xie Zao is one of the most traditional China customs preserved in Macau. On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, Macao people call it Xie Zao. According to the tradition in China, Macau people also give the kitchen god sugar, saying that it is to paste the mouth of the kitchen god with sugar, so as not to speak ill of him in front of the Jade Emperor. I saw a picture of Santa Claus on the stove of a Macao family in Flower Street, Macau. Strangely, Santa Claus looks like a side ... >>
Question 7: What are the folk customs of the four major ethnic groups in China? First of all, we must determine which four ethnic groups.
What are the standards of the four major ethnic groups? Number of people? If calculated by the number of people, it should be
Zhuang 16 17.88
Manchu 1068.23
*** 98 1.68
Miao nationality 894.05438+0
* * * Er nationality 839.94
Tujia 802.8 1
Yi nationality 776.23
Mongolian 58 1.39
Tibetan 54 1.60
According to the four nationalities you wrote, the festivals with the same theme should be
Dragon Boat Festival
Also known as Duanyang Festival, Tianzhong Festival and May Festival, it is a traditional folk festival of the Han nationality and is popular in most parts of the country. Besides the Han nationality, the Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Zhuang and Buyi nationalities also celebrate this festival. It is held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year.
The festivals of the Han nationality mainly include dragon boat racing, eating zongzi, hanging auspicious images of bells, hanging sachets, drinking realgar wine, inserting calamus and picking herbs.
the Mongol nationality
Before sunrise on the Dragon Boat Festival, people will wash their faces with cold water by the river and the well to drive away bad luck, and then flock up the mountain to collect mugwort leaves. Because mugwort leaves have the function of killing insects and removing dirt, people stick mugwort leaves on doors to avoid the plague. Women also hang wallets full of mugwort on children and wear them in their hair. In order to refuse the arrival of the plague, people also inserted small medicine gourds with peach branches and paper folds in the households' homes, also called paper seals. According to legend, Lv Dongbin once told the world that storing medicine with gourd during the Dragon Boat Festival can kill the five poisons. On this day, children's wrists and ankles will be tied with colorful ropes, commonly known as "life-sustaining ropes", whose function is also to remove viruses. At noon, people will leave these clothes on the side of the road. Rolling eggs is also an important custom of the Dragon Boat Festival. This morning, the old woman would roll the boiled eggs back and forth on her grandson's stomach, and she was still muttering, "If the steamed stuffed bun eats the eggs, the disaster will disappear."
These customs of the Dragon Boat Festival have been spread among the people until the 1990s. In modern times, Tianqiaokou in Jinzhou also has the Mongolian custom spectacle of Dragon Boat Festival. From the fifth day of May to May 1 1 day, many ancient Mongolian herders in Chengde and Tongliao went to the sea to bathe and pray, sometimes reaching four or five thousand people. After praying, they take them home with bottles full of seawater and sprinkle them on their neighbors, so that they can also get happiness and good luck from the sea.
***
Its contents mainly include: daughter going back to her mother's house, hanging Zhong Kui statue, welcoming the ghost boat, hiding in the afternoon, sticking leaves in the afternoon, hanging calamus and wormwood, traveling in all diseases, wearing sachets, preparing sacrificial bowls, dragon boat races, competitions, hitting the ball, swinging, drawing children with realgar, drinking realgar wine, drinking calamus wine, eating poisonous cakes, salted eggs, zongzi and seasonal fresh fruits.
Tibetans (have different habits)
In Apollo Township, Zhouqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Baima Tibetans living here hold a "Flower Festival" to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival every year from the fourth to the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Young men and women in other places go to the countryside for recreation, horse racing, singing and dancing, playing games and other activities.
During the Dragon Boat Festival in Xiaoliangshan, Sichuan, people went into the mountains to collect herbs to prevent and treat diseases. Mulao people have to carry paper boats to the fields during the Dragon Boat Festival. Wizards patrol the ship to drive away pests and pray for the growth of seedlings. In addition to the dragon boat race, Miao people in Guizhou also hold activities such as stepping on inspiration, singing, mountain riding and traveling.
