Chu time scale

1, Author: Zhuge Liang was a statesman and strategist in Shu and Han Dynasties. 2. Key notional words.

3. Translate key sentences:

(1) Before the first emperor started his business, the middle road collapsed. Today's profit is exhausted, which is a crucial autumn.

The great cause initiated by the first emperor did not give up halfway, but gave up halfway. Nowadays, the world is divided into three points, and my profit is exhausted and the people's livelihood is depressed. This is really a critical moment.

(2) In the palace, everything is an organic whole and should not be punished or denied. If there are criminals who are loyal and kind,

The courtiers in the palace and the officials in charge of the prime minister's office are a whole, and the merits and demerits of rewards and punishments should not be different whether in the palace or the court.

(3) The pro-sages were far away from the villains, so the pre-Han was so prosperous; Dear villain, far from being a good minister, Han has been depressed since then.

Being close to sages and alienating villains are the reasons for the prosperity of the former Han Dynasty. Being close to the villain and alienating the virtuous officials are the reasons for the decline of the later Han Dynasty.

These are loyal ministers, loyal and reliable, and can serve the country with death.

(5) Dressed in cloth, I joined Nanyang and risked my life in troubled times. I didn't ask Vinda to be a vassal. The first emperor had no interest in me, and it was wrong to be accused by him. He took care of me in the cottage, and I was moved by current events, so I promised the first emperor to drive me away.

I am a civilian. I worked as a farmer in Nanyang county. I just want to save my life in troubled times, and I don't want the princes to know about me, and I don't want them to get rich. The first emperor didn't mind my humble position, humble origin and wronged self-deprecation He visited me in the thatched cottage three times in a row and asked for my advice on current events. I was deeply moved and agreed to work for the first emperor.

When I was appointed to the defeated army, I had been in danger for twenty years.

I accepted the appointment when the war failed, and I was appointed when the crisis occurred.

The first emperor knew that I was cautious, so he sent me to be a minister in case of collapse.

The late emperor knew that I was cautious, so when he was dying, he entrusted the affairs of state to me.

The minister is loyal to your majesty because he reported to my late emperor. This is my duty to repay my late emperor and serve your majesty.

(9) May Your Majesty entrust me with the important task of bringing the thief back to life; If I can't, I will suffer my sin, so as to tell the heroic spirit of my late emperor.

I hope your majesty will entrust me with the task of cracking down on traitors and reviving the Han Dynasty. If it fails, you will convict me and tell me that the late emperor is in heaven.

(10) Don't sell yourself short, the quotation is meaningless: Don't sell yourself short at will, so as to block the way of suggestions!

4. Comprehensive recitation:

(1) Zhuge Liang advised Liu Chan to adhere to the same standard in rewarding and punishing palace officials and court officials: punishment and criticism are inappropriate;

(2) Zhuge Liang hoped that the late master would not look down on himself casually: it is inappropriate to belittle himself;

(3) Zhuge Liang put forward strict suggestions on rewards and punishments for the late master: if there is a crime and he is honest and kind, he should deal with the minister to discuss his punishment, (to show your majesty justice; Selfishness is not desirable, so there is a difference between inside and outside.

(4) There is a saying in Zhuge Liang's collected works:' Reward cannot be uneven, and punishment cannot be uneven'. This is consistent with the two sentences in the "Teacher's Watch", "Don't favor one over the other, so that the internal and external laws are different."

(5) The reason why Zhuge Liang followed the first emperor's drive was described in the Model: the first emperor didn't treat his ministers harshly, blamed and wronged himself, took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage, consulted them on worldly matters, and was grateful, so he promised to drive them.

(6) The sentence expressing the author's interest is: Born in troubled times, don't ask Wenda to be a vassal;

(7) The sentence that points out the strategic goal of starting a career is: the three armed forces will be rewarded, the north will set the Central Plains, the turbid waves will be exhausted, the traitors will be destroyed, the Han Dynasty will be revived, and the old capital will be returned;

(8) The author puts forward three suggestions to the late Lord: ① holding a holy meeting; (2) In the palace, everything is one, and it is not appropriate to be the same; 3 pro-sages, far villains. (Or: Speak freely, be strict with rewards and punishments, and be close to sages. )

(9) The most important piece of Zhuge Liang's advice to Liu Chan is: Be close to the sage, but far from the villain (or: be close to the sage and far from the villain).

(10) Milu became the head coach of the national team in the case of repeated defeats in the men's soccer World Cup in China. This is: "when you are defeated, you are ordered to be in danger."

(1 1) A sentence in Model explaining the political situation of Shu at that time is: Before the first emperor started his business, the middle road collapsed, and now Yizhou is exhausted, which is a critical autumn.

