The proletariat and the bourgeoisie were born as a result of the industrial revolution, which took place in Britain in the second half of the eighteenth century and later in capitalist countries around the world.
Introduce the early struggle of the proletariat.
Luther movement
The spontaneous labor movement of British workers against the oppression and exploitation of factory owners by destroying machines. The leader was called King Luther, hence his name. It is said that a worker named Lourdes in Leicestershire was the first to destroy the hosiery machine to protest against the oppression of the factory owner. During the industrial revolution, machine production gradually rejected manual labor, which made a large number of craftsmen go bankrupt, workers lost their jobs and their wages fell. At that time, workers regarded machines as the root of poverty, opposed business owners by destroying machines, and tried to improve working conditions, but violence against people was prohibited. The Lud movement has extremely strict organizational discipline, and those who reveal internal secrets will be severely punished and often threatened with death. 1769, the British parliament issued a decree to suppress. 18 1 1 At the beginning of the year, the Ludwig movement began to form a climax. Its center is Nottinghamshire. 18 1 1 year, socks manufacturers in Nottinghamshire ignored the industry rules and produced a kind of inferior stockings, which depressed the price of socks and seriously impacted the normal income of socks weavers. Some weavers secretly organized the destruction of the merchant's hosiery machine in the name of "General Luther". 18 12, the British parliament passed the security bill, using military and police to deal with workers. 18 13, the government promulgated the Law on Punishment for Destroying Machines, stipulating that workers who destroy machines can be sentenced to death. 18 13 hanged and exiled many people who destroyed machines in Yorkshire. 18 14 years, business owners set up associations to detect machine destroyers and brutally persecute workers. But the movement continues to spread. 18 16 This kind of action still happens from time to time.
The workers' uprising in Lyon, France
183 1 and 1834, workers in Lyon, France held two armed uprisings against capitalist exploitation and oppression. Lyon is the center of French silk industry. Under the cruel exploitation of factory owners and businessmen's employers, silk weavers and craftsmen live in extreme poverty. 183 1 At the beginning of the year, workers in Lyon set off a movement mainly demanding higher wages. The workers held many rallies, petitions and demonstrations. During the period of 10, a minimum wage agreement was negotiated with commercial employers. But later, with the support of the Minister of Commerce of the July Dynasty, the merchant employers tore up the agreement. 183 1 year1month 2 1 workers held a protest demonstration, which clashed with the military and police and turned into a spontaneous armed uprising. The rebel army put forward the slogan "You can't live without working, but you would rather fight to death". After three days of fighting, workers once occupied the city of Lyon. The uprising was quickly suppressed by the troops transferred by the July dynasty government.
1on April 9, 834, the silk workers' uprising broke out again in Lyon. The direct cause of the uprising was that the government arrested and tried the strike leaders and issued a decree prohibiting workers from organizing assemblies. This uprising has a more distinct political nature, which not only requires economic development, but also puts forward the slogan of abolishing the imperial system and establishing a political system. The insurgents wrote on the banner: "The cause we are fighting for is the cause of all mankind." Members of workers' organizations, mutual aid societies, petty-bourgeois democratic organizations, human rights societies and progressive societies formed a general committee to lead the struggle. The rebels fought fiercely with the government forces in the suburbs and downtown Lyon for six days, and were finally suppressed by the government forces because of the disparity in strength. The uprising aroused strong repercussions in Paris and many places in France, which promoted the development of the French workers' movement. The two worker uprisings in Lyon are one of the important signs that the French proletariat has stepped onto the historical stage as an independent political force.
People's Charter Movement
1836- 1858 the British workers' movement to realize the people's charter is one of the three major workers' movements in the world. The purpose of the Charter Movement is for workers to demand universal suffrage in order to have the opportunity to participate in the management of the country. "Universal suffrage is a rice bowl problem", and the working class hopes to improve its economic status through political changes. The British Constitutional Movement, the Silesia Textile Workers' Uprising in Germany and the Lyon Silk Workers' Uprising in France are called the three major workers' movements in the world, which shows that the proletariat has stepped onto the historical stage and laid a class foundation for the birth of Marxism. But in the end, it failed because of the lack of scientific theory, and capitalism rose.
Textile workers' uprising in Silesia, Germany
Silesia textile worker uprising, Silesia textile worker uprising in Prussia 1844. Silesia had a developed textile industry at that time. Workers and domestic craftsmen engaged in cotton and linen textile in this area are brutally exploited by workshop owners, commercial employers and landlords. In the 1940s, capitalists passed on the losses caused by the impact of British machine textiles to workers, which aggravated their poverty. . The British Constitutional Movement, the Silesia Textile Workers' Uprising in Germany and the Lyon Silk Workers' Uprising in France are called the three major workers' movements in the world, which shows that the proletariat has stepped onto the historical stage and laid a class foundation for the birth of Marxism.
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The first mass proletarian political revolutionary movement in the world was the Charter Movement.
The first bourgeois revolution led by a proletarian party in the world, the February Revolution.