Question 8: What are the folk customs in China? I. Spring Festival
The most solemn traditional folk festivals in China generally refer to New Year's Eve and the first day of the first month, also known as the lunar calendar, commonly known as "Chinese New Year" and "Chinese New Year". But among the people, the traditional Spring Festival refers to the sacrificial ceremony from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month or the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month to the 15th of the first lunar month in La Worship, with New Year's Eve and the first day of the first lunar month as * * *.
2. Lantern Festival
The 15th day of the first lunar month is the traditional Lantern Festival in China. The first month is January, and the ancients called night night. The fifteenth day of the year is a full moon night, so the fifteenth day of the first month is called Lantern Festival. Also known as Shangyuan Festival. According to the folk tradition in China, the moon is high in the sky and there are 10,000 lanterns on the ground on the festival night of Spring Festival, so people can watch lanterns, solve riddles on the lanterns, eat Yuanxiao and have family reunion.
On February 2nd, the dragon looked up.
According to folklore, every second day of the second lunar month is the day when the Dragon King, who is in charge of sex and rain in the sky, looks up. After that, the rain will gradually increase. Therefore, this day is called the Spring Festival. February 2 was widely spread in northern China, and the dragon looked up; Big warehouse full, small warehouse flow. Folk proverbs.
Whenever the Spring Festival comes, in most parts of northern China, every family carries lanterns to fetch water from wells or rivers in the morning, and when they get home, they light a fire, burn incense and offer offerings. In ancient times, people called this ceremony to attract dragons. On this day, every household will eat noodles, fried oil cakes and popcorn, which is more auspicious than taking the lead in eating gentian and golden beans, and the dragon king will ascend to heaven, sowing sex and rain, and the grain will be abundant.
Four. Qingming Festival
Qingming is one of the 24 solar terms in China. Because the 24 solar terms objectively reflect the changes of temperature, rainfall and phenology throughout the year, ancient working people used them to arrange agricultural activities. Huainanzi? Astronomical training says: "On the 15th day after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to B, and the Qingming wind is coming." According to the centenarian question, "everything grows clean and bright at this time." So it's called Qingming. "As soon as Qingming arrives, the temperature rises and the rainfall increases, which is a good time for spring ploughing and spring planting. Therefore, there is an agricultural proverb that "before and after Qingming, point melons and plant beans" and "planting trees is not as good as Qingming". It can be seen that this solar term is closely related to agricultural production.
According to the old custom, when sweeping graves, people should bring food, wine, fruit, paper money and other items to the cemetery, offer food to the graves of their loved ones, then burn the paper money, cultivate new soil for the graves, break some green branches and insert them in front of the graves, then kowtow and worship, and finally go home after eating and drinking. The poem Qingming written by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "There are many rains during the Qingming period, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. " Write about the special atmosphere in Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Dragon Boat Festival
The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a traditional folk festival in China-Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival, General Festival, Mid-Day Festival, Dachang Festival, Mulan Festival, Daughter's Day and Children's Day. It is one of the traditional festivals of the Han nationality. The Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival and Duanyang. In addition, there are many nicknames for the Dragon Boat Festival, such as: Noon Festival, Chongwu Festival, May Festival, Magnolia Festival, Daughter's Day, Zhongyuan Festival, Dila Festival, Poet's Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Ai Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Summer Festival. Although the names are different, on the whole, the customs of people everywhere are more similar than different. Today, the Dragon Boat Festival is still a very popular grand festival among the people of China.
6. Aunt's Day on the sixth day of June
June 6, please aunt. In the past, on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, rural customs invited married girls, old and young, to receive them well and then send them back.
Seven. Seven nights festival
In the past, July 7th was a very lively festival for people. At that time, young women were most interested in this day. They wear new clothes, worship double stars and seek wisdom.
As Valentine's Day, the mythical Chinese Valentine's Day should also be meaningful.
Eight. Mid-Autumn Festival
Mid-Autumn Festival has a long history. Like other traditional festivals, it develops slowly. The ancient emperors had a system of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and the moon in autumn. As early as in Zhou Li, the word "Mid-Autumn Festival" was recorded. Later, aristocratic scholars followed suit. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, people watch and worship the bright and round moon in the sky and place their feelings on it. This custom spread to the people and formed a traditional activity. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that people paid more attention to this Yue Bai custom. & gt