Common sense of enterprise safety production

One policy: safety first, prevention first and comprehensive treatment.

Two rules: job responsibilities; Operating procedures.

No harm: no harm to yourself, no harm to others, no harm to others.

Four don't let go: don't let go until the cause of the accident is found out; The person responsible for the accident and the leadership responsibility have not been investigated; The majority of employees have no education; Preventive measures have not been implemented.

Five notes: understand the safety key parts of the unit; Understand the safety responsibility system and management network of this unit; Understand the safety operation rules and standards of the unit; Understand the hidden dangers of accidents and preventive measures of the unit; Understand and master the accident emergency plan.

Six invariants: adhere to the idea of "safety first"; The responsibilities of the legal representative of the enterprise as the first person responsible for production safety remain unchanged; Effective safety rules and regulations remain unchanged; Strictly strengthen safety production; The principle of one-vote veto in production safety remains unchanged; Safety production management measures that rely entirely on workers remain unchanged.

Seven checks: check and understand; Check the organization; Check the system; Check the accounts; Check the equipment; Check for hidden dangers; Inspection measures.

Eight combinations: establishing a combination of restraint mechanism and incentive mechanism; Highlight key points and give consideration to all aspects; Functional department management combined with * * * management; The combination of preventing micro-duration and highlighting the security system; Combine the promotion of safety culture with perseverance; Combination of safety inspection and hidden danger rectification; Combine the implementation of the responsibility system with the improvement of the accountability system; Strengthen safety management and implement safety production confirmation system.

Nine in place: leadership responsibility in place; Education and training are in place; Safety management personnel are in place; The implementation of laws and regulations is in place; Technical skills in place; Preventive measures have been put in place; Check the strength in place; Rectification and punishment in place; Full staff awareness is in place.

Ten unsafe psychological factors: fluky psychology; Paralysis; Laziness; Brave; Reckless; Anxiety; Irritability; Angry; Complacency; Curious.

Basic knowledge of enterprise safety production

In productive labor, there are factors that are unfavorable to the safety and health of workers in production environment, machinery and equipment, and labor tools. In order to prevent casualties and protect workers' safety and health, every worker must consciously abide by various safety systems and operating norms.

First, according to the "Safety Production Law" and other laws and regulations, formulate relevant rules and regulations.

Formulate various management systems, rules and regulations, fire safety and operating procedures for safe production. Mainly for: safety production responsibility system, safety production work regular meeting system, safety production inspection system, hidden danger rectification system, safety production publicity and education training system, labor protection articles management system, accident management system, post operation rules, enterprise fire safety system, etc.

Two, the full implementation of safety production "three management, four accounting" system.

1. Enterprises should be decomposed and implemented layer by layer, and establish enterprise safety production management and fire safety system and graded responsibility system, horizontally to the edge and vertically to the people.

2, the establishment of enterprise safety management institutions or full-time, compulsory fire brigade;

3, formulate and implement the responsibility system for production safety and fire prevention scheme, the implementation of fire, explosion, collapse, poisoning and other accidents to protect personnel evacuation, evacuation, rescue and other safety measures, and determine the person in charge;

4, equipped with safety facilities, fire equipment, the implementation of regular maintenance, maintenance measures, improve safety conditions, often carry out safety inspections, timely eliminate potential safety hazards, and recorded;

5. Establish emergency rescue plan for production accidents, organize employees to carry out safety education and emergency rescue drills, improve employees' safety awareness, and master common sense such as accident prevention, fire fighting and escape, self-help and mutual rescue;

6, organize accident self-help, protect the scene of the accident, to assist in the investigation of the cause of the accident.

Three, combined with the characteristics of the safety work of the unit, publicity and education of safety production knowledge, enhance the safety awareness of employees, organize safety inspections, and eliminate all kinds of accidents in time.

1. The principle of "wheel cover, shaft belt sleeve, platform fence and hole cover" should be followed in production workshops, places and job sites to prevent wheels, shafts, holes and platforms from being involved, falling off and slipping.

