Since the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Ningxia has been the military center of its northern border to resist the invasion of Mongolia. During Jiajing period, Chabai, a tribal leader of Mongolia, was unable to seek asylum by surrendering to the Ming Dynasty because of infighting with Mongolian nobles. In line with the general plan of controlling foreigners by barbarians, the Ming court appointed Cha Bai as the deputy commander of Ningxia and ordered Cha Bai to lead various ministries to enter Ningxia for defense. How do these grassland peoples know gratitude and loyalty? In the twenty years of Wanli, eight hundred instigated his son Pei Chengen and his son Pei Yun to rally the masses to launch a rebellion, and joined the Mongolian tribes in Hetao area to invade Daming, forcing Zhang Weizhong, the commander-in-chief of Ningxia at that time, to occupy the whole town of Ningxia and attack several cities in the Ming Dynasty eastward, which put the whole Shaanxi in danger. The Ming court quickly assembled military forces, appointed Li as the company commander of the crusade army, and led the troops to quell the chaos. Li, who led the army to Ningxia, first ordered Ma Gui to lead the army, defeated the Mongolian tribes in Hetao area, cut off the foreign aid of Ningxia rebels, and then surrounded Ningxia City with various Ming armies. Later, Li ordered the Ming army to dig the Yellow River levee to divert water to flood Ningxia City, and launched a general attack to recover the border town after the wall was washed away by water. Li accepted the surrender of the whole clan and other clans, but the disloyalty and capriciousness of the Tatars were always a hidden danger. Li didn't want to give these grassland aliens a second chance to rebel, and ordered the whole family to be extinct to avoid future troubles. The Ming dynasty was just established. Why did Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, order the slaughter of Mongols? The Ming dynasty was just established. Why did Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, order the slaughter of Mongols? This is the genius of Zhu Yuanzhang. This is obviously revenge, but it is actually Shu Wei's name.
In the peasant uprising in full swing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, many macho men emerged, and it was difficult to become a climate after they succeeded.
Zhu Yuanzhang was ambitious and well versed in keeping a low profile and strategy. He squatted under the puppet Wang Xiaoming, "building a wall to accumulate grain and slowly becoming king", which made Chen Youqiong, Zhang Shicheng and others catch shadows and attracted the suppression of the Yuan army, and the two sides killed each other. Zhu Yuanzhang took advantage of the fisherman to destroy Chen and Zhang.
Next, it's time to make a name for yourself as emperor. In Nanjing, Zhu Yuanzhang published "On the Northern Expedition of the Yuan Dynasty in Fengtian" as a prince of Wu, recounting the brutal crimes of the Mongols being enslaved by * *, and shouting the slogan of "expelling the Tatars, restoring China, consolidating the foundation and helping the people", because he was the orthodox "destiny" of China. The elimination of Mongols catered to the revenge psychology of ordinary people; As a result, a massacre of Mongols came into being. In the southern areas inhabited by Mongols, even the suspected Mongols were all killed in order to eliminate the influence of the 97-year rule of Yuan and Mongolia.
Later, the destruction of Yuan Dynasty and Mongolia became one of the national policies of Zhu Ming Dynasty. Judy spent her whole life in the Northern Expedition to eliminate the remnants of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, and died in the Mongolian grassland during her personal expedition. It was not until Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, who was ambitious and lacked talents, fell into the suppression of Mongolia because of the "change of the civil fort" that he was stopped.
How many Mongolians did Judy's Five Commandments kill? It seems that Qiu Fu lost 654.38 million. In the Ming Dynasty, Yongle collected Tatars from Mongolia five times: in the eighth year of Yongle, Wala in the twelfth year of Yongle, Tatars in the twentieth year of Yongle, Tatars in the twenty-first year of Yongle and Tatars in the twenty-second year of Yongle. The specific number of people killed in these five northern expeditions is unknown. The first two effects were remarkable, and the middle two won, but the effect was not obvious. No enemy was found last time.
The first time: in February of the eighth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (14 10), Cheng Zu mobilized 500,000 troops. On May 8, the Ming army went to the valley of Wokan River (now Krulun River, renamed as "Yinma River" by Chengzu) and found that Khan Tatar Benya was defeated in the west, and Prime Minister Arutai fled to the east. Chengzu led his soldiers to the west to pursue Benya, who lost his way. On May 13, the Ming army was defeated in Nanhe (located on the border of Mongolia and Russia today) and lost to Benya. After Chengzu defeated Benya, he marched eastward to Arutai, and the two sides fought in the northeast of Nanhe River on the Mongolian-Russian border. The Ming army killed countless enemies, and Arutai fled. At this time, the weather is hot, water resources are scarce and food and grass are not good. Chengzu ordered the division to move. Second time: In February of the 12th year of Yongle (14 14), the Ming army set out from Beijing. On the third day of June, the Ming army defeated a ranger of the Vara Department at the mouth of the Three Gorges (now southeast of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia), killing dozens of cavalry. On the seventh day, the Ming army went to Bulan and suddenly lost temperature (now southeast of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia). Thirty thousand Walla troops, relying on the mountain, are divided into three ways. Chengzu sent cavalry to attack and lure enemy soldiers away from the mountain. He ordered Liu Sheng to fire and bomb, and he personally led the soldiers into the enemy lines. Valla's army retreated, and Chengzu continued to pursue. The soldiers attacked the Walla army in several ways, killing thousands of enemies. In this campaign, Vala was hit hard and dared not violate the border for many years. Meanwhile, the Ming army suffered heavy casualties. Third time: In March of the 20th year of Yongle (1422), Cheng Zu led an army to attack Tatar from Beijing. When its main force reached Jiming Mountain in the southeast