1956, Mao Zedong asked Khrushchev whether the Soviet Union could help China make nuclear weapons.
1On October 3, the leaders of China and the Soviet Union held a summit meeting. At the meeting, Mao Zedong proposed to Khrushchev, "We are interested in atomic bombs and nuclear weapons, and we want to discuss it with you today. I hope you can help us in this respect and let us make achievements. In short, we also want to engage in this industry. " ?
Khrushchev always spends a lot of money on atomic bombs, so as long as there is a Soviet nuclear umbrella. After a long storage time, nuclear weapons have to be deteriorated and eliminated, and production has to be put back into use. There is no need for China to use this as an excuse to prevaricate and disagree. ?
During the period of 1956, the international situation changed dramatically, and Poland and Hungary happened one after another. The two countries defected and stopped listening to Khrushchev's baton. At this time, Khrushchev was in urgent need of China's support, and changed his original attitude on the issue of cutting-edge technology to aid China. ?
After many negotiations between China and the Soviet Union, in June of 5438+0957 10, China and the Soviet Union signed a new defense technology agreement. The main content of this agreement is to assist China to develop an atomic bomb. The details are as follows:
The Soviet Union agreed to assist China in developing the atomic bomb, and the Soviet Union provided China with the teaching model and drawings of the atomic bomb. The Soviet Union agreed to provide China with some advanced weapons manufacturing technologies, including atomic bombs and missiles; The Soviet Union sent relevant experts to China to help with research and development. ?
However, the good times did not last long. The Soviet Union's agreement to assist China in developing an atomic bomb was only implemented for more than a year, and there was a big problem. The political differences between China and the Soviet Union further spread to the deterioration of state relations. In order to please the United States, Khrushchev wrote to the Central Committee of China on the eve of his visit to the United States in 1959, and changed his original promise. In his letter, he said that the Soviet Union is negotiating an agreement with the United States and Britain to ban nuclear weapons testing. In order to prevent the negotiation from being affected, which is not conducive to reaching an agreement, the Soviet government decided not to provide China with a teaching model of the atomic bomb for two years. Khrushchev preached the so-called spirit of Camp David after his return from Camp David in the United States. In July 1960, 16, the Soviet Union completely tore up the agreement, and the Soviet government officially sent a note to the China government and decided to withdraw all experts in China. Although he was detained by the China government for many times, Khrushchev was determined, bloated and determined at this time. 1On August 23rd, 960, more than 200 Soviet experts working in China's nuclear industry system were all evacuated to China, and all the important drawings and materials were taken away. What is particularly serious is that some of the nuclear power plants that the Soviet Union originally assisted China to build have been built in half, while others have not yet been fully built. The Soviet Union stopped providing China with the supporting equipment originally ordered. ?
Under the pressure of this grim situation, Mao Zedong sized up the situation and issued such a slogan: There is only one way, do it yourself and build an atomic bomb yourself. He also pointed out: if we are determined to engage in cutting-edge technology, Khrushchev will not give us cutting-edge technology, which is excellent. If so, it will be difficult to pay this account. ?
The broad masses of workers in the front line of the nuclear industry have withstood the pressure and made great efforts. They have overcome thousands of technical problems. Some technical problems, in particular, have been recognized and re-recognized under quite strange circumstances, and have achieved one result after another. ?
Self-improvement, constantly overcoming difficulties, completed the theoretical design of the first atomic bomb in March 1963; 165438+1On October 29th, the uranium factory produced the first batch of qualified products; 12 On February 24th, the experiment of neutron generation by synchronous focused detonation was successful. 1964 65438+1October 14, China produced the first batch of qualified enriched uranium, uranium-235; 1April 964, the first set of nuclear components for atomic bombs was processed; 1On June 6th, 964, a quasi-atomic bomb exploded in the research base (except for nuclear materials, everything else was used for the future atomic bomb explosion), and the ideal effect was achieved. It laid the foundation for the success of the next formal atomic bomb explosion. ?
19641June 16, China's first atomic bomb explosion test achieved brilliant results. At this point, Khrushchev, who strangled China's nuclear industry, was ousted by his companions. ?