After the Second Opium War, Haikou Port, as a foreign trade port, was first opened to Britain, Russia, France, the United States and Europe. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Qiongzhou Customs was formally established in Haikou (referred to as "Qiongguan", commonly known as "Yangguan"), and the senior position was held by foreigners. After the foreign customs system was fully implemented, Joan Customs only acted according to the orders of the State Administration of Taxation, which opened the door for the imperialist powers to dump goods and plunder China's resources.
After the founding of New China, People's Republic of China (PRC) Haikou Customs was established. Under the centralized and unified leadership of the General Administration of Customs, it shoulders the heavy responsibility of guarding the southern gate of the national economy and earnestly performs the three major tasks entrusted by the state to the customs: supervision, taxation and anti-smuggling. During the Cultural Revolution, the work of Haikou Customs was seriously affected. 197 1 year, the Hainan District Revolutionary Committee even approved the cancellation of Haikou Customs until 1972.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, customs work has entered a brand-new period. The central government decided to speed up the development and construction of Hainan, establish Hainan Special Economic Zone, and give great preferential policies. Hainan's economy shows great vitality. With the development of Hainan's foreign trade and economic construction, the customs business volume has increased sharply. 1984, approved by the State Council, Haikou customs was upgraded to bureau-level customs.
Haikou Customs will fully and accurately implement the customs policy of "administering according to law, guarding the country, serving the economy and promoting development", facilitate legal entry and exit, provide high-quality and efficient services, and do all the work in a down-to-earth manner in accordance with the requirements of "strong politics, excellent business and keeping promises" to make contributions to Hainan's foreign trade development.
Haikou Customs of People's Republic of China (PRC) is a department-level (bureau-level) entry-exit supervision and administration organ directly under the leadership of the General Administration of Customs, which governs the whole territory of Hainan Province. The office of the General Administration of Customs is located at No.61Binhai Avenue, Haikou City, Hainan Province.
Hainan Province is located at the southernmost tip of China. It is bordered by Qiongzhou Strait in the north, Beibu Gulf in the west, Democratic Republic of Viet Nam in the east, Taiwan Province Province in the south and the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia in the south. The total land area of the province (mainly including Hainan Island and Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands) is 35,000 square kilometers, and the sea area is about 2 million square kilometers. The coastline around Hainan Island is1528km long and there are 68 coastal harbors.
As early as the Song Dynasty, Hainan had Qiongzhou Shipping Administration Department, which was subordinate to Guangzhou Shipping Administration Department and managed the maritime trade activities of Hainan Island. The main portals are Qiongshan, Chengmai, Lingao, Wenchang and Lehui. In the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), the Qing government set up four customs offices in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong. Haikou General Port is one of the seven general ports of Guangdong Customs. Located in Xinhua North Road, Haikou City, it specializes in inspecting goods entering and leaving Hainan Island and collecting customs duties, shipping taxes and regulations. In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), the second Opium War was defeated, and the Qing government was forced to sign the Tianjin Treaty, opening Haikou as a trading port, opening it to western powers such as Britain, Russia, France and the United States, and foreign goods came in. Import and export ships mainly come from Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Norway. On the seventh day of March in the second year of Guangxu (1 876 April1), Qiongzhou Customs and Taxation Bureau (hereinafter referred to as "Qiong Customs", commonly known as "Yangguan") was formally established in Haikou, with its office at the southern end of Zhongshan Road in Haikou. Qiong Customs implements the foreign tax administration system, and foreigners control the customs sovereignty and act under the orders of the General Tax Administration. Joan Customs has a wide range of functions, besides supervising inbound and outbound ships, goods and articles, checking taxes, collecting customs duties and cracking down on smuggling, it is also responsible for port management and construction. Qiong Customs has a port department, which is responsible for managing ships entering and leaving the port, surveying and mapping Haikou River, Qiongzhou Strait and coastal areas, and establishing and managing navigation AIDS such as lighthouses, buoys and reef markers. From the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897) to the 3rd year of Xuantong (19 1 1), postal services were also handled in Haikou and Qiongzhou.