2, pits, manholes, sewers, fermentation ponds, pulp ponds, wells and other places and locations where gas deposition may occur, gas protection measures should be taken during construction and operation, pay attention to the use of gas masks, and do a good job of ventilation. If you find someone poisoned, you must not blindly rescue them without any preventive measures;

3. The safety of special equipment and facilities, such as pots, containers and pipelines, must comply with the relevant provisions on inspection, maintenance and use. Regular inspection and maintenance shall be carried out, and special personnel shall operate with certificates;

4. Operators of self-provided generator sets should receive special training and hold relevant certificates; Diesel oil, gasoline, etc. Shall not be stored in the computer room and power distribution room; Exhaust gas must be discharged to the outside;

5, gas welding unit, acetylene, gas and other cylinders must be isolated from oxygen cylinders;

6. Untreated container metals such as air and water shall not be put into the furnace for smelting;

7. Do not directly connect the 220V power supply to various machine tool lighting equipment;

8, the setting of the oil depot must conform to the fire code, it is forbidden to use gasoline to directly clean metal products;

9, in the absence of any protective measures, shall not move, maintenance of live equipment;

10. It is forbidden to manufacture, install, use or ride freight elevator.

Fourth, find out the reasons from the accident elements and implement preventive measures.

(1) The causes of accidents are mainly divided into direct causes and indirect causes.

1, the direct cause of the accident:

One is the unsafe state of machinery, materials or environment.

(1) Protection, safety and signaling devices are lacking or defective.

① No protection device. Including no protective cover, no safety device and no alarm device; Poor electrical grounding, poor insulation and no safety signs; Unprotected fence or damaged fence; The fan has no silencer and is noisy; No car stopper or obstacle is installed to stop the sports car.

② Improper protection. Including mechanical exposed rotating parts without protective cover, the protective cover is not in the proper position, and the protective device is loose or improperly adjusted; When shooting, the safe distance of the shelter is insufficient or defective; Failure or improper installation of explosion-proof device. The live part of the electrical device is exposed, losing insulation, or the wire interface is not firm and loose, resulting in leakage of the shell.

(2) Equipment, facilities, tools and accessories are defective.

① Improper design and layout, and the structure does not meet the safety requirements. Comprise a door blocking that line of sight; The braking device is defective; The safe distance is not enough; The workpiece has sharp burrs and burrs; There are sharp barbs on equipment and facilities.

② Insufficient strength or stability. Including insufficient mechanical strength; Insufficient insulation strength; The rope for lifting heavy objects does not meet the safety requirements; The stability of load-bearing equipment is not enough, and it is unstable when bearing.

(3) The abnormal state j of equipment operation includes equipment running with disease, overspeed and overload.

④ Poor maintenance, debugging and correction. Including equipment disrepair, improper maintenance and equipment failure; The factory building is in disrepair for a long time, and the ground of the workplace is uneven.

(3) Labor protection articles and appliances are lacking or defective. Including protective clothing, gloves, goggles and masks, respiratory protective equipment, hearing protective equipment, safety belts, safety helmets, insulated shoes, etc.

(1) Failing to issue necessary labor protection appliances and articles.

(2) The labor protection articles and appliances issued do not meet the safety requirements and cannot play a protective role.

(4) The working environment at the production (construction) site is harsh.

① The lighting is not good. Including insufficient light or too strong light, dust and smoke in the workplace, unclear vision, etc.

② Poor ventilation. Including no ventilation, low efficiency of ventilation system and short circuit of airflow; Toxic and harmful substances (gas, dust, etc.). ) exceed the standard, and continue to work without discharge or treatment.

(3) Dangerous work, narrow workplace and inconvenient access. The open-pit quarry is not peeled off, the falling rock surface is inclined outward, and the dangerous stones are not cleaned; Too many people, insufficient or blocked safety exits; The workshop and dormitory for producing and storing dangerous goods are in the same building (three in one).

④ The operation site is messy. Including improper layout of electrical lines and pipelines, random pulling and misplacing; Tools, products, materials, etc. There is no safe stacking.

⑤ The transportation line configuration is unsafe. If vehicles and other vehicles are parallel, it is impossible to separate lanes; When you meet, you can't avoid it; There are no signals or warning signs when turning or crossing the road.

⑥ Improper environmental indicators such as temperature, humidity, noise and dust in the workplace affect normal operation.

⑦ The ground is slippery. Including oil or other liquids on the ground, ice and snow cover, other slippery substances on the ground, and anti-skid materials on the ground.

⑧ The storage method is unsafe. For example, the storage device of flammable, explosive, toxic and hazardous chemicals is defective and the safety distance is insufficient.

