The two sessions refer to the People's Congress and the CPPCC. Every March, the "two sessions" hold a plenary meeting, which is called once every five years, and the annual meeting is called X. The significance of convening the "two sessions" lies in collecting and sorting out the information and demands obtained by the representatives of the "two sessions" from the people and conveying them to the CPC Central Committee. Representatives of the "two sessions" represent the interests of the majority of voters and put forward their own opinions and demands to relevant government departments during the two sessions. The annual local people's congresses and CPPCC meetings, also known as the "two sessions", are usually held earlier than the national "two sessions".
People's congress
The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China is the highest organ of state power. Its permanent organ is the NPC Standing Committee.
Brief introduction of people's congress
People's Congress is the organ of state power in People's Republic of China (PRC). Including the National People's Congress; People's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; People's congresses of cities and autonomous prefectures divided into districts; People's congresses of counties, autonomous counties, cities not divided into districts and municipal districts; People's congresses of townships, nationality townships and towns. The National People's Congress is the highest organ of state power, and local people's congresses at various levels are local organs of state power.
People's congresses are democratically elected. The National People's Congress is composed of deputies elected by provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, special administrative regions and the People's Liberation Army. The people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities divided into districts and autonomous prefectures are composed of deputies elected by the people's congresses at the next lower level. The people's congresses of counties, autonomous counties, cities not divided into districts, municipal districts, townships, nationality townships and towns are composed of representatives directly elected by voters.
1975 constitution stipulates that "all power of the people and the state of China belongs to the people. The organs where the people exercise power are people's congresses at all levels with representatives of workers, peasants and soldiers as the main body. " The current Constitution is amended as: "All power of the people and the state of China belongs to the people. The organs where the people exercise state power are the National People's Congress and local people's congresses at various levels. "
The National People's Congress and the NPC Standing Committee exercise the legislative power of the state.
The National People's Congress is composed of representatives elected by provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, special administrative regions and the armed forces. All ethnic minorities should have an appropriate number of representatives.
The NPC Standing Committee presided over the election of deputies to the National People's Congress.
The number of deputies to the National People's Congress and the method for the selection of deputies shall be prescribed by law.
The National People's Congress is elected every five years.
Two months before the expiration of the term of office of the National People's Congress, the NPC Standing Committee must complete the election of deputies to the next National People's Congress. If the election cannot be held under special circumstances, it can be postponed and the term of office of the current National People's Congress can be extended with the approval of the NPC Standing Committee by more than two-thirds of all its members. The election of deputies to the next National People's Congress must be completed within one year after the end of the extraordinary situation.
The National People's Congress is held once a year and convened by the NPC Standing Committee. If the NPC Standing Committee deems it necessary, or more than one-fifth of the deputies to the National People's Congress propose, a meeting of the National People's Congress may be convened temporarily.
When the National People's Congress is in session, it elects a presidium to preside over the session.
Power or authority
The National People's Congress exercises the following functions and powers:
(1) Amending the Constitution;
(2) to supervise the implementation of the Constitution;
(3) Formulating and amending criminal, civil, state organs and other basic laws;
(4) Electing Chairman and Vice Chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC);
(five) according to the nomination of President People's Republic of China (PRC), decide the candidate for Premier the State Council; According to the nomination of Premier the State Council, decide the candidates for Vice Premier the State Council, State Councilor, ministers of ministries, directors of committees, auditor-general and secretary-general;
(6) Electing chairman of the Central Military Commission; According to chairman of the Central Military Commission's nomination, decide the candidates for other members of the Central Military Commission (CMC);
(7) Electing President the Supreme People's Court;
(8) Electing the Attorney General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate;
(nine) to review and approve the national economic and social development plan and the report on the implementation of the plan;
(ten) to examine and approve the national budget and the report on the implementation of the budget;
(eleven) to change or cancel the inappropriate decisions of the NPC Standing Committee;
(twelve) approved the establishment of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government;
(thirteen) to decide on the establishment of the special administrative region and its system;
(14) To decide on issues of war and peace;
(fifteen) other functions and powers that should be exercised by the highest organ of state power.