(12) The sentence that shows that the author has no intention of becoming famous is: Born in troubled times, don't ask Wen Da to be a vassal.

(13) Zhuge Liang wrote a sentence about Liu Bei's mentality when he plowed Nanyang before "visiting the thatched cottage" in "The Teacher's Example": He risked his life in troubled times and didn't ask Wen Da to be a vassal.

(14) The famous sentence that states that the author is in danger is. When he was appointed as the defeated army, he was ordered to be in danger;

(15) By comparison, the sentences that wrote down the reasons for the rise and fall of the Han Dynasty are: pro-sages, far villains, this prosperous time before the Han Dynasty; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since. (Fill in the blanks in Hebei Province in 2002)

(16) Zhuge Liang became a strategist and started a business with Liu Bei. He wrote in "Model": When he was appointed to the defeated army, he was ordered to keep up with the crisis.

(17) Zhuge Liang traced the story of Baidicheng's trusteeship in the Book of Teachers, and expounded the historical roots and ideological basis of this mentoring relationship: since his appointment, he has been worried about it all night, fearing that the entrustment would be invalid, thus hurting the understanding of the first emperor.

(18) The sentences with strict rewards and punishments are (palace in the palace) and (all are one,). Similar or different is not appropriate.

Another way of saying it is:

1, write the sentence of the author's life: When he was appointed to the defeated army, he was ordered to be in danger.

2. The sentence that explains the author's indifference to fame and fortune: I am dressed in cloth, studying in Nanyang, living in troubled times, and not asking for the weather in Wen Da.

3. Reasons for the demise of the later Han Dynasty: pro-villains, far-virtuous ministers, and the later Han Dynasty.

4. Zhuge Liang's three suggestions: be open-minded, reward and punish strictly, and be close to sages.

5. Zhuge Liang's political wish: China was originally in the north, but it was dull and intense, reviving the Han Dynasty and still in the old capital.

6. Zhuge Liang analyzed the world situation. Among them, the unfavorable objective condition is that the first emperor did not start a business halfway, but collapsed halfway. Today he scored three points, and Yizhou was exhausted. This is really an urgent autumn.

7. Zhu Xunliang analyzed the world situation. Among them, the favorable subjective conditions are: the minister of the guard is tireless at home, and the loyal minister is forgotten.

The sentence that expresses the author's feelings for Liu and his son is: I am loyal to your majesty because of this.

9. The sentence of "three visits to the thatched cottage" is briefly as follows: the first emperor did not treat his ministers with contempt, but accused himself of being wronged; He visited the ministers in the thatched cottage and discussed current affairs with them.

10, what exactly does the "major event" in the seventh paragraph mean? In the words of the article, I replied like this: "The north is the Central Plains, and the people are dull and busy, reviving the Han Dynasty and returning to their old capital."

1 1. What emotion does this article mainly express? It contains the author's gratitude to the late emperor and expresses his loyalty to Liu Bei and his son.

12, (1) Zhuge Liang is the embodiment of wisdom. If he is planning and conducting, please write two examples with phrases in combination with the story in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

(2) In the history of China, there are many civil servants and military commanders who are loyal to the country like Zhuge Ke. Please list two famous people in Chinese or history textbooks and write their famous sayings or deeds.

For example, Battle of Red Cliffs set fire to Wang Bo, set fire to Xinye, and captured Meng Huo. Example: Huo Qubing's "Xiongnu is not extinct, homeless"; Ma Yuan Margo wrapped his body; Yue Fei is "hungry for pork, laughing at the blood of Huns" and "waiting for the beginning, cleaning up the old mountains and rivers"; Wen Tianxiang "Who has never died in life since ancient times, and the heart of keeping Dan is a history book"; Lu You's Thinking about Defending the Country; Lin Zexu destroyed opium in Humen; Deng Shichang died heroically in the Sino-Japanese War.

Chen She Family-Historical Records (Sima Qian)

First, translate the sentence:

1. When Chen She was a child, he tried to farm with a servant. On the ridge where he gave up farming, he was disappointed for a long time.

When Chen She was young, he was employed to farm with others. On one occasion, he stopped farming and went to the highland by the field, and was disappointed for a long time.

2, hehe! Swallows know the ambition of swans! (alas! How did the sparrow know the ambition of the swan? )

If you die today, you will die, too. Waiting to die, can you die? (Now running away is death, uprising is death, and death is also death, for national affairs, ok? )

4, the world bitter Ku Jin yi. People all over the world have suffered from the long-term suffering of Qin rule.

