Woodworking proverbs are the experience of several generations of carpenters. They are catchy, vivid and easy to remember and use, which is of great benefit to us in learning traditional carpentry. What needs special attention is that although woodworking proverbs are the crystallization of several generations of woodworking experience, they are not universal truths, and there are often applicable conditions, which are correct only if they meet the major premise.
About carpentry
Long carpenter, short blacksmith, neither long nor short stonemason.
Explain the characteristics of different industries and processing objects. It also explains the ingredients of carpentry and some working procedures (such as the length of tenon, cupboard door and drawer, etc.). ) there must be a certain margin, rather long than short, rather big than small.
A similar proverb: Carpenters are not afraid of long, and blacksmiths are not afraid of short.
Carpenters look sharp, masons look edge.
The "tip" is the angle. The lofting and production of shelves, the installation of planers according to the cutting angle, the production of chisels, the filing of sawtooth, and the production of furniture tenons have various angles. Tickle also refers to the operation quality of shoulder cutting and flat-fell seam in furniture, so as to measure its technological level. The quality of tenon joint not only reflects the quality, but also reflects the carpenter's knowledge and operation level in sample turning, drawing, material selection, line drawing and processing. It can be seen that these angles are the key to woodworking technology.
A similar proverb: carpenters dare not touch, bricklayers dare not look.
Carpenter's axe, carpenter's saw.
Traditional carpentry is generally divided into three categories: rough carpentry for building houses, also called big carpenters; A joiner who makes furniture is also called a carpenter. Cooper Qi, also known as a round carpenter, makes pots with hoop barrels. It is about the basic skills of different kinds of carpenters. Big carpenters need to saw logs flat, and the skill of axe and axe handle is the most important. Whether the tenons and mortises of doors, windows and furniture in Joinery Work are correct not only affects the appearance, but also relates to the internal quality and service life. Therefore, the quality of shoulder cutting and flat-fell seam in tenon joint is often used to evaluate the level of joinery. Sawing is particularly important in many operations, such as planing, chiseling, sawing and cutting.
Little carpenter's material, big carpenter's line
Planing materials is an important basic skill for small carpenters. The carpenter drew lines according to the two major faces of the material. Only when the materials of these two surfaces are planed out can they meet the standards, and then the lines can be drawn accurately. Only when the line is accurate can the machining accuracy be guaranteed. Planer should be straight, square and flat. Look from one end of the material to the other with one eye. If it is a straight line, it is straight. The moment of inspection is square, and it looks like a plane. It is measured with a ruler and is consistent with the ruler. Only in this way can the materials be qualified.
Great carpenters take thread as the standard. There is a center line, a horizontal line, dimension line. Beams, purlins, rafters, etc. , you must first pop up the center line, including the head-on cross center line and the straight center line, and then operate according to the center line. Construction lofting, big wooden component line, but also pop up the horizontal line and other dimension line. The big wood project with these lines is beneficial to construction. Therefore, the production line is the key link of large-scale wood processing and construction.
One material, two wires and three holes.
Planing materials should be flat, smooth and square, drawing lines should be accurate, and tenoning should be square.
Carpenters bend bent trees to keep them straight, so they become useful materials. Woodworking should reasonably select materials, skillfully use inferior materials and improve the utilization rate of wood.
Carpenter's axe, mason's knife, bachelor's luggage, big girl's waist. These are not easy to touch, and the tools used to describe craftsmen are not easy to lend to others
Learn fine arts for three years and make up fine arts in March. When you become an artist depends on your craft.
About wood
Dry for a thousand years, wet for a thousand years, dry, wet and wet for two or three years.
It is about the relationship between wood moisture content and wood service life. When the moisture content is very small or large, the service life of wood is very long, while semi-dry and semi-wet or sometimes dry and sometimes wet, wood is easy to decay.
Pick one thousand catties horizontally and ten thousand catties vertically.
It means that the bearing capacity of wood is different in different directions. The transverse and longitudinal bearing capacity of wood is about 1: 10, so special attention should be paid to the size of transverse stress field.
Dry bricks don't go to the wall, and wet wood doesn't make doors.
Wood is easy to deform during drying, so you should choose dry wood for furniture.
Dry maple and wet willow
It is difficult for a saw to cut dry maple and wet willow.
About tools
Fu; Feed unit
Chop with an axe
A quick saw is not as good as a blunt axe.
When cutting edges with an axe, and when wood grain is straight, you can cut edges three or two times, which is more efficient than sawing.
One life with an axe, three years with an airplane.
It is not easy to master the plane, and it is more difficult to play with an axe than to use it well.
Similar to the proverb: a thousand-day hammer, a hundred-day axe, you have to learn sawing all morning.
Distinguish the wood principle, see wood grain clearly before cutting stubble, and chop the axe from stubble to stubble.
June (short for June)
see
Tickle on the seesaw.
The seesaw is either anxious or impatient, and gently pulls rhythmically.
Whip the fast cow and see two heads.
Slow and steady, don't kill hard, take it easy. Don't be cruel, the saw should be steady, light and straight.
The teeth should be sharp, the material should be uniform and easy to use. This kind of sawtooth is sharp, the feed path is uniform and easy to use.
Light wrangling, happy to kill the saw, the saw is not empty.
Lift the saw gently and transfer the saw with relative force.
Don't run the line, put the two lines together. Keep an eye on the saw when you kill it, so that the saw blade coincides with the ink line.
Olefin (short for Poly Alpha Olefin)
belt-drive double housing planer
Lie nine, don't force yourself;
It's no use standing in one room and eight halls.
Refers to the angle between the planing edge and the planing bottom. If the vertical side of a right triangle is one inch and the horizontal side is nine points, the plane is installed on the hypotenuse. The included angle of two right angles 1: 0.9 is 48.0 1 degree, and the included angle of 1: 0.8 is 5 1.34 degree. The angle is small, the planer can work hard, and it is labor-saving to use, but it is easy to leave stubble; The angle is large, it is difficult to push, but it is not easy to leave stubble.
Adjust one line of the planer so that it does not bend or tilt. The planer exposes a line at the bottom of the plane, which is parallel to the bottom of the plane and not skewed.
Recognize the inside and outside, argue the wood grain, no stubble is easy to come. Before planing, you should distinguish the inside and outside of the wood from the grain, and plan along the grain to avoid stubble.
To plan the plane, first lay the line, and then plan the plane height. Planing the protruding part first, then planing the concave part, and then planing according to the chalk line after it is roughly flat.
Bow in front, stretch behind, and push your shoulders forward.
The front left leg should be slightly bent, and the back right leg should be straight. Push hard and push forward with your shoulders, arms and wrists at the same time.
Similar to the proverb: the front legs are arched, the rear legs are pedaled, the waist is high, the face is like a spear, and it shines without shaking.
Push the plane like a mountain. After the plane is launched, both arms should be straight and strong. No matter how hard the wood is, push it through.
Flat plane, go straight. At the beginning and end, the plane should be flat, and you can't look up and down. Plane body direction should be consistent with the wood axis.
A long flight will call, and a short plane will jump.
The sharp plane is equipped with a long plane, which will make a whistling sound when pushing the plane smoothly; If your plan is short, you will jump on the board happily. When I was an apprentice, I couldn't use a pilot. Master taught me, "You can stretch like a dog."