1, technical problems of seepage control construction of dikes in water conservancy projects
The anti-seepage technology of 1. 1 is not perfect.
At present, the dike construction of water conservancy projects still has great limitations. In dike construction, any technology should be paid enough attention, but in actual construction, the corresponding auxiliary technology has not been paid enough attention, while the main technologies such as cutoff wall technology, high-pressure jet technology and water network reinforcement technology have been paid too much attention. In this case, it is difficult to fully combine the foundation characteristics and soil quality of the construction site for seepage control construction.
1.2 Inadequate project quality supervision
After the completion of water conservancy project construction, quality inspection must be carried out. But unlike ordinary projects, water conservancy projects are located in a special place and are generally built underground. Therefore, it is difficult for relevant inspectors to conduct a comprehensive and detailed investigation on the quality of underground dike seepage control construction, which greatly hinders the supervision of the project and is difficult to ensure the quality of dike seepage control construction.
1.3 construction management is not in place.
In the process of water conservancy project construction, some construction units will selectively subcontract some projects to other enterprises, and their own construction management and quality are in place, but they do not coordinate the quality and management of subcontractors' construction and do not send special technicians to guide them, which eventually leads to unreasonable construction technology and inconsistent with actual construction conditions, which affects the quality of dike seepage control construction to a certain extent.
2. Application of anti-seepage construction technology for dikes of water conservancy projects
2. 1 high pressure jet seepage control technology
The working principle of high-pressure jet cutoff wall technology is to pump slurry into dike structure under the action of high pressure, and mix it with soil and rock to make it a whole. Like curtain grouting seepage control technology, the foundation is strengthened by solidification and hardening of slurry, and the strength and stability of cutoff wall are enhanced, thus improving the seepage resistance of foundation structure. In concrete construction, firstly, a drilling rig is used to drill holes, then the slurry is sprayed into the soil layer through the high pressure of grouting pipe nozzle, and finally it is stirred to become a new condensate. With the continuous improvement, the current high-pressure jet technology has developed into a large-particle high-pressure jet construction technology characterized by high-pressure jet grouting and high-pressure jet grouting, and has achieved good results in many engineering applications.
2.2 curtain grouting anti-seepage technology
When curtain grouting anti-seepage technology is applied to the dike construction of water conservancy projects, it should be strictly in accordance with the actual requirements of mud configuration to ensure that the mud quality has good fluidity and gelation, and can meet the requirements of specifications and construction standards. After the slurry is prepared, a proper amount of slurry is pumped into the rock fracture by drilling technology. After the slurry is solidified, the strength of bedrock should be properly strengthened to make the seepage control effect of bedrock stronger. Borehole closed grouting, GIN grouting and pure pressure grouting are commonly used grouting techniques, but in actual construction, reasonable grouting methods and corresponding grouting and drilling techniques should be selected according to specific conditions to further enhance the anti-seepage effect.
2.3 Split grouting anti-seepage technology
Seepage prevention by split grouting, as the name implies, is to split the dam into cracks through the pressure generated by slurry, and then inject high-concentration slurry into the cracks to form a vertical seepage prevention curtain, thus achieving the best seepage prevention effect. During construction, holes are arranged on the axis of the dam, and then the dam body is split by the pressure generated during grouting, and grouting is carried out into the cracks. After solidification, a corresponding impervious dam body will be formed. It can eliminate holes and cracks in the dam body and achieve the overall anti-seepage effect of construction. Split grouting seepage control technology is convenient in material selection, which can reduce material cost and engineering difficulty, and also has certain environmental protection effect, which is convenient and fast. At the same time, the anti-seepage technology of split grouting is simpler than other anti-seepage technologies because it is directly reconstructed or constructed on the original dam body.
2.4 Vertical plastic paving anti-seepage technology
In the process of seepage control construction of water conservancy project, the vertical plastic paving seepage control construction technology mainly uses chain bucket trencher to groove the dam body and dam foundation of the whole project, then spreads seepage control plastic on it, and adopts the method of backfill treatment, so that the backfill material consolidated by precipitation and the main plastic film really form a composite seepage control curtain. The impervious body has no joint, strong adaptability, good integrity and continuity, which are the advantages of the vertical plastic paving seepage control construction technology, which can greatly improve the seepage control ability of the dike. Generally speaking, the excavation depth of vertical plastic paving seepage control construction is within 15m, and the groove width is controlled within 15-30cm. This construction technology is mostly used in some reservoirs with small penetration depth and cutoff walls of dams in rivers, lakes and seas in plain areas.