5. Fu Su remonstrated with mathematics to make foreign soldiers. Because of Fu's repeated remonstrance, the emperor sent troops abroad.

6. Today, I sincerely call myself Fu Su and Xiang Yan, grandchildren, singing for the world, so I should respond more. Now, if we pretend that our people are subordinates of Fu Su and Xiang Yan, and preach to the whole world, there should be many people responding.

7. This taught me to be the first person to impress others. This just teaches us to be the first person to impress others.

8. Dan Ri, a common language of strokes, refers to Chen Sheng. The next day, a defensive blow was said everywhere, and everyone was pointing at Bobby Chen.

9. Do not chop the first order and stick to it 167. Even if we can only avoid execution, there must be six or seven people out of ten who died guarding the border.

10 and a strong man will die, and when he dies, he will be famous, and the princes will have descendants! Besides, if a gentleman dies, he will make a big name for himself. Will princes be born expensive?

1 1, a few days later, the order called for three seniors, heroes and all accountants. A few days later, (Chen Sheng) ordered people and heroes to get together and discuss important things.

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the answer to the question

1, which famous book is this article selected from? Who is the author? Historical records; Sima Qian

2. What was the direct and fundamental cause of the Chen She Uprising? It will rain heavily, the road will be blocked, and the temperature has already been lost. If the period is lost, the law will be cut; Ku Jin's world is painful.

3. What is Chen She's preparation for these two aspects of public opinion? Dan Shu fish belly; Plan a rebellion or uprising

4. What kind of person is Chen She? Have lofty ideals and ambitions, excellent organizational and leadership skills, and superhuman talent and courage.

5. What is the sentence that can reflect Chen She's great ambition when he was young? How can sparrows know the wishes of swans?

6. What is Chen She's famous saying about his great resentment towards the ruling class and his great ambition to mobilize the masses? Princes will have seed!

Fourth, analysis:

Analyze the first paragraph

1. Since this is about Chen She, why do you mention Guangwu's native place and the people at the dinner table at the beginning?

Guangwu played an important role in the uprising. This passage describes Chen Sheng's great ambition when he was young, which laid the groundwork for the future uprising.

The first paragraph is divided into several layers. After marking "||", summarize the meaning and sort out the clues.

Layer meaning: When I was young (the ambition of the red magpie)-after serving (planning an uprising)-after making a big plan (according to Chen, I am the king).

Clue: Grasping the activities of Bobby Chen and Guangwu runs through the whole paper.

4. Why was Guangwu listed at the beginning?

It highlights that Chen Sheng is the central figure of this article, and also implies the special position of Guangwu in the uprising. From this point of view, the beginning of this paper describes the process of Chen and Wu conspiring in the uprising, and describes in detail their role in planning the uprising and establishing the Zhang Chu regime.

5. Has the author written anything about Chen She since he was born?

The author writes about Bobby Chen's juvenile life, which is to distinguish between primary and secondary, and to highlight the key points.

The author chooses two typical examples, namely "Chen She teenager" and "plowing with servants", and reveals Chen She's character when he was young through the details of "on the abandoned ridge" and the description of characters' dialogue, demeanor and psychological activities.

6. What is the purpose of this writing? Where is it mainly reflected?

This is to introduce his boyhood ambition, which is reflected in the dialogue between Chen She and his partner. "Getting rich and forgetting everything" shows that he is unwilling to be poor and has a strong desire to change reality. "Swallows know the ambition of red pigeons!" Show its lofty ideals.

Thirdly, analyze the second paragraph of the text.

2. Fill in the blanks.

(1) The fuse of the uprising was _. In case it rains on the way to Yuyang, everyone will be beheaded. )

(2) Chen Sheng believes that the uprising will win the support of the people for the following reasons: ① _ ② _ (① Qin Ershi killed Prince Fu Su, which caused people's dissatisfaction; (2) Chu people miss Chu Xiangyan and have a strong desire to restore the country)

(3) public opinion preparation for the uprising: ① _ ② _ (① set up books and fish bellies; (2) Yellow Firefox)

(4) The slogan of the uprising is: _ _ (claiming to be Fu Su and Xiang Yan).

3. What are the reasons for the peasant uprising?

The direct causes of the peasant uprising are: (1) heavy military service, and the sentence "Fage stayed in Yuyang for 900 people" shows the importance of shaking service;

(2) The criminal law is cruel, and "when time fails, the law will be cut", which shows that the laws of the Qin Dynasty are cruel, thus indicating that the uprising was forced. The fundamental reason is that the world has suffered from Qin for a long time.

