(A) the reasons for its establishment
First of all, in the process of formulating their own standards, ISO/TC 176(IS09000 Standardization Technical Committee) and ISO/TC207(IS0 14000 Standardization Technical Committee) both involve occupational safety and health issues. Both standardization technical committees are interested in the standardization of occupational safety and health management system. However, due to the wide and complex scope of occupational safety and health, which is far beyond the work scope of the two technical committees, there is no occupational safety and health content in IS09000 and IS0 14000 standards. Obviously, the three standards are interrelated and have overlapping contents. The standards of ISO9000, ISO 14000 and OHSMS 18000 management systems are closely related in terms of standard ideas and standard elements, and are basically the same in terms of system operation mode and file structure, which makes it possible to establish and implement an integrated management system of QMS, ems and OHSMS. It is feasible for enterprises to establish an integrated management system and institutions to implement integrated certification and audit.
Secondly, the theoretical basis of the three systems is the same, using Deming management theory and the improved PDCA (Plan-Implement-Check-Deal) model as the basic framework of the three standards. Although the PDCA structure of ISO900 1: 1994 is not obvious, it has been implied in 20 elements. ? ??9001:2000 has turned hints into explicit requirements.
Third, the basic framework of the three standards is consistent. 0HSAS 1800 1 has the same structure as IS0 1400 1. Although the 2000 version of IS0900 1 standard is no longer arranged by elements, its "process method" mode structure is the same as IS0 1400 1 and 0 hss. Moreover, the new version of IS0900 1 standard fully considered the compatibility with IS014000 (OHSAS18000) standard when it was revised. Management elements such as documents, records, internal audit and management review can be enjoyed by * * *.
Finally, in terms of the nature of quality, environment and occupational health and safety, the correlation is obvious. If the quality control is not good, it will produce more waste products, waste energy and raw materials, and waste treatment may also bring pollution; Because the victims of environmental pollution are often employees of enterprises first, occupational health and safety problems appear at the same time. It is impossible to produce good products in a dangerous and smoky operating environment. In some high-risk industries, this correlation will be more obvious. For example, the blowout accident in the oil exploration industry, the fire and explosion in the chemical industry, and the leakage of radioactive materials from nuclear power plants. Once these accidents happen, they are not only quality accidents, but also environmental disasters, with casualties in nine cases out of ten. Therefore, comprehensive measures should be taken to consider quality, environment, occupational health and safety together.
In addition, all three systems emphasize continuous improvement; The guiding ideology of the three systems is the same, emphasizing prevention first; Show the same spirit-write what you do, do what you write, and remember what you do.
(B) the establishment of meaning
1, the establishment of an integrated management system is the need to improve the management level of enterprises. With the globalization of global economy, especially after China's entry into WTO, more and more enterprises need to pass the certification system. With the dynamic change of time, the interface between various systems and the coordination between various elements become more and more complicated, and contradictions will become more and more difficult to solve. The management function and efficiency of an enterprise can not be realized only by the effectiveness of one or several systems, but by the overall effectiveness of the enterprise management system. This is the holistic principle of system theory. When several management systems work in enterprise management at the same time, if they can't coordinate with each other, complement each other and connect with each other, not only can they not play their overall functions, but they may also have negative effects on each other, and the result will inevitably reduce the overall effectiveness of the management systems. Therefore, the emergence of integrated management system is completely the need of self-development and self-improvement of enterprises.
2. Establishing an integrated management system is an important way to improve enterprise efficiency.
Unified control with a set of system documents and standardization and institutionalization of all activities and processes will greatly improve the management efficiency of enterprises. Through integrated audit and one audit, enterprises can achieve multiple goals with less investment and less time, thus achieving the purpose of improving efficiency.
3. Establishing an integrated management system is an important means to improve the market competitiveness of enterprises.
With the globalization of global economy, especially after China's entry into WTO, enterprises are facing severe international market competition, which is multifaceted and needs multiple certifications. Only an integrated management system covering multiple certifications can meet the needs of various markets and obtain a pass to participate in diversified market competition.
Another expression of the established meaning
1) Reduce management and certification costs and promote the development of system certification.
2) Reduce management disharmony and improve management efficiency.
3) Each management field can complement each other.
4) Provide the means to solve the problem as a whole.
5) It is beneficial to establish an integrated management concept of quality, environment and occupational safety and health in the organization.
(3) There are difficulties
With the rapid development of ISO9000 certification, ISO 14000 certification and OHSAS 18000 certification, enterprises may need a variety of management system certification. However, due to the different management purposes and object characteristics of QMS, EMS and OHSMS, there are great differences among the three standards, and the application of management system and its elements varies with different purposes and interested parties. QMS aims at the needs of customers, EMS serves the needs of many interested parties and the needs of society for the sustainable development of environmental protection, and OHSMS serves the internal employees and external visitors affected by occupational safety and health conditions. The three systems are self-contained and perform their respective duties. In addition, most organizations are generally not responsible for quality management, environmental protection and safety and health. Therefore, most organizations adopt their own independent systems when implementing their systems, and there is little or no overlap between them. This kind of multi-system and massive duplication of documents leads to the decrease of enterprise management efficiency and the duplication of the same work, which is difficult to control and implement. In the implementation and operation of the management system, the following problems will occur:
total management system
1) In order to meet the needs of different standards certification, some organizations have to do repeated work, so there are three manuals and three sets of program documents, which lead to repeated internal audit and repeated management review, resulting in inefficient operation of the management system.