Pet-name ruby improper operation process, process design or configuration is not complete. Such as temperature, pressure, humidity, current, voltage, time and other parameters in the process parameters, the height and depth of the construction site, the position above water and underground, etc. Improper choice; Improper selection of process flow, equipment and facilities.

The second is people's unsafe behavior, which mainly includes the following contents:

(1) Ignore safety, warnings and operational errors. Including starting, shutting down and moving the machine without permission; There is no signal when the machine is started or shut down; The switch is not locked, resulting in accidental rotation, electrification, ventilation or leakage; Forgot to turn off the equipment; Inattention, ignoring warning signs and signals, and misoperation (refers to the operation of buttons, valves, wrenches, handles, etc. ); Improper walking and running; Feed or feed speed is too fast, and the machine runs at an overspeed; Driving a motor vehicle in violation of regulations; Lifting equipment is too fast, overloaded and mixed with passengers and goods; When punching and shearing, it extends into the punching die area; The workpiece is not fastened firmly; Blowing iron filings with compressed air and other illegal acts.

(2) Human failure of safety devices: including the removal of safety devices; The safety device is blocked and fails, or the safety device fails due to improper adjustment.

(3) Use unsafe equipment. Including temporary use of unstable lifting and hoisting equipment, climbing equipment and facilities, and handling and loading equipment; Use equipment without safety devices, etc.

(4) Use hands instead of tools. Including replacing hand tools with hands; Remove debris by hand; Without fixture, the workpiece is processed directly by hand; Improper posture of carrying articles, etc.

(5) Items (finished products, semi-finished products, materials, tools, chips, production and daily necessities, etc.) are improperly stored. ).

(6) Adventure into a dangerous place. Including entering oil irrigation or oil well without the permission of safety personnel, venturing into culverts, and no safety facilities approaching the leak; Did not leave the dangerous area during stacking, transportation and loading; Adventure into the danger zone indicated by warning danger signals and signs: accelerate getting on and off at the parking lot; Hot work in inflammable and explosive places; Enter the mine stope; Take a mine (cargo) car without authorization.

(7) Climbing or sitting in an unsafe position. Such as climbing and sitting on platform guardrails, car fenders, crane hooks and other high and movable parts.

(8) Work, stay and rest under the hoisted objects and dangerous hoisted objects; There are no safety facilities and safety measures when going up and down the interchange.

(9) When the machine is running, it should be oiled, repaired, inspected, adjusted, welded and cleaned.

(10) At work, the operator has behaviors of interference and distraction. Such as work after drinking, work with illness and fatigue; Overwhelmed ideological burden, serious dissatisfaction with emotional homework, etc.

(1 1) Ignoring or improperly using personal labor protection articles and appliances in the workplace or where they need to be used. If you don't wear goggles or face mask, insulating shoes, protective gloves, safety helmet, respiratory protective device, safety belt, working cap, etc.

(12) Unsafe clothing. Wear loose clothes if working near equipment with exposed rotating parts; Don't wear long hair into the work cap; Please wear gloves when operating equipment with rotating parts.

(13) Incorrectly touching and handling inflammable, explosive and other dangerous goods.

2. Indirect causes of accidents

(1) Technical and design defects. For example, industrial components, buildings, machinery and equipment, instruments and meters, process flow, operation methods, maintenance and inspection have problems in design, construction and material use. The equipment is in disrepair and has not been inspected and maintained normally; Enterprise safety production equipment and facilities are not designed, constructed and put into use at the same time as the main project of the construction project; No safety evaluation has been conducted for hazardous chemicals production projects.

(2) Insufficient safety education and training. The person in charge of the enterprise and the employees have not received education and training on safety production, and have a weak awareness of safety production or do not understand the technical knowledge of safety operation; Special operations personnel work without a license, and employees have not received three-level safety education.

(3) unreasonable labor organization. If there are too many people in the workplace; Shift change or improper operating procedures.

(4) Lack of inspection or incorrect guidance on site work. Such as illegal command, improper accident rescue command, etc.

(5) There are no safety production management rules and regulations and safety operation rules (operating rules and operating instructions), or the safety production management rules and regulations and safety operation rules (operating rules) are not perfect and have no rules to follow.

(6) Failure to seriously implement accident prevention measures and emergency measures, failure to rectify potential accidents, failure to implement funds, etc.

