After the three-level examination, the students admitted to stay in the county are called county students, and the scholars transferred to the government are called government students. In addition, the highest institution of learning in the Qing Dynasty was called imperial academy. Students in imperial academy fall into two categories: Gong Sheng and blade master. Both Gong Sheng and Guo Jian should be imprisoned, and officials in imperial academy should be assessed regularly. After having obtained the provincial examination every year, Hezi, who had dropped out of school in imperial academy, can take the provincial examination after passing the examination in imperial academy. Students from various governments and prefectures take the exams sponsored by the government. Anyone who ranks in the top ten of the first, second and third major provinces and the top five of small and medium-sized provinces is eligible to take the provincial examination. Other third-class students or students who did not take the exam for some reason, as well as registered students, can participate in the administrative study in July of that year after obtaining the provincial exam.
Subject examination; Students who didn't take or didn't take the subject 1 exam or the subject 2 exam can also take the record-keeping and bumper harvest exam, pass the exam, or take the provincial exam.
After obtaining the township examination, I will take one subject every three years. It is also divided into Zheng Ke and Cohen. Officials who preside over provincial examinations are called examiners and are selected by the emperor. After obtaining the provincial examination, all the other provinces were held in the provincial capital, and Shuntian took the provincial examination except Zhili, where no examiner was sent.
After getting the township examination, it will be held in autumn and August. There are three exams, the first on the ninth day, the second on 12, and the third on 15. Although the content of the exam is mainly four books and five classics, before the middle of Qing Dynasty, candidates were not required to learn all the classics. For example, in the fifty-fifth year of Kangxi (17 16), the topic was devoted to sexuality. Emperor Qianlong (that is, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty) thought that once candidates had learned all the classics, they did not bypass the knowledge. Then cut off the second question, choose a question from the five classics, and take the test together. Since then, it has been customized. After obtaining the provincial examination, the amount varies from province to province. For example, in the second year of Shunzhi, 168 people (Shuntian) and 40 people (Guizhou). Later, there were some differences and combinations, and rural considerations in various provinces increased or decreased. The person in the middle of the ranking is called the main list, and there are sub-lists besides the main list. Those who are on the list are called juren, and the first name on the list is Xie Yuan. The one in the vice list is called vice gong. To qualify as a juror, you must also select a deputy list from the list after the provincial examination.
The examination is a national examination presided over by the Ministry of Rites, which is called the Ministry of Rites. Jurors must undergo qualification examination or re-examination before they can take the exam. The date of the examination was set in February in the early Qing Dynasty, and it was changed to March after ten years of Qianlong, which became the rule from then on. The number and content of exams are similar to those of provincial exams. The examiner who will take the exam is called the president, and there are examiners under him, all of whom are selected by the emperor through the Ministry of rites. Once announced, he immediately went to the hospital in Hiram, keeping a distance from the outside world, and his duties were similar to those after obtaining the rural examination. Will try Chinese style, no quota. The largest number is Yongzheng Geng Xu, with 406 students enrolled, and the least is Ji You, Gan Long, with only 96 students enrolled. Will try Chinese style, called Gong. Ten famous clusters were hand-picked by the emperor, and Huiyuan was the first one.
Palace exam, the highest level exam, is held after the final exam. Palace examinations were held in April in the early Qing Dynasty; The twenty-sixth year of Qianlong is scheduled for April 21st, and has been customized since then. The content of imperial examination is a combination of history and current affairs. Each strategy includes three to five questions. Keep the question strictly confidential. The countermeasures for the court exam are limited to one day. After the test paper is sealed, the official in charge will store it in a box and send it to the official in charge of marking it. The court exam is given in the name of the emperor, so the official who marks the paper is called the reader. After examination, the first ten volumes will be submitted, and the ranking will be decided by the emperor. After the emperor decided to win the first place in ten volumes, the form filling officer filled out the form. One day after filling out the list, the emperor came to the Hall of Supreme Harmony to hold a ceremony to announce the results of the court examination. Princes and ministers and all palaces will attend. A third, the champion, the second place, the flower detective to Jinshi and; A number of people, given Jinshi origin; Several people in the top three were endowed with the same background as Jinshi. After the biography, the new Jinshi will also take the entrance examination in Baohe Hall. The content is one of reason, one of sparseness and one of poetry, and the examination questions are handed in by the emperor on the same day. The papers for the North Korean exam will be submitted by the marking minister in the first, second and third volumes, and the ranking of the top ten volumes will also be decided by the Emperor. The name of the first class is Yuan Chao. According to the regulations of the Qing Dynasty, three people in A Jia were appointed immediately after the announcement of palace examination. The first prize was awarded to the editor of the Hanlin Academy, and the second prize and flower exploration were awarded to the editor of the Hanlin Academy. According to the figures of re-examination, Jinshi, Zhongshu, Pedestrian, Judge, Bo Tu, Pushing Officer, breg and Zhixian, other Jinshi are, Master, Zhongshu, Pedestrian, Judge, Pushing Officer and Zhixian respectively. As for the Jinshi who made mistakes or fouls in Gongkao and Koryo, the magistrate of a county returned to the class and was not assigned. Burying is the end of the imperial examination and the starting point of official career. Zaiqing
In the political arena of a generation, many people who have made great achievements in their official careers are scholars.
