As far as international engineering management is concerned, partnership can be divided into strategic, strategic and reciprocal types.
1. Strategic type
Strategic, that is, strategic partnership. The basis of establishing this relationship is that each partner must have obvious advantages that the other party does not have, including management advantages, capital advantages, market advantages, talent advantages, professional and technical advantages, etc. , thus forming attraction with each other. After detailed analysis and evaluation of each partner according to their own strengths and weaknesses, they seek complementary partners and form strategic partners, so as to improve their competitive advantage, capture market targets and achieve ideal business goals. Strategic partnership has the characteristics of long-term, and according to experience, this relationship can last for many years.
The pairing and formation of strategic partnerships can be seen in:
(1) Formation between general contractor and investors
The construction cost of large-scale property development projects (especially large-scale commercial projects and infrastructure projects) accounts for more than half of the total cost. Because these projects are large in scale and require high construction technology, they must be undertaken by large-scale construction enterprises with high management level, strong construction technology, good talent quality and good social reputation, so as to ensure the project quality and enhance the investment benefit. In order to increase the competitive strength, investors generally choose a construction enterprise as the general contractor to participate in the competition in advance. Sometimes, the government will launch a large-scale development plan. Due to the large capital investment (billions or billions of yuan), considering the management problems after completion, the government will invite strategic investors to jointly develop the project or even operate the project after completion, out of the quality of diversifying investment risks and operating risks. In the invitation document, the government will require investors to choose a construction company as the general contractor in advance, and this general contractor must be approved and confirmed by the government. Some large-scale construction enterprises take the general contracting of such large-scale construction projects as their main competitive goal, and seek and persuade investors to form strategic alliances in advance with preferential conditions. After the comparison and selection of all parties, a strategic alliance is formed to participate in the competition. For example, Pacific Place (1-3) developed by Hong Kong Pacific Group in Admiralty and Pacific Place developed in Causeway Bay. Gammon construction is the general contractor, Xiexing Building is the partner, and the consortium led by New World is the joint general contractor of the first and second phases of the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition.
(2) The formation between general contractors
For some large and extra-large engineering projects, it is often difficult for any large construction consortium to undertake it alone. The main reason is that this kind of project occupies a large amount of circulating funds, has a variety of professional technologies, has great business risks, and has high requirements for professionals. So some large construction consortia formed a strategic alliance based on the principle of complementary advantages and mutual voluntariness, and jointly bid for some super-large projects in a relatively long time. For example, in the 1990s, Hong Kong started the Airport Core Project, in which the total investment in large-scale civil engineering alone reached over HK$ 654.38+020 billion. Among these projects, large-scale maritime projects with sand pumping and reclamation as the main content account for a large proportion. At that time, only three or four Dutch maritime engineering companies in the world were able to undertake these maritime projects. Therefore, some construction consortia have made strategic joint ventures with these companies and participated in project competition. Internationally, it is a common practice for construction consortia to form joint ventures to bid for projects. (Examination Consulting Engineer)