4. What are the main strategies for Chen Sheng and Guangwu to plan the uprising?

(1) First, Fu Su, the son of a sage, can be used to arouse the people's resistance against Qin Ershi with the patriarchal concept, win the support of the people, and divide the internal forces of the rulers; (2) Xiang Yan, a famous soldier deeply loved by Chu people, launched an uprising in his name, which has appeal and can ignite people's revenge on Qin Chu. The two strategies reflect Bobby Chen's concern for the current situation and sophisticated wisdom.

5. What did Chen Sheng and Guangwu do for the uprising? What's the role?

Chen Sheng and Guangwu used "collecting books in the belly of a fish" and "singing foxes in a bonfire" to create public opinion that Chen Sheng wanted to be king, and their main function was to "intimidate the public".

6. What description method is used to describe the characters in this paragraph?

The characterization is mainly based on dialogue, and the revolutionary spirit and extraordinary talents of Bobby Chen and Guangwu are portrayed through language, action and appearance.

Fourthly, analyze the third paragraph of the text.

2. How many layers can this paragraph be divided into? How to divide it? What three aspects have you written? Please summarize it in one sentence.

The first floor ("Wu Guangsu's lover ... Guangwu is a Taishi") is the situation at the beginning of the uprising.

The second floor ("osawa Township …No. is Zhang Chu") witnessed the rapid development in the early days of the uprising and the founding of Chen Sheng.

The third layer ("At this time ... kill with retribution") summarizes the anti-Qin struggles in various counties. A killed two commanders, B made an alliance for the altar, and C triumphed. Generally speaking, it describes the process from the uprising to the establishment of Zhang Chu regime.

How many scenes are explained at the beginning of the third paragraph? What is the purpose of separation?

The beginning explains three scenes: killing two commanders together, gathering disciples to belong to them and forming an alliance for the altar. Killing two commanders together is to clear the way, saying that you want to die because you are broad. Therefore, the purpose is to provoke the captain to "answer leniently", "Guo Wei is rich in light" and "fruit" to show the success of the plan, and "Jianting" to describe the ferocity of the captain. The "Summoning Disciples" made a generous speech, and a few words were concise, well-founded, and to the point, which was very inspiring and infectious. Bobby Chen's courage and cleverness are shown again. After describing these two scenes, the article inserts a sentence about "following the will of the people", which shows that the uprising is exactly what the people want, while the description of "alliance offering altar" shows a simple and grand atmosphere.

The second half of this paragraph mainly describes the excellent situation after the uprising. What are the characteristics of the scene description of Bi Chen?

Use a series of figures such as "Hundred", "Thousand" and "Ten Thousand" to vividly show the excellent situation after the uprising. At this point, Bobby Chen's "ambition of the red magpie" became a reality.

5. Which words in the second half of the article reflect the victorious March of the insurgents?

Verbs such as "attack", "drop", "close" and "all drop" indicate that Chen Sheng and the uprising are sweeping and invincible, and the ending sentence further reflects the great influence of the uprising.

He is the leader of the uprising. What is the author's attitude towards this historical figure?

The author affirmed and praised Bobby Chen. Sima Qian compared Chen Sheng with general generals, which shows that his achievements are affirmative.

7. Looking at the whole text, what are the characteristics of the author in the arrangement of material details?

The preparation and launching process of the uprising are described in detail, and Chen Sheng's servant career, the uprising route and the establishment of peasant regime in his youth are briefly described, thus highlighting Chen Sheng's extraordinary talent.

Tang Drama Live up to its Mission —— Warring States Policy

First, sentence translation

1, the king plus welfare, with big and small, very good; Although, because of Mr., I am willing to keep it, dare to be easy! Thanks to the kindness of the king, it is good to exchange a large piece of land (in your country) for a small piece of land (in our country); Even so, I inherited this land from my former king, and I am willing to keep it all the time and exchange it without restriction.

It's not bad to treat you as an elder. I regard a Ling Junren as a loyal elder, so I don't consider him.

Today, I have ten times as much land. Please be lenient with you, be my enemy, and be lighter with me. Now I take ten times the land (in exchange for Anling) to expand his territory. However, An Lingjun and I disagree. Isn't this underestimating me?

4, although a thousand miles is not easy, is 500 miles straight? Even if you take a thousand mornings of land, you dare not change it. Is it only 500 miles away?

5, the anger of the cloth, but also bareheaded, with the head to grab the ear. When people get angry, they take off their hats, barefoot and bump their heads on the ground.

These three sons are all clothed people, and their anger has not been sent, so they only fall into heaven and will be with four ministers. These three people are the most courageous people among ordinary people. Before the anger in their hearts, God gave them a revelation. Add me, and there will be four people.