2.5 concrete cutoff wall technology
Concrete cutoff wall technology is to control the thickness of the wall reasonably by closely combining the cross section of the wall, so as to ensure its safety and reliability, and then achieve the purpose of seepage control. When leakage occurs, concrete cutoff wall technology can be used to deal with it, which can play a certain role in strengthening and avoid forming greater hidden dangers. Concrete cutoff walls are mainly divided into deep type and shallow type. The deep cutoff wall is 20-30m deep and 60-80cm thick, which is usually used in dangerous sections with a depth of more than 30m. The shallow cutoff wall has a depth of 10-20m and a thickness of 10-25cm, which is basically used for dike seepage control. In actual construction, the corresponding type can be selected according to the specific construction technology and seepage control requirements.
2.6 Multi-head Deep Mixing Technology
In recent years, with the construction unit adopting a variety of dike seepage control construction technologies in the process of water conservancy project construction, the seepage control ability of water conservancy project dikes has been significantly improved, thus promoting the quality of water conservancy project construction. At present, in order to improve the anti-seepage ability of dikes in water conservancy projects, construction units have gradually strengthened the use of multi-head deep mixing technology. In the practical application process, this technology can realize the uniform mixing of cement slurry injection in water conservancy projects, and finally realize the composite foundation, so that the concrete and the wall of the engineering dike can be organically combined and solidified, and finally achieve the effect of seepage prevention.
2.7 Controlled Grouting Technology
Controlled grouting is also a good technical content in dike seepage control construction. In the application process, it will fully combine the traditional grouting method and use advanced control system to improve the cement pressure. After the application of this technology, the grouting range can be well controlled, the grouting efficiency can be maximized, the seepage control level of water conservancy projects can be consolidated, the past problems can be eliminated, and the long-term development in the future can be guaranteed.
3. Technical measures for seepage control construction of dikes in water conservancy projects
3. 1 Study on strengthening seepage control technology
(1) In the construction of dike anti-seepage technology, it is necessary to do all the preparatory work before construction, try to fully imagine the specific conditions of all aspects of construction, and ensure that the construction is foolproof. (2) For some technical problems encountered in the construction, we should give full play to the spirit of unity and cooperation of the construction team, seriously study the existing problems and seek the best solution. (3) In the process of dike seepage control construction, all kinds of technologies should be treated equally and given enough attention. We must not ignore them because the technology content is not high enough. You know, thousands of miles away will collapse in an ant colony. Moreover, it is necessary to carefully identify various material parameters used in seepage control construction to lay a good foundation for future construction.
3.2 Improve project quality supervision.
Because the construction of water conservancy projects will involve many construction units, it is difficult to supervise the construction quality, and there is no clear responsibility system for construction. In order to ensure the construction quality of water conservancy projects and the quality acceptance after the completion of later projects, a quality supervision system with perfect rules and regulations must be established. Quality supervision mainly refers to the supervision of operating norms in the construction process, including the supervision of the use of building materials and construction technology. In the construction process, these quality supervision systems should be truly implemented to avoid becoming empty talk.
3.3 Establish and improve the construction management system
The actual water conservancy project construction may involve multiple construction units, which inevitably increases the management difficulty of the construction site. In order to avoid the confusion of site management and ensure the smooth progress of the construction site, the construction unit should formulate a series of rules and regulations. At the same time, the anti-seepage technology is relatively professional, and only when the construction personnel reach a higher technical level can the anti-seepage technology be done well. Therefore, the conditions for the construction unit to hire technicians must be strict enough. After hiring technicians, they should be trained and assessed regularly to further ensure that the anti-seepage technology of dikes can reach a high-quality level.
4. Conclusion
To sum up, the anti-seepage construction technology of water conservancy projects is extremely important for dike anti-seepage. Based on this, water conservancy enterprises should strengthen the application of seepage control construction technology in water conservancy projects.
If you want to know more about the construction information of "Anti-seepage Construction Technology for Embankments of Water Conservancy Projects", you can search the link in Zhong Da Architectural and Design Consulting.
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