The National People's Congress has the power to recall the following persons:
(1) Chairman and Vice Chairman People's Republic of China (PRC).
(2) Premier the State Council, Vice-Premiers, State Councillors, Ministers of Ministries, Directors of Committees, Auditor-General and Secretary-General;
(3) Other members from chairman of the Central Military Commission and the Central Military Commission (CMC);
(4) Dean the Supreme People's Court;
(5) Attorney General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate.
Constitutional amendments are proposed by the NPC Standing Committee or more than one-fifth of the deputies to the National People's Congress, and adopted by the National People's Congress with a majority of more than two-thirds of all the deputies.
Laws and other bills are passed by the National People's Congress with a majority vote of all deputies.
The NPC Standing Committee is composed of the following personnel:
Mr. Chairman,
Some vice-chairmen,
Secretary general,
Several members.
Among the members of the NPC Standing Committee, there should be an appropriate number of minority representatives.
The National People's Congress elects and has the right to recall the members of the NPC Standing Committee.
The members of the NPC Standing Committee shall not hold the posts of state administrative organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs.
The term of office of the NPC Standing Committee is the same as that of the National People's Congress, and it exercises its functions and powers until the next National People's Congress elects a new Standing Committee.
The chairman and vice-chairman shall not serve for more than two consecutive terms.
The NPC Standing Committee shall exercise the following functions and powers:
(1) Interpreting the Constitution and supervising its implementation;
(2) To enact and amend laws other than those that should be enacted by the National People's Congress;
(3) when the National People's Congress is not in session, partially supplement and amend the laws enacted by the National People's Congress, provided that they do not contravene the basic principles of the law;
(4) Explain the law;
(five) when the National People's Congress is not in session, to examine and approve the national economic and social development plan and some adjustment plans that must be made in the implementation of the national budget;
(six) to supervise the work of the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate;
(seven) to revoke the administrative regulations, decisions and orders formulated by the State Council that contravene the Constitution and laws;
(eight) to revoke the local regulations and resolutions formulated by the state organs of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government that contravene the Constitution, laws and administrative regulations;
(9) When the National People's Congress is not in session, to decide on the candidates for ministers, committee directors, auditors-general and secretary-general on the nomination of Premier the State Council;
(ten) when the National People's Congress is not in session, according to the nomination of chairman of the Central Military Commission, decide the candidates for other members of the Central Military Commission (CMC);
(eleven) according to the request of President the Supreme People's Court, the appointment and removal of Vice President the Supreme People's Court, judges, members of the judicial committee and the president of the military court;
(12) To appoint or remove deputy procurators, procurators, members of procuratorial committees and chief procurators of military procuratorates in the Supreme People's Procuratorate at the request of the procurator-general of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and to approve the appointment or removal of chief procurators of people's procuratorates of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government;
(thirteen) to decide on the appointment and removal of plenipotentiaries abroad;
(14) To decide on the ratification and abrogation of treaties and important agreements concluded with foreign countries;
(fifteen) to stipulate the system of military ranks and other special ranks for military and diplomatic personnel;
(sixteen) to stipulate and decide on the medals and honorary titles awarded to the state;
(seventeen) to decide on Amnesty;
(18) To decide to declare a state of war when the National People's Congress is not in session, if the country suffers from armed aggression or must fulfill international treaties to prevent aggression;
(nineteen) to decide on national general mobilization or local mobilization;
(20) To decide to put the whole country or individual provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government into a state of emergency;
(twenty-one) other functions and powers granted by the National People's Congress.
The chairman of NPC Standing Committee presided over the work of NPC Standing Committee and held NPC Standing Committee meetings. The vice-chairmen and the Secretary-General shall assist the Chairman in his work.
The chairman, vice-chairmen and secretary-general form the chairman's meeting to handle the important daily work of the NPC Standing Committee.
The NPC Standing Committee is responsible to the National People's Congress and reports on its work.
The National People's Congress establishes the Ethnic Groups Committee, the Law Committee, the Finance and Economic Committee, the Education, Science, Culture and Health Committee, the Foreign Affairs Committee, the Overseas Chinese Committee and other special committees that need to be established. When the National People's Congress is not in session, the special committees are under the leadership of the NPC Standing Committee.
