What did volunteers eat at that time?
At first, we only ate fried noodles. Soldiers often put a handful of fried noodles with ice and snow in their mouths. Because cooking in a pot will produce smoke and be easily fried, eating fried noodles has become a food that soldiers have to supplement their physical strength.
The appearance of fried noodles
Our army entered the Korean War in the winter of 1950. At that time, the volunteers faced not only well-equipped American troops, but also extremely low temperatures. In order to win, volunteers can only resist this extremely cold weather with strong will.
Of course, besides military supplies, the best way to resist the cold is to have food that produces a lot of heat. However, in order to fight quickly, the volunteers themselves carried little food and materials were not delivered so quickly. In addition, without air superiority, they will not cook in a pot to avoid exposing their targets. Therefore, in order to develop a portable and edible food, it became something that the military department needed to consider at that time.
Finally, 70% wheat, 30% soybean, corn or sorghum are fried and mixed in the Northeast Military Region, and then salt is added to make fried noodles.
This kind of fried noodles is easy to store, transport and eat, and it is welcomed by soldiers after being transported to the front. Boss Peng was also very satisfied after seeing the samples, and asked to provide one-third of the fried noodles in the rations prepared for volunteers.
Quan Min fried noodles
But at that time, the volunteers needed 6.5438+0.482 million Jin of fried noodles every month. At that time, the northeast could not meet the demand, and they could only provide 6.5438+million Jin of fried noodles, which was a big gap. When Premier Zhou heard about it, he asked other regions to provide the remaining gap, so every family in Northeast China and other regions set off a wave of fried noodles. Even Premier Zhou fried noodles with other cadres in his spare time.
Merit of fried noodles
Since the fried noodles entered the first line, soldiers no longer have to expose their targets because of one pot of cooking. With fried noodles, soldiers carry a fried noodles pocket with them when they fight. When they are hungry, they grab a handful of fried noodles and put them in their mouths. Just grab two snows and you can keep fighting on the ground. Because fried noodles greatly solved the problem of soldiers' rations, many soldiers shouted the slogan of "making contributions to fried noodles"
From the winter of 1950 to June of 195 1, more than 30,000 tons of fried noodles were delivered to the frontline soldiers in China, which basically met the minimum survival of soldiers.
Grain crushing difficulty
Although the volunteers have fried noodles, they can eat them if they want. Because the enemy bombed the supply lines and warehouses of the volunteers crazily, the supply of the volunteers became a big problem.
Although the rear is continuously transported to the front, 40% of the materials will be destroyed during transportation, and less than 60% of the remaining materials will be transported to the front.
Therefore, many troops can't have a hot meal every day, because the dry food they carry with them must be brought to the front. In order to maintain physical strength in the front line, the soldiers dare not eat easily, so they can only dig a little wild vegetables and add four or two meters to ensure food for one day. Many soldiers unfortunately got enteritis and dysentery and lost their fighting capacity.
What was the replenishment standard at that time?
The front-line troops each have a kilo a day, and the corps organs have eight taels a day (actually, it is half a kilo). Even so, it is difficult to meet the standards when there is time.
Therefore, the frontline troops are inevitably caught in a food shortage crisis. Some soldiers have no food and can only eat a local plant called "tractor grass" to cook. After eating, some soldiers had nosebleeds, and soldiers who didn't even have grass fainted because of extreme hunger and even died on the ground.
(April 8 195 1, due to enemy bombing, 84 train materials were burned in our reservoir area, including 2.87 million Jin of grain, 330,000 Jin of grain and oil, 408,000 sets of clothes, 280,000 pairs of shoes and a lot of other materials).
At that time, American planes flew in the sky every day. In order to avoid exposing the target, the frontline troops strictly control the use of fire. Without fire, there is naturally no hot rice and no hot water. Sometimes, when they didn't even eat fried noodles, the soldiers could only eat frozen potatoes to satisfy their hunger.
At that time, soldiers would carry dry food bags. Because of the supply conditions of the volunteers, the soldiers need to carry all kinds of supplies and ammunition by themselves, but no matter how much one person carries, it will be enough for seven days at most. Therefore, after a week of support, the attack of the volunteers will stop. This scene was called "worship offensive" by the US military.
What were the volunteer soldiers like at that time?
Everyone will carry a dry food bag, which contains five or six kilograms of sorghum rice, but they are basically eaten on the battlefield. When they get supplies later, they will put some potatoes and fried noodles, but in the weather of MINUS 30 or 40 degrees, the potatoes will freeze into "hard stones" and cannot be chewed, but the frozen potatoes are bitter and hard. Even so, they didn't eat the next meal.
Soldiers prefer fried noodles to frozen potatoes, but they also eat and drink fried noodles, otherwise they will easily choke and swallow.
In fact, shortly after liberation, our army began to study field food. The compressed dry food produced for the first time is made of cooked flour, cooked bean flour, peanuts, egg yolk powder, dried jujube powder, carrot powder, sugar, salt and vegetable oil. Mechanically compressed into pieces, the first batch of volunteer soldiers were put into use.
From the second half of 195 1, volunteers began to use compressed dry food other than fried noodles, but in the first half of 1952, compressed dry food basically replaced fried noodles, but compressed dry food was harder. At that time, many young soldiers lost their teeth because of lack of nutrition, but nutrition would be much better than simple fried noodles.
However, the nutrition of frontline soldiers is still not enough. Many soldiers suffer from night blindness. When Chairman Mao heard about it, he said to give an egg to the soldiers at the front every day. However, although there are eggs, it is very difficult to transport them to the front. Long-distance transportation does not count, it will be bombed by the enemy, and few of them will be transported to the front.
But we still have to solve the problem of soldiers' night blindness, so logistics began to transport peanuts, soybeans, egg powder, vegetables and animal livers to solve the problem of soldiers' night blindness. At the same time, the local people got an indigenous method to treat night blindness, that is, cooking pine needle soup and eating tadpoles raw. Through the improvement of local methods and logistics, soldiers' night blindness has been treated well.
After the fifth campaign, the war entered positional warfare. Compared with the previous mobile warfare, the food of volunteer soldiers in positional warfare was greatly improved.
After the front line was basically stable, in order to ensure that the soldiers could have hot meals, the front line troops changed the previous practice of delivering meals from tunnels, and asked the cooking squad to build a kitchen at the Kang crossing, and then dispersed the cooking to ensure that the soldiers could have hot meals.
However, the rear troops can have hot meals, but the front troops still can't make a fire. In addition to the hot meals provided by the cooks in the evening, you can eat dry food at other times.
When it is a little richer, you can also pack jiaozi in the tunnel to improve the food and let the soldiers feel the taste of their hometown.
Of course, in addition to the above situation, some qualified troops will also plant some vegetables in the tunnel. For example, the seeds shipped from China planted shallots, cabbages and vegetables in the tunnels, which solved the problem that soldiers could not eat vegetables. Even the cooks of the 39 th Army planted bean sprouts in the tunnel and ground a small amount of soybean milk.
Compared with the US military, the materials of volunteer soldiers are incomparable. The US military can still eat turkey and vomit at Thanksgiving and Christmas lunches.
Although fighting is logistics, morale is always the most important. Volunteer soldiers are not afraid of hardship and fatigue, even if they are fully armed. They are still down, because they have a patriotic heart, and they are the most lovely people.