7. The scholar was angry, and two people were lying dead, bleeding five steps, and the world was white, and now it is also. If those who have the ability and courage (are forced) to be angry, two bodies (now) will fall, and the blood will flow in five steps, then everyone in the world will want Dai Xiao. The situation today is like this.

Second, the key issues

1, which work is this article selected from? Conspiracy in the warring States period

2. What kind of person is the King of Qin? Arrogant, insatiable, treacherous and cunning, strong outside and weak inside.

3. What kind of person is Tang Ju? Calm, not afraid of violence, courageous and resourceful, awesome, loving the motherland, not afraid of sacrifice.

4. What is the purpose of Zhuan Zhu's stabbing Liao Wang and other officials in Tang drama? There are two aspects: one is to exaggerate the seriousness of the "scholar's anger" put forward by himself, and the other is to warn the king of Qin to learn a lesson and not to act rashly and seek his own death.

5. What role does the change of Qin Wang's expression play in portraying the image of Tang Ju in the last paragraph of this article? It highlights Tang Ju's fearless wisdom, courage and heroism from the side.

6. At the end of the article, the king of Qin said that he "scratched his head" and "knelt down to thank him" and asked Tang Ju to "sit down" first. Did the king of Qin really give in? Why? This is the expedient measure of the king of Qin, which shows that he is treacherous and cunning. He invited Chen to "sit down" and talk about it. Don't give up annexation. What is said in the article is just a compliment to Tang Ju. Judging from the overwhelming military superiority of Qin at that time and the character of Qin Wang, Qin Wang would not stop there.

7. The full text uses dialogue to reflect the mental outlook of the characters. Compare the words of Tang Ju and An Lingjun, and see what are the similarities and differences. Both of them refused to exchange land with the state of Qin, but the difference was that An first complimented the king of Qin and then politely refused. Tang Ju refused directly and took a firm attitude. 8. Compare the languages of Tang Opera and Qin Wang. Tang Ju tit for tat, preemptive strike, small focus-assassination of the king of Qin. The king of Qin is a coward, threatening and threatening, focusing on attacking the country.

9. What kind of "scholar" image has the author created for Tang Ju, and what is his intention?

Image: Brave and knowledgeable, fearless of violence and brave in struggle.

Intention: Emphasizing the important role of "scholar" in a country can "help the poor" and make a country "turn the corner and survive".

10. Why didn't Tang Ju live up to her mission?

The king of Qin asked for five hundred miles of land in exchange for the fief of Anlingjun, in fact, he wanted to annex Anlingjun. It was irresistible at the time. Tang Ju was ordered to go to the embassy. With his wit and courage, he faced the cruel and cunning king of Qin. He was not afraid of violence, dared to fight and dare to fight, and was not bent by power. Finally, the king of Qin gave up the plan of Yi 'anling. Sui Tang defended the dignity of the country and accomplished its mission brilliantly.

1 1. According to your understanding of the text, briefly answer the following questions.

(1) The "Yi" of Qin Wang and An Lingjun is not true. Why? The king of Qin didn't really change his mind, but deliberately annexed him. A. "The Ambassador of the King of Qin is called An Ling Jun Yue" shows that the King of Qin despises An Ling Jun; B. "I want to be ... An Lingjun is my promise", which shows that Qin Wang's tone is tough and there is no room for discussion; C. Qin Wang did not say it, which shows the psychology of Qin Wang's fame and fortune.

(2) An Lingjun refused the unreasonable demands of the King of Qin, and actually saw through the real intentions of the King of Qin at a glance. Then why do you say that "the king plus interests, big and easy, the best is good"? Although Anlingjun knew nothing about the ambition of the king of Qin, he had to expose the deception of the king of Qin on the spot in order to gain room for manoeuvre in the situation that the enemy was strong and we were weak.

③ Talk about the role of the word "the king of Qin is unhappy" in the development of the story. "The displeasure of the King of Qin" caused the beginning of the story, which ran through the whole process of the incident and promoted the development of the plot.

(4) The King of Qin said, "What do you mean,' Qin wiped out Han and Wei, but you live in a land of fifty miles, and you are an elder, so it's not bad'?

The implication is that if I don't "put the monarch first" and "mistake" as "meaning", I will destroy you just like Han Wei.

⑤ The King of Qin said, "The wrath of the son of heaven ... travels a thousand miles", while Tang Ju said, "The two dead people ... today." What do they mean?

"The Wrath of the Son of Heaven" is the words of the king of Qin who was awed by Tang Ju, meaning to wage war and destroy Anling; "Wrath of Cloth" is the response of Tang Juren to the king of Qin, which means that if you want my land, I will kill you, and I will defend Anling at my own expense.