The teaching goal of "reform and opening up" teaching plan for the eighth grade history of People's Education Press.
Knowledge target 1. Household contract responsibility system; The establishment of special economic zones such as Shenzhen; The formation of the pattern of opening to the outside world
2. Major decisions of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee; Township enterprises have developed rapidly; reform of state-owned enterprises
capability goal
Emotional goal 1. The fact that great changes have taken place in China's urban and rural areas since the reform and opening up proves that this is the only way for national rejuvenation. People with lofty ideals should learn their skills well and complete the great cause of national rejuvenation along this road.
2. At present, China's multi-ownership economic system with public ownership as the main body has absorbed the fruits of the diversity of human social and historical development, which is in line with the reality at home and abroad. Young students must have an international awareness of facing the world and the future in order to shoulder the heavy responsibility of realizing great ideals.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Teaching emphasis: the reform of urban and rural economic system and the establishment of special economic zones such as Shenzhen.
Difficulties in teaching: relations of production must meet the basic principles of meeting the needs of productivity development; The role and influence of special economic zones in socialist modernization.
teaching tool
Multimedia tools
teaching process
Introduce a new course
Organize students to review related contents:
1 When was the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee held? ( 1978)
What important decisions did the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee make?
(1) Ideologically: totally negative? Two whatevers? Re-establish the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts; B. politically: stop using it? Taking class struggle as the key link? Slogan, make a great decision to shift the focus of the party and the state to economic construction and implement reform and opening up; (3) Organizationally, the collective leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Deng Xiaoping at the core has actually taken shape. )
The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee is a great turning point with far-reaching significance in the history of the Party since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Confusing the party's ideological, political and organizational lines is the beginning of reform and opening up. Since then, the history of China has entered a new era of socialist modernization, with rapid development and brilliant achievements. (First, arrange students to read the full text and make reading marks; Then explore, communicate, discuss and practice)
Organize students to study and explore new courses.
household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output
1 rural areas on the eve of reform? People's commune? What are the disadvantages of this system? (Politics and society are integrated, eating the same pot, farmers lack autonomy in production, and their enthusiasm for production is not high. )
How can the Party and the people solve this problem?
(1) The spontaneous action of the masses: farmers in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang, Anhui Province first divide their fields into households and assume responsibility for their own profits and losses. B. Then there is the active guidance of the CPC Central Committee: affirming the practice of the masses to establish the production responsibility system and gradually implementing the household contract responsibility system. Then, with the specialization, commercialization and socialization of agricultural production, it has rapidly developed rural township enterprises and opened up a new road for rural prosperity and modernization. )
The teacher pointed out: rural economic reform, based on the principle of proceeding from reality, sums up farmers' creation in time, guides the situation and promotes it, which is a successful example of the party guiding social reform. At that time, with the success of internal reform, the pattern of opening to the outside world gradually took shape.
Establish a special economic zone like Shenzhen.
(1) Establish five coastal economic open zones, namely Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen, and then add Hainan. B 14 Open coastal cities: Beihai, Zhanjiang, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Wenzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai, Nantong, Lianyungang, Qingdao, Yantai, Dalian, Tianjin and Qinhuangdao. C. Four major economic open areas: Pearl River Delta, Xiamen Triangle, Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Rim D. Mainland? A batch? Some open cities have also been set up in border provinces. )
2 organize students? Solitaire Practice: What is the order of China's all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging opening up? (Special economic zones? Open coastal cities? Coastal economic open zone? Inland. )
3 Organize students to analyze and compare: What is the difference between the opening up in the new period and the opening up in the early modern period?
(a) Different background: being in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in early modern times; At present, China is in a new period of socialist modernization.
B. The exercise of sovereignty by the state is different: the reactionary government in early modern times complained a lot, and the state owner could not be immune; The current people's government completely controls national sovereignty and has won independence.
C. Different contents: Opening to the outside world in early modern times was actually forced by the great powers. Although it contains the content of self-help and self-improvement, it is more important to facilitate the foreign powers to enter and control the China market. At present, opening to the outside world follows the principle of equality and mutual benefit, expanding foreign trade, attracting foreign investment, introducing advanced technology, equipment and management methods, and accelerating the development of China's socialist economy.