The liberal arts in the Qing Dynasty followed the system of the Ming Dynasty, with eight-part essay as the main examination content. Specially take four books and five classics propositions; It is also called "Four Books" and "Five Classics" because of different sources of topics. This special style used in imperial examinations has strict rules in content and form. In content, the author must speak on behalf of the saints, not only according to Confucian classics such as the Four Books and Five Classics, but also observing certain annotations. Zhu, a master of the four books; The Biography of Cheng Yi and the Original Meaning of Zhu's Yi: Master Cai Shenchuan; Poet Zhu Chuan; Biography of Hu Anguo, the master of Spring and Autumn Annals; Chen, the owner of The Book of Rites, said: Later, Spring and Autumn Annals was changed to Zuo Zhuan, and The Biography of Ram and Gu Liangzhuan were used. Formally, each article consists of questions, topics, lectures, manpower, stocks, stocks, stocks, stocks, declines or closing. There are two corresponding characters in the four parts of initial share, intermediate share, post share and bundled share, and * * * has eight shares. The name of the eight-part essay comes from this. The number of words in the whole article is also certain. Two-year rule of Shunzhi: each article is limited to 550 words. In the twentieth year of Kangxi, it was increased to 650 words. Forty-three years, increased to 700 words per article, offenders will not be recorded. Although the Four Books and the Five Classics are both eight-part essays, they are more important than the Five Classics in the imperial examination. Stereotyped writing for scholars not only imprisons people's thoughts, but also inhibits the development of science and culture, which has great disadvantages.
In the 27th year of Guangxu (190 1), in August, the imperial examination reform: the township association conducted two examinations. The first examination was about five articles about China's political history and events, the second was about the political and artistic learning strategies of various countries, and the third was about the meaning of the Four Books and Five Classics. Under the pressure of the revolutionary public opinion that the bourgeoisie in China set up schools and abolished the imperial examination, Empress Dowager Cixi, on the advice of Liu Kunyi and Zhang Zhidong, announced in September 1905: "Starting from the afternoon of March, all rural and public examinations will be stopped." The annual examinations in the provinces will also be stopped. China's imperial examination system of 1300 years is over.
Martial arts examination is also divided into four levels: children's examination, township examination, general examination and palace examination. Wu Tong trial, once every three years, was held in Zheng Xue's first year in office. Like the literacy test, it first passed the county test, the government test and then the university test. Wu Tong's exam is divided into three sections: the first section shoots the horse, the second section shoots the step, and the third section tries the raiders originally, and then writes Jason Wu from memory. It was Wu Sheng who passed. Those who are excellent in martial arts are allowed to take the provincial examination; After obtaining the rural examination, it will be held every three years in October. China people are called martial artists. In September of the following year, martial artists from all provinces gathered in Beijing for an exam, and the one who won the exam was called Wu Jinshi. The entrance examination for Wu Jin Palace will be held after the examination in January. First try China's martial arts strategy in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, and then try horse, step, bow, knife and stone in Xiyuan (now Zhongnanhai). The emperor will personally decide the first place, and then the ceremony will be handed down. A gives three people Wu Jinshi and two, two people Wu Jinshi and three people Wu Jinshi. There are three people in one armor, namely Wu Zhuangyuan, Wu Bangyan and Wu Tanhua. After the legend, Wu Jinshi was hired by Wu Zhi respectively.
Although martial arts in the Qing dynasty were more complete, it was just like the old system, and its influence on feudal politics was far less than that of liberal arts. Guangxu ordered the abolition of weapons in the twenty-seventh year.
This system was maintained by the emperor's special decree. In the Qing Dynasty, there were some subjects such as learning and speaking boldly, specializing in classics, being filial and sincere, Fang Zhengzhi, recommending classics and calling for examinations. The founder of filial piety was only held in the year when the emperor ascended the throne, focusing on morality; Advocating Confucian classics and calling for examinations only happen occasionally in individual areas and within a specific scope. What people often say is nothing more than the magnificent theme of Boya Ci in the reign of Kang Gan and the special economic theme in the reign of Guangxu. The procedure of making subjects is simple, which is generally opened by the emperor and known to all officials. The cited person goes to Beijing to take an examination of the imperial court. The content of the examination is strategy or poetry, and then he learns from it.
Those who pass are awarded official positions respectively.
Translation is a special subject for the children of the Eight Banners set up by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. There are Manchu translation and Mongolian translation. Manchu translation can be applied to Manchuria, Mongolia and Han army; Mongolian translation is limited to Mongolians. The so-called "translation" is to translate a passage from the four books and five classics of Manchu or Mongolian into Chinese; Or translate Chinese into Manchu and Mongolian. This subject is also divided into sub-exams, township exams, there will be exams, and there will be no palace exams. After passing the rural examination, the amount was uncertain at first. In the 13th year of Qianlong, there were 33 translators in Manchuria and 9 translators in Mongolia. Later, due to the decrease in the number of candidates, the number of intermediate places also decreased accordingly. Daoguang eight years
(1828) After obtaining the provincial entrance examination, Manchuria and Mongolia were reduced to seven or eight and two or three respectively. Seventeen years were reduced to four or five and one respectively. In 20 years, only 6 candidates passed the provincial examination for Mongolian translation, so the decree was suspended. Chinese-style personnel in the translation examination are all endowed with the background of translation scholars, but they are not ranked first, and there are no titles such as champion, second place and flower exploration. In Manchu translation, the best one uses six masters, and the second one learns to master or is selected by Jinshi class as usual. Mongolian translators make up in Lifan Hospital.