After the establishment of Qiong Customs, in order to distinguish foreign customs, the former Haikou General Port and its sub-ports were collectively called "Changguan", which was abolished in May of the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1), and the situation of foreign customs and Changguan existed in Hainan Port for a long time. During the 65 years from the second year of Guangxu (1876) to the thirty years of the Republic of China (194 1), foreigners from nine countries, including Britain, Germany, the United States, Russia, Japan, Denmark, Spain, Portugal and Norway, held the posts of tax department, with a total of 38 people. Among them, Britain and Germany are the majority, with 2 1 and 9 respectively.
After the establishment of Qiong Customs, Hainan's foreign trade has become increasingly prosperous. In the year of Xuantong Yuan (1909), the total value of foreign trade reached 7.567 million yuan, and the tax collected was 283,000 yuan, the highest in the past years. Among them, opium imports account for a considerable proportion. In the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), the tax collected was133,000, and the opium tax alone reached 58,000, accounting for 43.6% of the tax collected in that year. In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), the Japanese army occupied Hainan, and the foreign trade was greatly reduced. In 3 1 (1942) of the Republic of China, Qionghai Pass was occupied by the Japanese, and the tax administration was renamed as "Director of Customs". After that, in addition to importing Japanese goods, Hainan's trade with other countries was basically interrupted, with little tax revenue. In 34 years of the Republic of China (1945), after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government took over Qiong Customs. Soon the civil war broke out and foreign trade was paralyzed.
1 950 May1day, Hainan Island was liberated, and Hainan Military and Political Committee sent military representatives to take over Qiongguan. On June 1 day of the same year, it was renamed People's Republic of China (PRC) * * and Haikou Customs, and its address was No.4 Deshengsha Road, Haikou City. Under the unified leadership of the General Administration of Customs, Haikou Customs has gradually carried out a fundamental reform of the old customs system in accordance with the principle of "complete takeover and gradual transformation". Hand over the port work that is not directly related to the port management department, conscientiously perform the functions of supervision, taxation and smuggling inspection entrusted by the state to the customs, and cooperate with the recovery and construction of the national economy.
1In September, 958, the National Conference of Customs Directors proposed: "As one of the tools of the people's democratic dictatorship to guard the country, customs must take economic and political security as its work center." The function of Haikou Customs has also expanded from the supervision and management of major economic aspects to cracking down on various political sabotage activities. For the inspection of luggage and postal articles of inbound and outbound passengers, measures such as rummaging through boxes and cabinets, unpacking and passing through the plane were taken on the spot. At the same time, strictly implement the Measures for Customs Inspection and Exposure of Import and Export Freight Accidents, and inspection and exposure of freight accidents is one of the main tasks. During the "Cultural Revolution", the business and rules and regulations of Haikou Customs were seriously damaged, the organization was disrupted, and many business backbones were sent to the countryside or transferred, and their business was basically paralyzed. From 1953 to 1972, the administrative subordination relationship of Haikou Customs has changed several times, and it once belonged to foreign trade, ports and other departments. Since 1976 and 10, Haikou Customs has gradually resumed various customs clearance services. On April 1983 and 1 day, the Central Committee and the State Council issued the Summary of Discussions on Accelerating the Development and Construction of Hainan, which relaxed the policy and gave Hainan more autonomy. Hainan's foreign capital utilization projects are developing rapidly, and various new trade modes are constantly emerging. However, at the end of 1985, most preferential policies were stopped according to the adjustment of national policies.
1988 In April, the first meeting of the Seventh National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China adopted the Decision on Establishing Hainan Province and the Decision on Establishing Hainan Special Economic Zone. On April 14 of the same year, the State Council approved the Summary of the Symposium on Further Opening to the Outside World and Accelerating the Economic Development and Construction of Hainan Island. On May 4th of the same year, the State Council issued the Regulations on Encouraging Investment in the Development of Hainan Island, giving Hainan a number of preferential import and export policies, and Hainan entered a new historical development period. From 1994 to 1996, Hainan experienced a major adjustment in the policies of the special zone, and its economy experienced ups and downs. However, with the continuous efforts of the Hainan Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government to create regional economic advantages, by 2008, Hainan's gross national product was 654.38+046.6 billion yuan, 24.6 times higher than the 5.73 billion yuan before the establishment of the provincial special zone in 654.38+0987. Haikou Customs has also achieved rapid development and entered a brand-new historical development period.