D. Different influences: China's opening to the outside world in early modern times made its economic state abnormal, and it could only be attached to the great powers. Not only did it not change the backward appearance of China, but it triggered a series of political problems, which kept China in humiliation. Now the opening up to the outside world has formed an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging feature. Where is China's socialist modernization? Take off? State, has made many countries in the world sit up and take notice of brilliant achievements. )
Teachers explain the transition: With the success of rural reform and the gradual formation of the pattern of opening to the outside world, urban reform is also fully launched in 1985, with the focus on the reform of state-owned enterprises.
reform of state-owned enterprises
1 What are the three aspects of reforming state-owned enterprises?
(1) developing the original single public ownership economy into a diversified ownership economy with public ownership as the main body; B. Gradually expand the autonomy of enterprises in production and operation, and implement the separation of government from enterprises and the responsibility system for operation; C. realize the system of coexistence of various forms of distribution based on distribution according to work. )
How to accelerate the reform of state-owned enterprises after 2 1992? The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the establishment of a socialist market economic system, in which large and medium-sized enterprises implement corporate system and joint-stock system, and small enterprises adopt various forms such as reorganization and alliance. )
Summary after class
After learning this lesson, we should understand that China's current multi-ownership economic system, with public ownership as the main body, has absorbed the fruits of the diversity of human social and historical development, which is in line with the actual situation in China and the development trend in the world. Therefore, everyone should consciously form an international consciousness facing the world and the future. Only when they grow up can they shoulder the historical responsibility of realizing the great rejuvenation of the nation.
homework
? Activities and inquiries? 2? , organize students first? Talk about it? . Reminder: the students in the illustration have already mentioned the transformation of production and management rights and the change of distribution form, as well as the change of management system? Avoid? Command blindly? And technological progress? Avoid? Exaggeration? And other factors. )
Teaching objectives of teaching design of reform and opening up
1. household contract responsibility system; The establishment of special economic zones such as Shenzhen; The formation of an open pattern. Major decisions of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee; Township enterprises have developed rapidly; reform of state-owned enterprises
Understanding this principle with the theory of historical belt
2. Understand the farmers' support for the household contract responsibility system and the changes in the rural landscape, and understand the basic principle that the relations of production should meet the needs of the development of productive forces.
Analysis and judgment characteristics of map recognition
Use the map of the area open to the outside world in the textbook to understand and master? Special economic zones? Open coastal cities? Coastal economic open zone? Mainland? Characteristics of the pattern of opening to the outside world
The evaluation policy shows that the reform and opening-up policy is completely correct through the construction performance of the economic open zone.
Sense of responsibility for national rejuvenation
Great changes have taken place in urban and rural areas of China since the reform and opening up, which proves that this is the only way for national rejuvenation. People with lofty ideals should learn their skills well and complete the great cause of national rejuvenation along this road.
Historical Materialism China's current multi-ownership economic system, with public ownership as the main body, has absorbed the fruits of the diversity of human social and historical development and conforms to the actual situation at home and abroad. Young students must have an international awareness of facing the world and the future in order to shoulder the heavy responsibility of realizing great ideals.
3. Investigate and understand the reform achievements of state-owned enterprises and changes in family life, feel the benefits brought by market economy, cultivate teamwork spirit, and improve the ability to withstand setbacks and adapt to environmental changes.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Teaching emphasis: the reform of urban and rural economic system and the establishment of special economic zones such as Shenzhen.
Difficulties in teaching: relations of production must meet the basic principles of meeting the needs of productivity development; The role and influence of special economic zones in socialist modernization.
teaching tool
electronic whiteboard
teaching process
Introduce a new course
Organize students to review related contents:
1 When was the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee held? ( 1978)
What important decisions did the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee make?