Under the leadership of the National People's Congress and the NPC Standing Committee, various special committees studied, deliberated and drafted relevant bills.
When the National People's Congress and the NPC Standing Committee deem it necessary, they may organize investigation committees on specific issues and make corresponding resolutions according to the report of the investigation committees.
When the investigation committee conducts an investigation, all relevant state organs, social organizations and citizens are obliged to provide it with necessary materials.
Deputies to the National People's Congress and members of the NPC Standing Committee have the right to propose bills within the functions and powers of the National People's Congress and the NPC Standing Committee respectively in accordance with the procedures prescribed by law.
During the session of the National People's Congress, members of the NPC Standing Committee have the right to submit questions to the ministries and commissions of the State Council or the State Council in accordance with the procedures prescribed by law. The organ in question must be responsible for answering.
Deputies to the National People's Congress shall not be arrested or put on criminal trial without the permission of the presidium of the National People's Congress and the NPC Standing Committee when the National People's Congress is not in session.
The speeches and votes of deputies to the National People's Congress at various meetings of the National People's Congress shall not be investigated by law.
Deputies to the National People's Congress must abide by the Constitution and laws in an exemplary manner, keep state secrets, and assist in the implementation of the Constitution and laws in their own production, work and social activities.
Deputies to the National People's Congress shall keep close contact with the original electoral units and the people, listen to and reflect the opinions and demands of the people, and strive to serve the people.
Deputies to the National People's Congress are subject to the supervision of the original electoral units. The original electoral unit has the right to recall its elected representatives in accordance with the procedures prescribed by law.
The organization and working procedures of the National People's Congress and the NPC Standing Committee are prescribed by law. (Excerpted from the first section of Chapter III of the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC))
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
China People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is a patriotic United front organization of the people of China, an important institution for multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Chinese Production Party, and an important form of promoting socialist democracy in China's political life. China People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) was established on the eve of the founding of New China by China Producers' Party, democratic parties, Democrats without party affiliation, people's organizations and patriots from all walks of life after a long revolutionary struggle.
China People's Political Consultative Conference, also known as the "new CPPCC", is different from the "old CPPCC" held in June 1946 and June 1. 1945 after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, China's * * * production party negotiated with the Kuomintang in Chongqing and decided to hold a political consultation meeting to form a new government. 1946 65438+ 10/0, the political consultative conference was held in Chongqing, with the participation of China Kuomintang, China * * * production party, China Democratic League, China Youth Party and social leaders. In June 165438+ 10 of the same year, the Kuomintang tore up the resolution of the Political Consultative Conference and unilaterally announced the convening of the "National Assembly", thus disintegrating the Political Consultative Conference, namely the old CPPCC.
1948 On April 30th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a slogan to commemorate the May 1st International Labor Day, calling for a new political consultative conference and the establishment of a democratic coalition government. Democratic parties, people's organizations, Democrats without party affiliation and overseas Chinese responded positively and participated in the preparations for the new political consultative conference.
1949 65438+ On October 30th, Beiping declared peaceful liberation. 15 June, the preparatory meeting of the new CPPCC was held in Beiping, attended by representatives of 23 units *** 134. /kloc-In September of 0/7, the second plenary meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the new political consultative conference officially decided to name the new political consultative conference "China People's Political Consultative Conference".
1949 On September 2 1 day, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beiping, announcing the formal establishment of China People's Political Consultative Conference. 662 representatives from 46 units attended the meeting. The meeting adopted the same program of China People's Political Consultative Conference, the Organization Law of China People's Political Consultative Conference and the Organization Law of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, which laid the foundation for the new China. The meeting also adopted resolutions on the national flag, national anthem, title and calendar year, and elected members of the National Committee of the first China People's Political Consultative Conference. At that time, China People's Political Consultative Conference shouldered the heavy responsibility of fulfilling the functions and powers of the National People's Congress, completed the historical mission of establishing a new China, and opened the first page of the history of new China.