(2) Accountability for major safety accidents

1, where the following casualties occur, the responsibility of the relevant leaders should be investigated first:

(1) Workers have not received safety education and technical training, and special operators have worked independently without special operators' operation certificates, thus causing major accidents;

(2) Lack of safety technical operating rules or imperfect rules, resulting in casualties;

(3) Safety facilities, safety signals, safety signs, safety appliances, etc. Incomplete, irregular and unclear, causing casualties;

(4) The equipment is seriously in disrepair and overloaded, causing accidents;

(5) turning a blind eye to the accident and not taking serious measures, and repeating similar casualty accidents;

(six) illegal command, forced to take risks, causing casualties;

(seven) failing to arrange funds for safety technical measures, eliminate hidden dangers of accidents and improve working conditions in time, resulting in casualties;

(8) Because the safety facilities in new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects are not designed, constructed and accepted at the same time, causing casualties;

(nine) do not implement the relevant departments of the "supervision opinions" and "rectification instructions", overdue rectification, resulting in casualties.

2, one of the following circumstances, should be held responsible for the perpetrators or relevant personnel:

(1) Casualties caused by illegal command or illegal risky operation;

(two) in violation of the responsibility system for production safety and relevant rules and regulations, operating rules and operating rules, resulting in casualties;

(3) Failing to report immediately or take active measures when finding an emergency with the danger of accidents, and failing to avoid accidents or reduce casualties;

(4) Disobeying management, violating rules and regulations and labor discipline, going AWOL or starting machinery and equipment without authorization, and dismantling safety protection devices, resulting in casualties.

3. In any of the following circumstances, the relevant personnel shall be given a heavier punishment:

(1) Failing to report, making a false report or deliberately delaying the report after the serious injury or death accident;

(two) in the investigation of the accident, concealing the truth of the accident, practicing fraud, or even blaming others;

(3) after the accident, due to irresponsibility, not actively organize rescue or rescue is invalid, causing heavy casualties;

(four) after the accident, did not seriously learn lessons and take preventive measures, resulting in similar accidents happening again;

(five) in violation of the procedures prescribed by the superior, abuse of power, unauthorized handling or shielding the person responsible for the accident.

While giving priority to education, the person responsible for the accident should put forward handling opinions according to the consequences of the accident and the responsibility of the person responsible for the accident.

(3) Prevention of common accidents and injuries

1, the main measures to prevent accidental injury

(1) Strictly implement national laws, regulations and standards related to production safety, and insist on supervising and managing enterprises according to law. The person in charge of the production and business operation entity must have basic knowledge of safety management and safety production technology, earnestly perform the duties of safety production, and take full responsibility for the safety production of the enterprise.

(2) Establish and improve the safety production responsibility system at all levels and the post safety production responsibility system, improve the rules and regulations, operating procedures and operating procedures of safety production management, and strictly enforce labor discipline.

(3) Establish and improve the enterprise safety production management organization, equip the safety production management personnel, and strengthen the safety inspection and management at the production site. According to the characteristics of enterprises and related requirements, a certain number of qualified enterprise registered safety officers and safety production management personnel are equipped or employed to solve the problem of "some people take care of safety, others will take care of safety".

(4) Take timely rectification and monitoring measures for major accidents, and strive to eliminate them as soon as possible. When arranging the enterprise's financial plan, certain funds should be reserved for rectifying hidden dangers of accidents and improving working conditions.

(5) When new construction, reconstruction, expansion, technical transformation and introduction of engineering projects, safety and health engineering design data must be provided and submitted for approval in accordance with relevant state regulations, and qualified units shall be entrusted to conduct occupational safety and health pre-evaluation of engineering projects in accordance with regulations. Ensure that occupational safety and health projects, equipment and facilities are designed, constructed and put into production and use simultaneously with the main project. Imported equipment, processes, raw materials and products, etc. , but also the introduction of safety and health facilities and support technology to ensure safety in production and prevent occupational hazards.

(6) Accelerate the technological transformation of processes and equipment, strengthen the safety management of dangerous equipment and workplaces, and entrust qualified units to conduct regular inspections of dangerous equipment and workplaces according to regulations.

(7) Strengthen the safety education and training for employees, and improve their safety awareness and safety operation skills. Special operations personnel have been trained and examined, and they have certificates.