(1) Ideologically: totally negative? Two whatevers? Re-establish the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts; B. politically: stop using it? Taking class struggle as the key link? Slogan, make a great decision to shift the focus of the party and the state to economic construction and implement reform and opening up; (3) Organizationally, the collective leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Deng Xiaoping at the core has actually taken shape. )
The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee is a great turning point with far-reaching significance in the history of the Party since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Confusing the party's ideological, political and organizational lines is the beginning of reform and opening up. Since then, the history of China has entered a new era of socialist modernization, with rapid development and brilliant achievements. (Arrange students to read the full text first and make reading marks; Then explore, communicate, discuss and practice)
Organize students to study and explore new courses.
household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output
1, the countryside on the eve of reform? People's commune? What are the disadvantages of this system? (Politics and society are integrated, eating the same pot, farmers lack autonomy in production, and their enthusiasm for production is not high. )
2. How can the Party and the people solve this problem?
(1) The spontaneous action of the masses: farmers in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang, Anhui Province first divide their fields into households and assume responsibility for their own profits and losses. B. Then there is the active guidance of the CPC Central Committee: affirming the practice of the masses to establish the production responsibility system and gradually implementing the household contract responsibility system. Then, with the specialization, commercialization and socialization of agricultural production, it has rapidly developed rural township enterprises and opened up a new road for rural prosperity and modernization. )
The teacher pointed out: rural economic reform, based on the principle of proceeding from reality, sums up farmers' creation in time, guides the situation and promotes it, which is a successful example of the party guiding social reform. At that time, with the success of internal reform, the pattern of opening to the outside world gradually took shape.
The establishment of a special economic zone like Shenzhen
1, according to the historical atlas 12? For the requirements of question 3 on page 13, circle the relevant place names on page 44 of the textbook first, and then complete the drawing exercise:
(1) Establish five coastal economic open zones, namely Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen, and then add Hainan. B 14 Open coastal cities: Beihai, Zhanjiang, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Wenzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai, Nantong, Lianyungang, Qingdao, Yantai, Dalian, Tianjin and Qinhuangdao. C. Four major economic open areas: Pearl River Delta, Xiamen Triangle, Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Rim D. Mainland? A batch? Some open cities have also been set up in border provinces. )
2. Organize students? Solitaire Practice: What is the order of China's all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging opening up? (Special economic zones? Open coastal cities? Coastal economic open zone? Inland. )
The teacher explained and guided the students to complete the third (3) question on page 3 of the Atlas of History/KLOC-0: China's opening to the outside world has expanded its foreign trade, absorbed a large amount of foreign capital, and introduced advanced technology, equipment and management methods from developed countries, which has effectively accelerated the process of socialist modernization.
3. According to the question 3(4) on page 13 of Historical Atlas, organize students to analyze and compare: What is the difference between the opening up in the new period and the opening up in the early modern period?
(a) Different background: being in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in early modern times; At present, China is in a new period of socialist modernization.
B. The exercise of sovereignty by the state is different: the reactionary government in early modern times complained bitterly, and the state owner could not be immune; The current people's government completely controls national sovereignty and has won independence.
C. Different contents: Opening to the outside world in early modern times was actually forced by the great powers. Although it contains the content of self-help and self-improvement, it is more important to facilitate the foreign powers to enter and control the China market. At present, opening to the outside world follows the principle of equality and mutual benefit, expanding foreign trade, attracting foreign investment, introducing advanced technology, equipment and management methods, and accelerating the development of China's socialist economy.
D. Different influences: China's opening to the outside world in early modern times made its economic state abnormal, and it could only be attached to the great powers. Not only did it not change the backward appearance of China, but it triggered a series of political problems, which kept China in humiliation. Now the opening up to the outside world has formed an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging feature. Where is China's socialist modernization? Take off? State, has made many countries in the world sit up and take notice of brilliant achievements. )
Teachers explain the transition: With the success of rural reform and the gradual formation of the pattern of opening to the outside world, urban reform is also fully launched in 1985, with the focus on the reform of state-owned enterprises. .
reform of state-owned enterprises
1, from which three aspects to reform state-owned enterprises?