1954 In September, the first National People's Congress was held in Beijing. The meeting adopted and promulgated the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC). At this point, the first China People's Political Consultative Conference, as the authority of the National People's Congress, went down in history with the successful completion of its historical mission. After the National People's Congress was held, the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) continued to exist as an organization of the people's democratic United front led by the Producers' Party of China. We continue to play the role of multi-party cooperation and political consultation in the country's political and social life and friendly exchanges with foreign countries, and have made important contributions to promoting the development of socialist revolution and construction.
So far, the China People's Political Consultative Conference has held nine national committees. Mao Zedong was elected chairman of the first National Committee, Zhou Enlai was elected chairman of the second, third and fourth National Committees, Deng Xiaoping was elected chairman of the fifth National Committee, Deng was elected chairman of the sixth National Committee, Li Xiannian was elected chairman of the seventh National Committee, Li Ruihuan was elected chairman of the eighth and ninth National Committees, and Jia Qinglin was elected chairman of the tenth National Committee.
According to the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC), the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Chinese Production Party will exist and develop for a long time.
China People's Political Consultative Conference is led by China's * * * Production Party, and is composed of China's * * * Production Party, eight democratic parties, Democrats without party affiliation, people's organizations, representatives of ethnic minorities and all walks of life, compatriots in Taiwan Province Province, compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao, representatives of returned overseas Chinese and invited guests. It has a broad social foundation.
The China People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) conducts political consultations on major national policies and important issues of people's lives in accordance with the principle of "China's * * * production party and democratic parties and personages without party affiliation have existed for a long time, supervising each other, treating each other with sincerity, and sharing weal and woe", and plays a democratic supervisory role through suggestions and criticisms. The main function of CPPCC is political consultation and democratic supervision, and it organizes all parties, groups and people from all ethnic groups to participate in and discuss state affairs. All activities of China People's Political Consultative Conference are based on the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC).
China People's Political Consultative Conference has a national committee and local committees.
The National Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference is elected for a term of five years. There shall be one chairman, several vice-chairmen and one secretary-general. The plenary session of the National Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference is held once a year. Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference set up a standing committee to preside over the meeting. The members of the Standing Committee are composed of the Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary-General and Standing Committee members of the National Committee. The chairman of the National Committee presides over the work of the Standing Committee. The chairman, vice-chairmen and secretary-general form the chairman's meeting to handle the important daily work of the Standing Committee.
The 10th China People's Political Consultative Conference has 2238 members, 299 standing committee members, and 26 chairmen, vice-chairmen and secretaries-general. Chairman Jia Qinglin, Vice Chairmen Wang Zhongyu, Liao Hui, Liu Yandong and Ngapoi? Ngawangjigme，pagbalha？ Grant Langer, Li Guixian, Zhang Siqing, Henry Fok, Bai Lichen, Luo, Zhang, Zhou Tienong, Hao Jianxiu, Chen, Abdul? Abdul Rexiti, Xu, Huang Mengfu, Wang Xuan,,, Tung Chee-hwa, and Zhang.
The National Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference has several deputy secretaries-general to assist the secretary-general. Set up an office to work under the leadership of the Secretary-General. Set up several special committees and other working bodies. The Tenth National Committee consists of nine special committees, including the Proposal Committee, the Economic Committee, the Population, Resources and Environment Committee, the Education, Culture, Health and Sports Committee, the Social and Legal Committee, the Ethnic and Religious Committee, the Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Overseas Chinese Committee, the Foreign Affairs Committee and the Literature and History Information Committee.
Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall establish committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government of China People's Political Consultative Conference; Autonomous prefectures, cities with districts, counties, autonomous counties, cities without districts and municipal districts may, where conditions permit, set up local committees of the China People's Political Consultative Conference. The term of office of local committees at all levels is five years. Local committees at all levels shall have chairmen, vice-chairmen and secretaries-general. Local committees of counties, autonomous counties, cities not divided into districts and municipal districts may not have a secretary-general according to specific circumstances. Plenary meetings of local committees at all levels are held at least once a year.
The relationship between the National Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference and local committees, as well as the relationship between local committees and local committees at the next lower level, is a guiding relationship.
At present, there are more than 3,000 local CPPCC committees in China, and there are more than 500,000 local CPPCC members.