(8) Participate in industrial injury insurance and property insurance to spread the risks that major accident losses may bring to enterprise operation.

2. Basic requirements for preventing injury accidents

(1) The production and business operation entity shall meet the safety production requirements stipulated by national standards or industry standards. Factory building design specifications, all kinds of spacing, access, signs, lighting are in line with national standards.

(2) the main person in charge of the production and business operation entity and the safety production management personnel must have the corresponding safety production knowledge and management ability to engage in production and business operation activities. All departments at all levels in the factory should conscientiously do their own work in safety production according to the requirements of the responsibility system for safety production.

(3) The equipment, special equipment and safety devices used by the production and business operation entities shall conform to the national standards or industrial standards.

(4) The production and business operation entity must install ventilation and detoxification facilities in the workshop of toxic and harmful gases and dust, so that the concentration of toxic substances and dust in the workshop can reach the national standard.

(five) production and business units must provide employees with labor protection articles that meet the national standards or industry standards in accordance with regulations. Employees must use and wear labor protection articles timely and correctly.

(6) Before entering the factory, changing jobs and operating new equipment, employees must go through the "three-level safety education" of the enterprise and pass the examination before taking up their posts.

(7) Special operations personnel must receive special training from the unit designated by the superior. After passing the theoretical and practical examinations, you must hold the Qualification Certificate for Special Operations.

(8) Employees must conscientiously implement the "Safety Production Responsibility System" and operate in strict accordance with the "Safety Operation Rules" to prevent the occurrence of "three violations".

(9) Employees should carefully find out the hidden dangers of accidents around them, report them in time and eliminate them in time to ensure safety.

Five, according to the relevant provisions of the state configuration safety facilities and fire equipment, set up safety, fire prevention and other signs, and organize regular inspection and maintenance.

L, enterprises should formulate detailed safety production and fire prevention, fire extinguishing management system and its implementation rules and posted on the wall to inform employees.

2, enterprise building engineering and interior decoration fire protection design, must comply with the requirements of the relevant national technical specifications. The fire protection design of construction projects and interior decoration shall be reported to the public security fire control institutions for examination and approval before implementation, and shall not be changed without authorization. After the construction is completed, apply to the public security fire control supervision institution for fire control acceptance.

3, the enterprise construction should implement the safety system, equipped with the necessary safety protection and fire equipment, appoint someone to be responsible for the safety and fire control work on the construction site.

4. The following places in the enterprise should be equipped with evacuation signs, emergency lighting devices and necessary fire control facilities:

1) inflammable and explosive dangerous goods workshop and storage place;

2) warehouses for high-rise buildings, civil air defense projects, raw materials and finished products;

3) Fleet, oil depot (gas station), liquefied gas station, substation, generator room, etc.

4) medical clinics, children's schools, guest houses and restaurants;

5) Temporary houses, shops, farmers' markets and exhibition venues.

5. The safety protection facilities, fire fighting equipment and equipment used by enterprises must be products with national production license and product quality certification certificate. The quality of electrical equipment used must meet the safety requirements. The installation, circuit design and laying of electrical equipment must conform to the technical regulations for electrical safety and be regularly overhauled.

6. It is strictly prohibited to use naked flame in fire dangerous places without authorization. If you need to use open flame appliances, you should apply in advance, explain the safety measures, and use them after approval by the security department.

7, special operations personnel should hold relevant certificates, for welding, gas cutting, grinding wheel cutting, gas burning and other operations with fire danger, must be operated in accordance with the relevant safety requirements.

8. Don't use homemade or purchased electric stoves for heating or drinking water in offices and dormitories.

9. Designate no-smoking areas. Employees are not allowed to smoke in non-smoking areas, dormitories and other places.

10. Enterprises should rationally allocate safety and fire fighting equipment according to the existing safety facilities and financial resources. Do not move, damage or misappropriate it without authorization, and check and replace it regularly.

1 1. Employees' bicycles, motorcycles and enterprise vehicles shall be stored in an orderly manner according to the designated area and place, and the articles shall be stacked in an orderly manner, and the waste articles shall be disposed of in time.

12. The following personnel of the enterprise shall receive training on safety production and fire control knowledge:

1) The first responsible person or the person in charge of production safety at all levels;

2) enterprise safety management personnel;

3) Installation, operation and maintenance personnel of dangerous equipment (special operators);

4) inflammable and explosive goods warehouse management personnel.

