The Yellow Scarf Uprising is a famous peasant uprising in history, which is very different from other peasant uprisings. This peasant uprising was a large-scale civil uprising organized in the form of religion, which had a great influence on the Eastern Han Dynasty. The uprising was planned by Zhang Jiao for more than ten years, and it was difficult to gather more than 300,000 people. Why did it close down in less than a year? And why can't the Eastern Han Dynasty return to heaven after this uprising? Today we will take a look at this peasant uprising.

The background of the yellow turban insurrectionary

The establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty could not be separated from the support of the big landlords. After witnessing the strength of the landlord's strongmen, Liu Xiu did not dare to operate on the landlord's strongmen easily. Before the release of Tianjin system and the early establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, illegal incidents of powerful landlords emerged one after another. The powerful landlords in Henan and Nanyang used their close relationship with Liu Xiu to annex land, and officials could only turn a blind eye to this. Although Liu Xiu killed a group of officials who were lax in law enforcement, such close relatives and nepotism can never be banned, and Yuntai 28 will gradually become Yuntai 28 Dragon. The system of reclaiming farmland limited the rising space of the people, and with the progress of the incident, it became a tool to exploit the people. The exploitation of officials and powerful landlords intensified land annexation, and the people could only become slaves and tenants of powerful landlords.

By the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the form was already very severe, and the history books were full of records of people eating people and selling children and women. However, powerful landlords are often hundreds of linked fields with plasters everywhere, and there are thousands of slaves attached to them. On the one hand, people eat people, on the other hand, it is the extravagance and waste of powerful landlords. "Zhumen wine stinks, and the road has frozen bones" is vividly reflected.

After the eunuch Tang Heng and others came to power, they exploited the people with thieves. The eunuch Hou Lan took more than 18,000 mu of fertile land at a time, and the princess seized thousands of miles of land around Luoyang. Such incidents emerged one after another. By the time Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty arrived, it was already: "The people are hungry and poor, and there are hundreds of thousands of households." Moreover, the Xiqiang War lasted for decades, and the corvee was grafted on the people through the powerful landlords, and the people were forced to make a living by land annexation and corvee. As the saying goes, "It never rains but it pours." At that time, the plague was rampant and there were corpses everywhere in counties and counties. In the eighty years before the Yellow Scarf Uprising, there were hundreds of peasant uprisings with reliable history. It's just that the strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty was strong, and the people's uprising was like throwing eggs at stones. After failing n times, the people can't see the way out at all, so they can only hope for the savior to save them. It is precisely because of this that it provides soil for religion, and a large number of religions spread their teachings to the people through various means and gather people to rebel.

The specific periods of religious organization riots in the Eastern Han Dynasty are: An period 1 time, Shundi period twice, Emperor worship period 1 time, and Huandi period seven times. Formally speaking, it is getting more and more serious, the scale of riots is getting bigger and bigger, and the number of riots is increasing. In fact, the Yellow Scarf Uprising is not unusual at all, because its background and social environment are in line with the emergence of peasant uprisings, and there are also peasant uprisings in the form of religion. In order to improve his brand effect, Zhang Jiao used his medical skill to save lives, created the image of a "savior" and took the opportunity to promote "Taiping Dao". Recruit a large number of students and Christians and widely publicize the idea of opposing exploitation. At that time, the people themselves had no way out, but at this time, a "savior" appeared to treat them, not only for free, but also for food. Then they must be willing to follow the opening angle. Whether they lived or died in the Eastern Han Dynasty, why should they recognize the Eastern Han Dynasty?

After more than ten years of planning and efforts, Zhang Jiao gathered more than 300,000 people and decided to overthrow the Eastern Han regime. At that time, the slogan was "Heaven dies, Huang Tian should stand, the year is in Jiazi, and the world is good." Heaven represents the Han Dynasty, and Huang Tiandao represents Taiping Dao, which means that Heaven will die and Huang Tiandao will take its place. Then Zhang Jiao had people mark the door of the Eastern Han government with "Jiazi" and agreed to attack the local political power and grassroots officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty together. Unfortunately, however, a disciple (Tang Zhou) went to Beijing to tell on the inside story (Ma Yuanyi), and the court vigorously culled the followers of Taiping Road, and the court began to want Zhang Jiao. In this case, Zhang Jiao was not willing to fail, so he made a big fuss in advance and officially started the "Yellow Scarf Uprising".

The main events of the yellow turban insurrectionary.

1February, 84, the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising officially began. In less than a month, seven states and twenty-eight counties were at war more or less. At the beginning of the incident, the local government in the Eastern Han Dynasty had no time to respond and was caught off guard. Once counties fell, officials fled, and the Yellow Scarf Army plundered everywhere.

In March, Emperor Han Ling named him a general and ordered him to guard the capital. At the same time, we should strictly guard the main passes in China to prevent the Yellow Scarf Army from joining forces. At the same time, Huang Fusong suggested that the emperor woo party member to prevent them from colluding with the Yellow Scarf Army. Then a series of commands began to spread:

1: The imperial court rewarded the three armed forces with money, which greatly boosted their morale.

2. The court released communist party people and asked officials to donate war materials and recruit talents to suppress the peasant uprising.

3: Lu Zhi went north to engage in the line and played the leading role; Huangfusong and Zhu each led an army and went to Yingchuan to crusade against the Yellow Scarf Army.

However, the first battle of the Han army was not smooth. Zhu was defeated, Huang Fusong was besieged, the satrap of Runan was defeated, and the secretariat of Youzhou was killed. A series of failures cast a psychological shadow on the Han army and greatly boosted the morale of the Yellow Scarf Army.