of Fu Xuan (now Xuanhua, Hebei), the Tatar leader Arutai learned that the Ming army was coming and fled Xinghe overnight to avoid the war. In July, the Ming army arrived at Shahuyuan, captured Tatar's men, and learned that Arutai had escaped, and Cheng Zu ordered to stop the pursuit. On the way back to Li, the Ming army defeated Wuliangha and returned to Beijing in September. The fourth time: In the 21st year of Yongle (1423), the Tatar leader Arutai led his troops to harass the Ming border again. When Chengzu heard about it, he decided to personally expedition again. The Ming army went to war in early August, and in early September, when the Ming army arrived in Shacheng (now north of Zhangbei, Hebei Province), Tito Moore, a subordinate of Arutai, led his troops to surrender to the Ming army, and learned that Arutai was defeated by Vala, and the troops had dispersed, and the Ming army was temporarily stationed; 10, the Ming army continued northward and defeated the army in the north of the Yellow River and west of Tatar. Prince Tatar also led his army to surrender to the Ming Dynasty, and Cheng Zu immediately appointed Tugan as the brave king. 1 1 month, the Ming army moved back to Beijing. Fifth time: In the 22nd year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1424), from January to July, the Ming army fought with the Mongolian Tatar. On June 17, I entered the south amur river in Dharam, and there was no sign of Arutai in the surrounding area for more than 300 miles. I ordered the transfer of troops. On July 18, Cheng Zu died in Yumuchuan (now northwest of Duolun, Inner Mongolia) on his way back to Beijing. At this point, the Mongolian power was temporarily weakened, and the Ming Dynasty was exhausted and unable to make a large-scale expedition. How many Mongols did the Ming emperor kill? At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang himself and Zhu Di, the prince of Yan, insisted on a large-scale policy of "killing * * *". However, they are very harsh on the division of the target of slaughter: 1. Mongols, this is bound to be killed. 2. Why are people in areas where Mongolians are relatively concentrated in Huanghuai Valley? Because Mongolia has had the right to have their first night for 80 years, some * * * brutally killed their eldest son, and some stayed. In order to ensure national purity, they had to kill all the suspected Mongols, so Jinnan, Luzhong, Lubei and Jinan at that time became no man's land, and later Shanxi people came. Saibei area is a policy of no one, that is to say, everyone is killed. In a city like Jining, 654.38+10,000 people were killed, leaving none.
In the process of driving Mongolia north, more than 10 million people were slaughtered, about half of whom were real Mongolians. Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and wiped out the Mongols. Did it contribute to the rise of Manchu in some sense? After all, the premise that the Mongolian Empire was once the top of the building is problematic. Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynasty, but he did not and could not destroy the Mongols. Where else are the Mongols now? The rise of Manchu was more than 200 years after the fall of Yuan Dynasty, which can't explain that the decline of Mongols made Manchu rise. Any nomadic people have the opportunity to become the most powerful people. For example, the Xiongnu in modu chanyu and the Jurchen in Akuta all grew up from small and weak nations.
The history of how many Mongols Zhu Yuanzhang killed was covered up and it is impossible to know.
Mongols killed countless people. Then how did Zhu Yuanzhang retaliate against the Mongols? Zhu Yuanzhang did not retaliate against the Mongols. For ordinary Mongolians in China, Emperor Mao made it clear that Mongolians and Semu people, for example, are not Chinese, but there are people in the same world who know the etiquette and are willing to be subjects, just like people raised in midsummer. (1367 "Yu Zhongyuan Ba") This shows that the Ming Dynasty was willing to treat Mongols as subjects.
Of course, the Ming Dynasty was not without discrimination against Mongols. The Daming Law stipulates that Mongolians must marry "China people", but not within their own nation. This is, of course, a discriminatory law of a racial group. However, the actual implementation of this article in the Ming Dynasty is very doubtful. For Confucian Mongols, Mao said, "Mongols and Semu people live on our land and are my sons." Talented and capable people can be used as one. "
Mongolian scholars' answer to Lu and power is a matter for the Lianfang Department of North Henan in Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming dynasty, they were recommended as Jishan of the Qin government, responsible for tutoring the second son of Taizu, Qin Wang. It can be seen that although Mao had certain national feelings, he dared to use Mongolian talents who were willing to be officials in the Ming Dynasty.
In a word, Emperor Mao did not carry out any revenge policy against the Mongols. He treats Mongolians differently, but the starting point of his policy is to turn Mongolians, like * * *, into obedient subjects of the Ming Dynasty.
Finally, in order to ease the rebellious mentality of Mongolians and Semu people, it is stated that as long as they are polite and join the cultural system of China, they will be recognized as citizens of China and treated like the people of China.
The year before last, the battle of Zhang Shicheng only kicked off the Red Army passively, calling Yuan * * * empty. At this time, the slogan of the national revolution and the platform for maintaining traditional culture were clearly, concretely and actively put forward. This is another victory for Bird shogunate Confucian scholars and another transformation for Zhu Yuanzhang.
The effect of this propaganda proclamation reassured the northern Confucian scholars, because they were no longer the targets of destruction. Farmers in the north also understand that Wu Jun is here to restore order and settle down. Officials are not afraid, as long as they surrender, they can be saved. Mongolia and semu people are not as hard as before, because it is said that as long as they are willing to be subjects, they can be protected.
Everyone was moved by the propaganda except the Mongolian emperor and nobles. The number of people who surrender, lay down their weapons and even turn their guns to kill * * * is increasing day by day. As a result, the Northern Expeditionary Army was able to March smoothly, recover the land occupied for 430 years in a very short time, pacify the northwest and unify the whole country.