Six, to ensure the smooth evacuation routes and exits, is the top priority of all kinds of enterprises, especially public places.

Safety facilities of new construction, renovation and expansion projects of production and business units (hereinafter referred to as construction projects) must be designed, constructed and put into production and use at the same time as the main project (hereinafter referred to as "three simultaneities" audit).

The production and business premises of all production and business units must ensure the smooth evacuation routes and safety exits, and have safety exit signs and emergency lighting. Above the second floor, there must be more than two exits, and the doors must be opened outwards. In the process of production and operation, the safety door shall not be locked.

Seven, enterprises are not allowed to set up staff quarters in buildings with workshops or warehouses, and labor-intensive units must put an end to the "three in one" phenomenon.

Workshops, shops, warehouses and dormitories for the production, management, storage and use of dangerous goods shall not be in the same building, or their spacing does not meet the safety requirements. Strictly implement the mandatory safety production standards for construction projects, including fire control facilities, which are applicable to this enterprise.

Eight, enterprise "three-level safety education"

For new workers who enter the factory to engage in productive labor or change jobs, they should carry out "three-level safety education" in-plant safety education, workshop safety education and workplace safety education. After three-level safety education and passing the examination, they can enter the production post for operation.

(1) The main contents of factory-level education are:

1, the significance of safety in production, the guidelines, policies, laws and regulations of the party and the government on safety in production; The production characteristics of this enterprise and the positive and negative experiences and lessons of safety production;

2, the general provisions of enterprise safety production and common sense of safe operation, etc.

(2) The main contents of workshop safety education are:

L, the production characteristics of this workshop; Safety production rules and regulations of this workshop;

2, workshop machinery and equipment status, dangerous areas and toxic operation measures;

3, workshop safety production situation, and measures to prevent accidents.

(3) The main contents of post (team) safety education are:

L, the post of production safety, the nature of work and the scope of responsibilities;

2. Rules and regulations of post safety production and operating experience;

3. The performance and use of various tools, instruments and safety devices in this position;

4. Accidents and lessons of this post;

5. Use and storage methods of labor protection articles in this position.

Nine, enterprise employees' safety responsibilities

L, study hard the knowledge of labor safety, constantly improve the technical level, and consciously abide by various labor disciplines and management systems;

2, abide by the labor technical operation procedures of each type of work, not illegal, not reckless;

3. Care and correct use of production equipment, protective facilities and protective articles;

4, refused to illegal command, stop others illegal operation;

5, the correct use of labor protection and protective equipment, etc.

6. Participate in various safety publicity and education activities.

X. post operation safety

L, before mount guard operation to do "think, check, three strict"

Think about it: what are the unsafe factors in the production that day and how to deal with them?

Second, check whether the workplace, mechanical equipment and tool materials meet the safety requirements and whether there are hidden dangers; Check whether your operation will affect the safety of people around you.

Three strictness: strictly abide by the safety system, strictly implement the operating rules, and strictly abide by labor discipline.

2, abide by the safety operation procedures

Safety operation rules are the rules that workers must follow when operating mechanical equipment, high-precision instruments and meters and engaging in other operations. It is an important part of the enterprise's safety production rules and regulations (the specific rules are formulated by the enterprise according to the equipment manual or industry standards).

3, it is forbidden to illegal operation, refused to take risks.

(1) The rotating parts of mechanical equipment must be fitted with protective covers before they can work; When the machine is running, you are not allowed to leave without authorization, leaving the machine unattended. Cleaning, oiling or repairing the running machinery and equipment are not allowed. When cleaning, oiling or repairing mechanical devices, electrical appliances and other equipment, the power supply must be cut off and stopped.

(2) Don't put your hand into the pressing part of the press (especially the punch); It is not allowed to wear gloves or replace designated tools with objects when operating rotating machine tools.

(3) Scrap and update tools in time.

(4) It is not allowed to clean the workbench with gasoline; Learn to use fire fighting equipment.

(5) Do not wear labor protection articles that do not meet the safety requirements. (civilized production)

(6) After work, carefully check the safety status of power supply, products, semi-finished products and raw materials. Flammable articles should be kept away from motors, lighting lamps and heat sources.