(1) developing the original single public ownership economy into a diversified ownership economy with public ownership as the main body; B. Gradually expand the autonomy of enterprises in production and operation, and implement the separation of government from enterprises and the responsibility system for operation; C. realize the system of coexistence of various forms of distribution based on distribution according to work. )
2. How to accelerate the reform of state-owned enterprises after1992? The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the establishment of a socialist market economic system, in which large and medium-sized enterprises implement corporate system and joint-stock system, and small enterprises adopt various forms such as reorganization and alliance. )
Summary after class
After learning this lesson, we should understand that China's current multi-ownership economic system, with public ownership as the main body, has absorbed the fruits of the diversity of human social and historical development, which is in line with the actual situation in China and the development trend in the world. Therefore, everyone should consciously form an international consciousness facing the world and the future. Only when they grow up can they shoulder the historical responsibility of realizing the great rejuvenation of the nation.
homework
First, multiple-choice questions:
1, 1970s, first? Divide the fields into households and be responsible for their own profits and losses? Where are the farmers?
A. Feixi, Anhui B. Fengyang, Anhui C. Cangzhou, Hebei D. GUANLING, Guizhou
2, before the rural reform, farmers' enthusiasm for production is not high, the following analysis of the reasons for this statement, you think it is inaccurate.
A. the rural people's commune eats the same pot. Farmers lack autonomy in production.
C. farmers work for a year, but their income is not much. D. farmers' cultural and ideological quality is low.
3. 1980, the special economic zone established by China in Fujian is
A. Shenzhen b Zhuhai c Shantou d Xiamen
4, in the reform and opening up, known as? A city that rose overnight? Yes
A. Shanghai b Shenzhen c Zhuhai d Xiamen
5. What is the largest special economic zone in China?
A. Guangdong B. Shenzhen C. Hainan D. Pudong
6, focusing on the reform of state-owned enterprises, and comprehensively promoting urban reform.
In 2000
7. 1992 At which meeting of the Party proposed to establish a socialist market economic system, the reform of state-owned enterprises was accelerated.
A. Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee B. Twelfth Congress C. Thirteenth Congress D. Fourteenth Congress
8, the basic direction of the reform of state-owned enterprises in China is
A. Establish a modern enterprise system B. Establish a labor security system
C. Establishing a social security system D. Eliminating unemployment
Second, the material description:
Material 1:1one night in February, 1978, 20 members of Xiaogang village production team of Liyuan commune in Fengyang county, except for two families who were still begging in Jiangxi and no one at home, representatives of 18 families gathered in a room in the village for a secret meeting, and the members unanimously passed the decision to divide the fields into households. If they succeed, they should report truthfully to the party at any time. In case there is any trouble. If the cadres are imprisoned for this, each family should take turns to send prison meals. If beheaded, each family is also responsible for raising their children to 18 years old. Finally, Yan Hongchang wrote down the contract of life and death on a piece of paper.
18 The householders signed their names and pressed their bright red handprints. A few days later, the land was quietly divided up. Although it is still winter, all families, old and young, are busy on their own land, which Xiaogang Village has never had in 20 years. The earth has completely changed. Xiaogang people are born with the instinct to survive. Unconscious? Under the original contract? Big contract? Results In the first year, the total grain output of the whole village had reached the sum of the previous 15 years, and the per capita income was 20 times that of the previous year. Since the cooperation, they sold grain, cotton and oil to the country for the first time, and paid off the loan relief for 20 years.
Material 2: Fengyang County takes three steps in agricultural production in three years;
1980 The grain output was 502 million kilograms.
198 1 The annual grain output was 670 million kilograms.
1982 produced 7150,000 kilograms of grain.
After reading the above information, please think:
(1) Why should the villagers in Xiaogang Village be established? Life and death contract?
② The practice of Xiaogang Village has been affirmed by the central authorities. Subsequently, under the guidance of the central government, the rural areas gradually implemented the household contract responsibility system. Why do you think the household contract responsibility system can arouse farmers' enthusiasm for production?
Third, give it a try:
1, please ask your elders to know their personal experience of rural changes before and after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee.
2. Suggestions: As a reformer, you collect information about the reform and opening up in rural areas or cities around you and make suggestions on what you think can be further reformed and opened up.