2) Because the certification audit is not uniform, enterprises have to accept three kinds of audits in order to obtain three kinds of certificates, which may sometimes be carried out by 2-3 certification bodies. This will not only increase the audit fee, transportation fee and reception fee, but also consume the time and energy of managers and employees. The waste of resources and repeated investment of manpower, material resources and financial resources will greatly increase the cost of enterprises applying for certification, dampen the enthusiasm of enterprises to carry out management system certification and hinder the progress of certification.
3) Establish three different management systems according to different management frameworks, resulting in a heavy workload of internal coordination of enterprises, and there will also be cases where management departments such as quality, environment, safety and health compete for resources, government decrees are not unified, information cannot be shared, and even their respective professional scope and management responsibilities are mutually exclusive.
brief introduction
Integrated management has brought positive effects to enterprise management and improved management efficiency by integrating and optimizing similar management processes in different systems and complementing each other. However, from the perspective of the whole enterprise, this kind of "two standards" or "three standards" integrated management is only the integration of some professional management systems in enterprise management, so there are still shortcomings in management practice. This integration still only solves the contradiction and repetition between the standards of professional management system, but does not fundamentally realize the optimization of management system, the establishment of the best order and the solution of the overall performance of enterprises; Moreover, with the continuous development of world economic integration and scientific management, new international and domestic standardized professional management standards are constantly being introduced. This comprehensive management of "two standards" or "three standards" can no longer meet the needs of the development of the situation. Now the latest integrated management system is intensive. Although it is called "integrated management", its connotation and extension are different from "two standards" or "three standards" in principle. Therefore, when learning to understand the integrated management system of "two standards" or "three standards", we should understand the intensive integrated management system, which is the development trend of implementing standards.
Intensive integrated management system is based on the realization of the overall goal of the enterprise, using the basic viewpoints of system theory, cybernetics and information theory, and drawing lessons from the basic methods of establishing operation quality management system, exploring ways and methods to establish a system that can meet the requirements of applicable laws, regulations and professional standards of enterprises, cover the whole enterprise and realize the overall optimization of enterprise management system. In order to make the economic responsibility goal, social responsibility goal and political responsibility goal of state-owned enterprises complement each other, and make all subsystems of an enterprise, including the work of the party and the masses, organically combine into a whole, together with the professional management systems of quality, environment, occupational health and safety, metrology, etc., to form a single intensive management system that supports all-round management, uses * * * elements and can operate effectively in an enterprise.
"Integrated audit" means that certification bodies use the same audit team to audit two or more management systems integrated and operated by the same organization at the same time according to the same audit plan. Integrated audit is suitable for many situations and has many combinations. For example, the integration of ISO900 1 with HACCP, ISO900 1 with ISO 1400 1/OHSMS18001,TL9000 with ISO1400/.
It is generally believed that no matter whether the management system of the auditee is a whole system or several independent systems, a one-time audit conducted by the same auditee in accordance with relevant audit criteria (including certification criteria) belongs to the category of integrated audit. According to this definition principle, the same audit team undertakes audits with different standards in one audit through its internal grouping, which cannot be called comprehensive audit, but belongs to a kind of "joint audit"
Create background
Since 1996, the term IMS has been cited more and more in various management articles, such as TranmerJ's Solving Problems in Integrated Management System and Wilkinson's Integrated Management System of Quality, Environment and Occupational Health and Safety: Examination of Several Key Issues. These articles describe the present situation and development of integrated management system in detail from different aspects.
The business activities of enterprises involve quality management, human resource management, environmental management, occupational safety and health management, marketing management, etc. It is inevitable that it is difficult to meet the objective needs by simply adopting a management model. If an enterprise establishes independent different systems again and again because of social trends and customer requirements, it will bring a lot of repetitive work and waste of resources. Not only the actual effect of implementing standards may be ignored, but also it will affect the improvement of comprehensive management level and economic benefits of enterprises.
In China, according to the statistics of relevant departments, by the end of 200 1, 3 1, China had issued 48 187 quality system certificates with national recognition marks; There are 836 certificates filed with the secretariat of China Environmental Management System Certification Body Accreditation Committee; Certificate of occupational safety and health management system with national recognition mark 106. Among them, most institutions that have obtained ISO 1400 1 and OHSAS 1800 1 certificates have also obtained ISO9000 certificates or. Therefore, more and more organizations are facing the problem of integrating two or more management systems. At the same time, it also puts forward requirements for certification bodies to implement integrated audit of integrated management system. With the in-depth implementation of quality management system, environmental management system and occupational health and safety management system, the industry and certification bodies have responded enthusiastically to the integrated management system. Lucent Company of the United States, Transport Department of British Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd., Copy Machine Factory of Sharp Company of Japan, Akzo Nobel Chemical Group, Bahia Sullulose S.A. (BSC) of Brazil, etc. They have established an integrated management system of quality, environment and occupational health and safety, and many domestic enterprises such as Shenyang Matsushita Battery Co., Ltd. and Guangzhou Espek Environmental Instrument Co., Ltd. are also actively implementing the integrated management system of QMS, ems and OHSMS.
Certification bodies such as CEPREI, BSI, SGS and NQA have also carried out the audit of integrated management system.
purpose
The integrated management system is mainly due to the development needs of enterprise management itself and the increasingly fierce competition brought about by the globalization of economic development, as well as the needs of enterprises to enhance market competitiveness. The purpose of integrated management system is to improve the management level of enterprises, enhance market competitiveness, and win greater development of enterprises.