In May, the capital sent Cao Cao to clear Huangfusong. That night, Huang Fusong attacked the Yellow Scarf Army with fire, and attacked the Yellow Scarf Army with Cao Cao and Judy on three sides, killing tens of thousands of enemies and winning a great victory.

In June, Nanyang Prefecture defeated Zhang Mancheng, Huang Fusong and others fought with the Yellow Scarf Army and wiped it out in Yuzhou. At the same time, Lu Zhi broke the opening angle and killed tens of thousands of people. Zhang Jiao was defeated, but Lu Zhi was falsely accused of poor combat. Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty changed sides at the cold feet and replaced Lu Zhi with Dong Zhuo. Later, Zhu was also falsely accused, but Zhang Wen made it clear that Emperor Han Ling did not withdraw Zhu. Since then, Zhu fought bravely and the Yellow Scarf Army was defeated.

In August, Sean was defeated by Huang Fusong, Zhang Bao was defeated by Huang Fusong and Guodian, and the Yellow Scarf Rebellion subsided.

In 188, the yellow turban insurrectionary remnant party revolted again, but the scale was much smaller than the first one. In order to effectively suppress the remnants of the Yellow Scarf Army, Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty changed the local secretariat to state animal husbandry, giving it military and political power, strengthening local control and further strangling the remnants of the Yellow Scarf Army.

Reasons for the failure of the yellow turban insurrectionary.

The yellow turban insurrectionary uprising was suppressed in less than a year. What are the shortcomings of the yellow turban insurrectionary?

The deployment of the yellow turban insurrectionary was disrupted.

First of all, the action was not perfect, because a traitor betrayed it, so the uprising was forced to advance and the original uprising deployment was also disrupted. Moreover, the internal personnel of the capital (Ma Yuanyi) were cracked, which led to the abortion of Luoyang uprising and the inability to take Huanglong. Throughout history, the most likely choice for the success of the uprising is to go straight to Huanglong, because the court's mobilization ability is very strong. If you can't "catch the thief first, catch the king first", there will be endless troubles. The difficulty of Jingkang is a typical example. Why did Judy succeed? Not by going straight to Huanglong. There are insiders in the capital. If the opening angle is properly planned, it is not impossible to defeat the capital. Once the capital is laid, everything will be much smoother. But it's a pity that the traitors tipped them off and the Yellow Scarf Army had to rebel in advance. In ancient times, the information was blocked, and it was difficult for insurgents from all over the country to cooperate perfectly, so that they were gradually suppressed.

The yellow turban insurrectionary army is isolated and helpless

After the uprising, the Yellow Scarf Army couldn't tell who was our enemy and who was our friend, so it was isolated. Communists were initially eliminated by the imperial court and were necessary political allies to win over. Abusive landlords possessed a large number of means of production and military equipment, which also greatly promoted the uprising. The peasant uprisings of past dynasties were rarely successful, and the peasant class lacked knowledge (ancient books are also luxuries) and materials (equipment, food and grass), which had certain limitations and was no match for the imperial court at all. Liu Xiu's success can't be separated from the support of powerful landlords. The green forest with red eyebrows is two meters high, but the Yellow Scarf Army still failed to learn the lesson. In addition, the yellow turban insurrectionary army plundered the gentry everywhere in the uprising, which led to the intensified resistance of the gentry. The powerful landlords in the Eastern Han Dynasty were special because they not only had political and economic advantages, but also had their own private armed forces. Under the counterattack of the landlord, the Yellow Scarf Army was quickly defeated, and the remaining party was suppressed one after another.

The leader of the yellow turban insurrectionary army died too early.

The core figure (opening angle) of the Yellow Scarf Army died at the critical moment, leaving the Yellow Scarf Army leaderless and no match for the imperial court at all. The truth that the thief catches the king first has been verified countless times in history. This time, the Yellow Scarf Army did not "catch the thief first to catch the king", but took away the opening angle and helped the Eastern Han Dynasty complete its strategic intention of "catching the thief first to catch the king". The core figure of the Yellow Scarf Army died, the main force of the Yellow Scarf Army was defeated, and the threat of other remaining parties was greatly reduced.

Tiger power still existed in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

As the saying goes, "a rotten ship weighs three catties of iron", not to mention a huge court. Although the imperial court went downhill, its strength was still to be reckoned with. In the Yellow Scarf Uprising, the Eastern Han Dynasty sent outstanding generals such as Huang Fusong and Zhu, whose command ability, strategic vision and military ability were far stronger than those of the leaders of the Yellow Scarf Army. Huang Fusong and others have repeatedly used tactics to attack the Yellow Scarf Army, but the Yellow Scarf Army cannot use flexible tactics to fight "guerrilla warfare". You know, the Yellow Scarf Army is a peasant uprising organized by religious organizations, and the cost of war is far less than that of the imperial court. If the Yellow Scarf Army can make full use of its own advantages to fight guerrilla warfare, it can also bring down the Han Dynasty. But the yellow turban insurrectionary army didn't realize this. It only knows how to stick to the city and fight logistics ability with the Eastern Han Dynasty. Isn't this a comparison between one's weaknesses and the other's strengths? In this case, the Eastern Han Dynasty often won more with less, while the Yellow Scarf Army could only retreat.

The yellow turban insurrectionary army failed because of its various disadvantages, but it is undeniable that the yellow turban insurrectionary army shook the Eastern Han Dynasty and the opening angle tore off the fig leaf of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Later, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to suppress the remnants of the Yellow Scarf Army, local officials held military and political power, which led to the warlord's separatist regime, and the court gradually existed in name only, which eventually led to the emergence of the Three Kingdoms.